Deck 10: World Politics: Development

Question 1

Which of the following argue that the developed states will take advantage of the LDCs to increase their own wealth and power?

A) Realists
B) Liberals
C) World systems theorists
D) Both a and c

Answer 1

Both a and c

Question 2

____________ argue that developed states will take advantage of LDCs because of the reality of the class system that exists at the international level.

A) Realists
B) Liberals
C) World systems theorists
D) Both a and c

Answer 2

World systems theorists

Question 3

____________ argue that developed states will take advantage of LDCs because of the anarchic nature of the international system.

A) Realists
B) Liberals
C) World systems theorists
D) Both a and c

Answer 3

Realists

Question 4

______________ argue that free trade creates development opportunities for all states.

A) Realists
B) Liberals
C) World systems theorists
D) Both a and c

Question 5

_______________ suggest that development is influenced by the beliefs of elites regarding the effect of relationships and institutions as well as their own experiences with development.

A) Realists
B) Liberals
C) World systems theorists
D) Constructivists

Question 6

_____________ suggests that women and girls reap fewer benefits than do men and boys from economic, political, and cultural development and ask why.

A) Realists
B) Feminists
C) Constructivists
D) Liberals

Question 7

The desire to foster development driven by the desire to open markets, increase international stability, and promote human rights and welfare is characteristic of

A) The position of developing states.
B) The position of developed states.
C) Both a and b
D) None of the above.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes development?

A) It always focuses on heavy industrialization.
B) Development is a constantly shifting goal.
C) High-technology industries always remain in the same nations.
D) All of the above.

Question 9

In the nineteenth century, the major industries included

A) Textiles and railroads.
B) Steel and heavy machinery.
C) Agriculture and lumber.
D) None of the above.

Question 10

Today developed countries compete against each other in

A) Textiles and railroads.
B) Steel and heavy machinery.
C) Information technology and services.
D) All of the above.

Question 11

Which of the following countries is ranked among the least developed countries in terms of standard of living?

A) China
B) Mexico
C) Poland
D) Japan

Question 12

The United Nations' Millennium Development Goals for 2015 focus primarily on

A) Political and economic issues.
B) Economic and human issues.
C) Human and social issues.
D) Social and political issues.

Question 13

All of the following are human and social needs addressed in the United Nations' Millennium Development Goals except

A) Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
B) Reduce child mortality.
C) Ensure environmental stability.
D) Update antiquated tax laws.

Question 14

According to the text, the global partnership for development in fighting HIV/AIDS has sent doctors and nurses to Africa to help fight the disease. In the example, these doctors and nurses came from

A) The United States.
B) Canada.
C) Mexico.
D) Cuba.

Question 15

A series of concerts in the summer of 2005 was held to rally support so that citizens would pressure their government on the debt-burden issue facing the poorest nations in the world. These concerts were called

A) Live Aid.
B) G-8.
C) Live 8.
D) The Gleneagles Concert.

Question 16

Which of the following nations is not a member of the G-8?

A) Canada
B) France
C) Italy
D) Spain

Question 17

"I believe that governments should provide welfare benefits for all of its citizens." This is an example of a/an

A) Normative statement.
B) True statement.
C) Objective statement.
D) Rational statement.

Question 18

___________ refers to a politically active, issue-oriented public.

A) Modernity
B) Civil society
C) Political culture
D) Political development

Question 19

Modernization theory contends that the most important factors contributing to underdevelopment can be found

A) In the underdeveloped states themselves.
B) In the policies of the developed states.
C) In forces beyond anyone's control.
D) In the Cold War.

Question 20

The fundamental obstacle to development, according to modernization theory, is

A) Imperialism.
B) Communism.
C) Traditional cultures.
D) Market economies.

Question 21

Traditional societies are dominated by

A) Market economies.
B) Rigid social structures.
C) Urban dwellers.
D) Rapid innovations.

Question 22

According to modernization theorists, what kind of political system best promotes development?

A) Communism
B) Authoritarianism
C) Traditionalism
D) Democracy

Question 23

Which of the following economic practices do modernization theorists stress is important for development?

A) Free markets
B) Foreign investment
C) Foreign aid
D) All of the above

Question 24

Demographic transition refers to

A) Changes in the birth and death rates.
B) Changes in the level of democracy.
C) Changes in the rural-urban cleavage.
D) Changes in the geography of a country.

Question 25

The infant mortality rate of underdeveloped nations is generally ______ in developed nations.

A) Lower than that
B) Higher than that
C) About the same as that
D) Less important than that

Question 26

The world's urban population is expected to reach ___________ by the year 2025.

A) 40 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 27

Modernization theory has been criticized because

A) Some question whether the path to economic development taken by the developed countries can be duplicated elsewhere.
B) The structure of the international trading system is biased against industrialized states.
C) There is a lack of international competition to spur these nations to work harder.
D) Developing economies tend to be too diversified.

Question 28

According to Freedom House, when is democracy achieved?

A) When a society has viable political parties
B) When a state writes a constitution
C) When a government holds its first elections
D) When both political rights and civil liberties are present

Question 29

The concept of being taught how to behave through exposure to social customs, beliefs, and conduct is

A) Culturalization.
B) Socialization.
C) Modernization.
D) Democratization.

Question 30

As an explanation of political behavior, __________ focuses on political values and beliefs rather than on institutions, economics, and other domestic factors.

A) Political culture
B) Political socialization
C) Political norms
D) Political rights

Question 31

Which political scientist is noted for arguing that political culture is a crucial link between economic development and democracy?

A) Gabriel Almond
B) Sidney Verba
C) Ronald Inglehart
D) Robert Putnam

Question 32

Dependency theory is rooted in

A) The individual level of analysis.
B) The domestic level of analysis.
C) The systemic level of analysis.
D) Liberal political thought.

Question 33

Dependency theory emphasizes that the causes of underdevelopment are a result of

A) The policies of underdeveloped nations.
B) Marxism.
C) The international system.
D) Impersonal forces.

Question 34

Dependency theory is most closely associated with

A) Liberalism.
B) Marxism.
C) Realism.
D) Mercantilism.

Question 35

The theory that suggests that the international economic system is inherently biased against poor countries is

A) Mercantilism.
B) Dependency theory.
C) Hegemonic-stability theory.
D) Constructivism.

Question 36

According to dependency theory, the role of developing states is to

A) Provide manufactured goods.
B) Provide professional services.
C) Industrialize.
D) Provide raw materials.

Question 37

According to dependency theorists, which institution has replaced the colonial powers in sustaining a dependent relationship between developed and developing states?

A) IMF
B) World Bank
C) MNCs
D) All of the above

Question 38

Which of the following is considered a primary product?

A) Textiles
B) Automobiles
C) Oil
D) Computers

Question 39

In terms of primary products, Nigeria is known for

A) Bananas.
B) Cocoa.
C) Peanuts.
D) Oil.

Question 40

Which of the following is an example of a country whose exports are dominated by a single commodity?

A) Saudi Arabia
B) China
C) France
D) Japan

Question 41

Among the problems faced by countries that are dominated by a single export commodity is

A) Boom and bust cycles.
B) Sensitivity to price fluctuations.
C) Difficulty in long-term planning.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

Unequal terms of trade refers to

A) Currency exchange rates.
B) Ratio of export prices to import prices.
C) Ratio of labor investment to capital investment.
D) None of the above.

Question 43

By 2003, the number of TNCs worldwide totaled

A) 50,000.
B) 53,000.
C) 60,000.
D) 63,000.

Question 44

In 2011, the largest transnational corporation (TNC) was

A) Wal-Mart.
B) General Motors.
C) Royal Dutch Shell.
D) Coca-Cola.

Question 45

Modernization theorists argue that TNCs

A) Are harmful to developing countries.
B) Promote dependence on export commodities.
C) Provide capital to developing countries.
D) All of the above.

Question 46

Dependency theorists contend that TNCs

A) Provide capital, technology, and training to developing countries.
B) Engage in transfer pricing to disguise profits.
C) Transfer only the best technology to the developing countries.
D) Do not utilize local capital to fund their projects.

Question 47

Capital-intensive technology

A) Does not require skilled workers.
B) Is utilized only in the developed states.
C) Is appropriate technology for most of the developing states.
D) None of the above.

Question 48

Dependency theorists charge that TNCs

A) Are worse than colonial powers.
B) Are better than colonial powers.
C) Are better than communism.
D) Are of great assistance to developing countries.

Question 49

Which of the following is not a critique of dependency theory?

A) It has been proven false by successful LDCs.
B) Dependency theorists' view of TNCs is unfounded.
C) Data do not support dependency theorists' views that terms of trade are declining.
D) Dependency theorists fail to take into account domestic conditions within developing states.

Question 50

Import-substitution industrialization involves

A) Encouraging greater self-sufficiency.
B) Establishing protectionist trade policies.
C) Encouraging the manufacturing of products otherwise imported from abroad.
D) All of the above.

Question 51

Import-substitution industrialization often leads to

A) Great success in boosting export earnings.
B) Initial growth followed by heavy borrowing and severe indebtedness.
C) Long-term capital development.
D) Decreased reliance on capital from the developed states.

Question 52

Which region experiences both success and limitations with regard to import-substitution industrialization?

A) The Middle East
B) Latin America
C) Sub-Saharan Africa
D) Southeast Asia

Question 53

The export-led industrialization strategy involves

A) Commodity cartels.
B) Buffer stocks.
C) Intensive state intervention in the economy.
D) Dependency theory.

Question 54

Which nation followed an export-led industrialization strategy?

A) Tanzania
B) Nicaragua
C) South Korea
D) Russia

Question 55

Export-led industrialization strategies are most closely related to

A) Modernization theory.
B) Dependency theory.
C) Commodity cartels.
D) Collective bargaining.

Question 56

Some argue that export-led industrialization will not work for most nations because

A) They are too poor.
B) Successful NICs have crowded out other potential nations from the global market.
C) Foreign investment capital will not be attracted to economically risky developing states.
D) Such strategies work only in Asia.

Question 57

Autonomous development practices focused on ______________ to meet a state's citizens' basic needs.

A) Internationally based efforts
B) Territorially based efforts
C) Periphery-based efforts
D) None of the above

Question 58

The Washington Consensus

A) Was a plan agreed upon by all states.
B) Was a reaffirmation of states' abilities to control their economies.
C) Arose out of the failures of delinking, autonomous development, and the New International Economic Order.
D) Both b and c

Question 59

All of the following policy recommendations were part of the Washington Consensus except

A) Trade liberalization.
B) Privatization.
C) Securing of property rights.
D) Import-substitution industrialization.

Question 60

The immediate result of the implementation of recommendations from the Washington Consensus in developing countries

A) Was rapid economic growth.
B) Was steady economic growth.
C) Was initial decline but then rapid growth.
D) None of the above.

Question 61

________________ experienced a currency crisis in 1994.

A) Mexico
B) Canada
C) Brazil
D) Venezuela

Question 62

The currency crises in Mexico, Asia, and Russia are all attributed to

A) Export-led industrialization strategies.
B) Import-substitution industrialization strategies.
C) Policies derived from the Washington Consensus.
D) Corrupt leadership.

Question 63

This region experienced a currency crisis in 1997-1998.

A) Latin America
B) Eastern Europe
C) Asia
D) The Middle East

Question 64

The 1997-1998 Asian currency crisis created a contagion effect that impacted

A) Russia and Brazil.
B) Russia and Mexico.
C) Mexico and Brazil.
D) Mexico and the United States.

Question 65

The process of instituting strict economic reforms based on liberal assumptions regarding the path to economic development is commonly referred to as

A) Structural adjustment programs.
B) The IMF short-term adjustment program.
C) The U.S. economic recovery plan.
D) The World Bank's loan program.

Question 66

SAPs and the Washington Consensus policies negatively affect women and girls in terms of

A) Educational opportunities.
B) Access to medical facilities and drugs.
C) Access to public services.
D) All of the above.

Question 67

A major innovation made in agriculture to support development is known as the

A) Agricultural Revolution.
B) Green Revolution.
C) Red Revolution.
D) Agrodevelopment Revolution.

Question 68

Which region has not yet benefited from the Green Revolution?

A) Latin America
B) Africa
C) The Middle East
D) The Near East

Question 69

In 2005, the United Nations' Economic and Social Council proclaimed the

A) "Year of Inflation."
B) "Year of Recession."
C) "Year of Microcredit."
D) "Year of Bank Reconstruction."

Question 70

Briefly explain how realists and world systems theorists view the international economic system and compare with the liberal view.

Question 71

Define NICs and provide at least two examples.

Question 72

List at least four of the human and social issue goals that are part of the UN Millennium Development Goals for 2015.

Question 73

Briefly explain how gender relations affect development.

Question 74

What is the G-8, and what is it currently doing about debt in the poorest of the poor countries in the international system?

Question 75

Define civil society, and briefly explain how it is manifested internationally and domestically.

Question 76

Briefly describe modernization theory. Which theoretical perspective is best represented by the theory?

Question 77

Explain how the policies ascribed by modernization theory might affect societies.

Question 78

List the critiques of modernization theory.

Question 79

What are the requirements for political development?

Question 80

Briefly describe political culture as defined by Almond and Verba.