Deck 11: Human Issues: Demographic Trends

Question 1

Human issues include which of the following?

A) Population growth and decline
B) Migration
C) Refugees
D) All of the above

Answer 1

All of the above

Question 2

Large cohorts between the ages of 15 and 24 relative to the total adult population are referred to as

A) A youth bulge.
B) A declining population.
C) A baby boom.
D) A positive fertility rate.

Answer 2

A youth bulge.

Question 3

The tendency of a youth bulge to contribute to unemployment and internal conflict reflects which major theme?

A) Cooperation
B) Conflict
C) Globalization
D) Fragmentation

Answer 3

Fragmentation

Question 4

The problems associated with refugees and internally displaced persons caused by civil wars reflect which major themes?

A) Cooperation and conflict
B) Globalization and fragmentation
C) Cooperation and fragmentation
D) Conflict and fragmentation

Question 5

According to the text, which theory of international relations is more likely to examine how states redefine security interests by encompassing the issue of human security?

A) Liberalism
B) Realism
C) Constructivism
D) World systems theory

Question 6

By the end of the twentieth century, the world's population was nearly _________ the size in 1900.

A) One half
B) Two times
C) Three times
D) Four times

Question 7

Demographic transition refers to

A) Changes in the birth and death rates.
B) Changes in the level of democracy.
C) Changes in the level of urbanization.
D) Changes in a nation's borders.

Question 8

By the year 2043, the world's population is projected to reach

A) At least 8 billion.
B) 8.5 billion.
C) 9 billion.
D) None of the above.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes population growth in the developed world?

A) The birth rate has rapidly overtaken the death rate.
B) Population growth has leveled off.
C) The developed world has a greater population because of long-term growth.
D) The population of the developed world is relatively young and fast growing.

Question 10

Population increases

A) More quickly in developing states than in developed states.
B) More quickly in developed states than in developing states.
C) About equally in developing and developed states.
D) None of the above.

Question 11

Compared with developed states, developing countries have

A) Higher fertility rates.
B) Lower fertility rates.
C) Lower death rates.
D) Both b and c

Question 12

Higher fertility rates in developing countries are the result of

A) Children being needed to provide labor and income for the family.
B) Increasing death rates, particularly from HIV/AIDS.
C) Increasing economic development in developing countries.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

When modern drugs are introduced into developing nations,

A) The death rate falls dramatically.
B) There is a population explosion.
C) Infant mortality rates fall.
D) All of the above.

Question 14

The result of lower fertility rates is

A) An aging population.
B) A generally stable demographic trend.
C) A declining population.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

Potential problems associated with youth bulges include

A) Unemployment.
B) Riots and violent demonstrations.
C) Terrorism.
D) All of the above.

Question 16

Success in terms of economic development can occur even in developing states with very large populations. This is demonstrated with a recent study of

A) China and India.
B) India and Indonesia.
C) China and Brazil.
D) India and Brazil.

Question 17

Which of the following is true?

A) Only developed countries face challenges regarding an aging population.
B) Only developing countries face challenges regarding an aging population.
C) Both developed and developing countries face challenges regarding an aging population.
D) Neither developed nor developing countries face a challenge from an aging population.

Question 18

The primary concern of an aging population for a state is

A) The lack of jobs for younger generations.
B) The pending youth bulge.
C) The economic costs of caring for elderly citizens.
D) All of the above.

Question 19

In 2011, there were ___ megacities.

A) 100
B) 23
C) 50
D) 18

Question 20

It is projected that future urbanization is most likely to occur in

A) The current megacities.
B) Small cities.
C) Towns.
D) Both b and c

Question 21

One problem associated with megacities is

A) Availability of affordable housing.
B) Rising crime rates.
C) Lack of appropriate infrastructure.
D) All of the above.

Question 22

One of the most effective ways of curbing rapid population growth is

A) Increasing immigration.
B) Increasing the world's food supply.
C) Instituting family-planning programs.
D) Developing advanced medical technology.

Question 23

The first World Population Conference was held in

A) Rome, Italy, in 1954.
B) Paris, France, in 1954.
C) Rome, Italy, in 1974.
D) Paris, France, in 1984.

Question 24

The first World Population Conference concentrated on all of the following except

A) The exchange of information regarding the determinants and consequences of population variables.
B) The establishment of regional training centers focusing on population issues.
C) The training of specialists in conducting studies on population issues.
D) The establishment of a link between population growth and development.

Question 25

The fifth UN conference focusing on population held in 1994 in Cairo, Egypt, focused on

A) The exchange of information regarding the determinants and consequences of population variables.
B) The establishment of regional training centers focusing on the issue of abortion.
C) The training of specialists in conducting studies on population issues.
D) The establishment of a link between population growth and development.

Question 26

The fifth UN conference on population held in 1994 in Cairo, Egypt, initiated which new program?

A) Program for Action
B) Program for Development
C) Program for Family Planning
D) Program for Abortion

Question 27

The Program for Action calls for universal access to family planning by the year

A) 2010.
B) 2015.
C) 2020.
D) 2025.

Question 28

Beyond contraceptives, which of the following is also needed to lower birth rates in developing countries?

A) More economic development at the aggregate level
B) Improved education for women
C) Improved economic opportunities for women
D) Both b and c

Question 29

In assessing efforts of family planning,

A) It is agreed that the programs have been very successful.
B) It is agreed that there has been no success.
C) It is agreed that success has come slowly with general support for programs but less success in the implementation of programs.
D) It is agreed to end all programs advocating abortion.

Question 30

The top donor in 2011 to the United Nations Population Fund was

A) Sweden.
B) Spain.
C) The United States.
D) Japan.

Question 31

The most controversial aspect of family planning is

A) Replacement fertility.
B) Abortion.
C) Migration.
D) Its effect on the environment.

Question 32

It is estimated that _________ abortions are performed each year, with _________ conducted in unsafe conditions and with unskilled providers.

A) Over 20 million; 9 million
B) 30 million; 19 million
C) About 42 million; almost 20 million
D) Over 50 million; over 20 million

Question 33

Opposition to family-planning programs

A) Comes from religious groups and organizations.
B) Is fairly low across the globe.
C) Comes more from developed than developing countries.
D) All of the above.

Question 34

During the Cold War, which country cut off aid to NGOs that supported abortion as part of their family-planning programs?

A) Mexico
B) The United States
C) The Soviet Union
D) The United Kingdom

Question 35

Which of the following countries has had the most extreme laws regarding family planning?

A) The United States
B) China
C) Russia
D) Cuba

Question 36

The only country to withhold funds to the United Nations Population Fund for political rather than financial reasons was

A) The Soviet Union.
B) The United Kingdom.
C) The United States.
D) China.

Question 37

Which of the following best describes migration?

A) It is an effective method of dealing with the population growth rate.
B) It is entirely motivated by the need to better oneself economically.
C) It generally involves people from poorer regions moving into the wealthier parts of the world.
D) It has been outlawed by the United Nations.

Question 38

Migration

A) Is a recent phenomenon.
B) Has increased only over the past 50 years.
C) Occurs only between developed countries.
D) Has always played a major role in history.

Question 39

Which of the following themes has contributed the most to economic migration?

A) Globalization
B) Fragmentation
C) Conflict
D) Cooperation

Question 40

Asylum migration to developed states stems mainly from

A) Political factors.
B) Economic factors.
C) Security factors.
D) None of the above.

Question 41

________ refers to money that migrants send back to their home country.

A) Extra income
B) Remittance income
C) Remittance pay
D) Remittance transition

Question 42

Which theoretical perspective suggests that states use asylum politics for their own national interests?

A) Constructivism
B) Marxism
C) Realism
D) Liberalism

Question 43

Immigration has a negative effect on developing states as migrants bring their skills to developed states, creating

A) A brain drain in the developing states.
B) A brain drain in the developed states.
C) A skill drain in the developing states.
D) A skill drain in the developed states.

Question 44

Which of the following best describes the plight of refugees today?

A) Their numbers have been declining as the United Nations has taken a more active role in world affairs.
B) Refugees may be displaced within their own countries or flee to neighboring states or regions.
C) Refugees come equally from the developed world and developing world.
D) All of the above.

Question 45

In 2012, the top three states hosting refugees were

A) Pakistan, Iran, and Germany.
B) Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Sudan.
C) Sudan, Pakistan, and Burundi.
D) Afghanistan, Burundi, and Pakistan.

Question 46

Refugees and IDPs are primarily the result of

A) Security reasons.
B) Poverty.
C) Economic discrimination.
D) All of the above.

Question 47

Beyond security reasons, refugees and IDPs result primarily from

A) Economic discrimination.
B) Environmental reasons.
C) Energy reasons.
D) None of the above.

Question 48

Nativist movements are in favor of

A) Allowing more immigration into their countries.
B) Creating new jobs for immigrants.
C) Restricting immigration.
D) Allowing only natives of a country to immigrate.

Question 49

Which of the following is true?

A) EU states have a problem of aging populations.
B) EU states have a dwindling workforce.
C) EU states need immigrant workers.
D) All of the above.

Question 50

Historically, the United States was most apt to accept immigrants from what countries?

A) Those with which it has friendly relations
B) Those closest geographically to the United States
C) Those with which it has unfriendly relations
D) Those that are experiencing severe economic conditions

Question 51

From which of the following countries was the United States least likely to accept immigrants?

A) The Soviet Union during the Cold War
B) Vietnam during the Cold War
C) Haiti during the Cold War and post-Cold War
D) Cuba during the Cold War and post-Cold War

Question 52

U.S. citizens' tolerance of economic immigrants

A) Is based on current needs.
B) Is based on the East-West ideology of the Cold War.
C) Is constant.
D) Is cyclical.

Question 53

The United Nations is generally concerned about _______, ________, and ________ when it comes to refugees and IDPs.

A) Health; safety; citizenship
B) Protection; resettlement; repatriation
C) Citizenship; resettlement; repatriation
D) Costs; health; repatriation

Question 54

One of the successes of voluntary repatriation of political refugees was the return of refugees to

A) Somalia in 1994.
B) Liberia after the civil war ended in 2003.
C) Cambodia after the defeat of the Khmer Rouge in 1978.
D) Rwanda after the genocide in 1994.

Question 55

According to the World Health Organization, in 2012 __________ had the lowest life expectancy.

A) Angola
B) Sierra Leone
C) The Philippines
D) Afghanistan

Question 56

Developing countries face

A) The problems of both incoming refugees and brain drain.
B) Only the problem of incoming refugees.
C) Only the problem of brain drain.
D) Only economic migration.

Question 57

The organization charged with addressing international health issues is the

A) Center of Infectious Diseases.
B) World Health Organization.
C) International Health Organization.
D) Centers for Disease Control.

Question 58

Infectious diseases kill more than _________ people per year worldwide.

A) 10 million
B) 14 million
C) 17 million
D) 20 million

Question 59

Tropical diseases include which of the following?

A) AIDS
B) Measles
C) Malaria
D) Polio

Question 60

Which of the following is transmitted primarily by contaminated water?

A) AIDS
B) Cholera
C) Measles
D) Tetanus

Question 61

According to the WHO, the region with the largest number of people with HIV/AIDS is

A) Western Europe.
B) Asia.
C) Sub-Saharan Africa.
D) North America.

Question 62

The international organization responsible for immunization of diseases is

A) The World Bank.
B) The World Health Organization (WHO).
C) The International Monetary Fund (IMF).
D) The World Trade Organization (WTO).

Question 63

International efforts to deal with AIDS have concentrated primarily on

A) Prevention.
B) Cure.
C) Immunization.
D) Eradication.

Question 64

Which of the following best characterizes the response of individual governments toward AIDS?

A) It has exacerbated international conflict.
B) Many nations have denied they even have a problem.
C) Many nations blame foreigners for the spread of AIDS.
D) All of the above.

Question 65

The WHO has attempted to respond to outbreaks of disease through its

A) Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response.
B) Department of Disease Response and Prevention.
C) Department of Eradication.
D) None of the above.

Question 66

President Obama decided to restore U.S. funding to UNFPA in support of family-planning programs worldwide. This is an example of ________ at ________ level of analysis.

A) Liberalism; individual
B) Liberalism; domestic
C) Liberalism; systemic
D) None of the above

Question 67

Define and briefly explain the impact of a youth bulge.

Question 68

Define demographic transition and explain how it is a human issue.

Question 69

Define and explain the significance of replacement-level fertility.

Question 70

What are the consequences of a low fertility rate? Give an example.

Question 71

Briefly explain how population growth affects development.

Question 72

How do China and India serve to illustrate issues of population growth and economic development?

Question 73

What are megacities? What problems are associated with them?

Question 74

List the factors that contribute to fertility rates.

Question 75

Explain the connection between birth rates and gender inequality.

Question 76

Briefly explain the primary debate regarding abortion.

Question 77

List five reasons for migration.

Question 78

Define remittance income and explain its significance.

Question 79

How does economic migration affect the home country of the immigrant?

Question 80

Define refugees and IDPs.