Deck 8: Friendship

Question 1

What is the difference between the dispositional and situational level of analysis?

Answer 1

The dispositional level of analysis focuses on characteristics of the person that contribute to friendship.
The situational level of analysis focuses on characteristics of the situation that contribute to friendship

Question 2

What would be a dispositional level explanation and a situational level explanation for why female friendship is closer than that of male friendship.

Answer 2

Dispositional - women are more communal than men Situational - both women and men self-disclose to women, go to women to share problems

Question 3

What are some similarities in women's and men's friendship?

Answer 3

Both women and men look for the same qualities in a friend; both women and men desire friends who are similar to themselves; both men and women view self-disclosure as important to friendship; both men and women value egalitarianism in friendship

Question 4

ow do agency and communion map onto men's and women's friendship?

Question 5

What is co-rumination and is it adaptive or maladaptive?

Question 6

How does mode of communication influence sex differences in self-disclosure?

Question 7

What are the barriers to closeness in male-male friendship?

Question 8

Is there a sex difference in relational aggression? Explain.

Question 9

What are the challenges that cross-sex friendships face?

Question 10

ow does the outgroup homogeneity effect affect cross-race friendship?

Question 11

What are some of the challenges LGBTQ friendships face?

Question 12

What are some of the benefits and barriers to friendships among transgender individuals with cisgender individuals?

Question 13

What are the advantages and disadvantages of friendships at work.

Question 14

How does cross-sex friendship change over the lifespan?

Question 15

How do children affect women's friendship?

Question 16

The dispositional level of analysis emphasizes:

A) The personality traits of a person
B) The friendliness of a person
C) The situation in which one finds him or herself
D) All of the above

Question 17

Traits most desired in a friend are:

A) agreeableness and dependability for both men and women
B) agreeableness for women and dependability for men
C) attractiveness and status for both men and women
D) attractiveness for men and status for women

Question 18

The female emphasis on self-disclosure and the male emphasis on shared activities in friendship:

A) is a myth
B) characterizes children but not adults
C) characterizes both children and adults
D) is limited to the United States

Question 19

Female friendship:

A) is closer than male friendship among children and adults
B) is less close than male friendship among children and adults
C) is closer than male friendship but only among children
D) is closer than male friendship but only among adults

Question 20

In terms of intimacy with friends, research has shown that:

A) men's friendships are just as intimate as those of women
B) men are equally capable of intimacy in friendship as women
C) men prefer the same amount of intimacy in friendship as women
D) men define intimacy exclusively in terms of shared activities

Question 21

Sex differences in self-disclosure:

A) are larger among adults than children
B) are larger among strangers than close relationships
C) are larger in observational than self-report measures
D) none of the above

Question 22

Co-rumination is:

A) men and women ruminating with one another
B) men and women ruminating about each other
C) ruminating about problems with friends
D) ruminating about problems with strangers

Question 23

Co-rumination is associated with:

A) increased psychological distress
B) decreased friendship quality
C) decreased psychological distress
D) both a and b

Question 24

The relation between online and offline disclosure is best described by the:

A) the "rich get richer" hypothesis
B) the "displacement" hypothesis
C) the "rehearsal" hypothesis
D) all of the above

Question 25

What is the reason that male friendship is less close than female friendship?

A) Men's relationships are competitive
B) Men are less emotionally inexpressive
C) Men are more homophobic
D) All of the above

Question 26

Relational aggression includes:

A) spreading rumors about someone
B) threatening not to be someone's friend
C) exclusing someone
D) all of the above

Question 27

Relational aggression:

A) is more common among women than men
B) is more common than physical aggression among women
C) is more common among sexual minorities than heterosexuals
D) all of the above

Question 28

Cross-sex friendships are most common:

A) among children
B) among adolescents
C) among middle-age adults
D) among the elderly

Question 29

Compared to same-sex friendship, cross-sex friendship:

A) is equally close for females and males
B) is equally close for females
C) is less close for females
D) is less close for males

Question 30

A lot of cross-sex friends appears to be problematic for:

A) teenage girls
B) teenage boys
C) teenage girls and boys
D) is never problematic

Question 31

In cross-sex friendships, the audience challenge refers to:

A) whether cross-sex friends are available
B) how other people view the relationship
C) the presence of an audience in friendship
D) whether cross-sex friendship is egalitarian

Question 32

A friend with benefits relationship is a friendship:

A) that includes sexual activity
B) that includes a commitment
C) that includes exclusivity
D) that is a romantic relationship

Question 33

Homophily refers to:

A) the tendency to form friendship with the same-sex
B) the tendency to form friendship with the same race
C) the tendency to form friendship with the same gender identity
D) the tendency to form friendship with similar others

Question 34

Cross-race friendship is:

A) more common among children than adults
B) more common among adults than children
C) more common among men than women
D) more common among women than men

Question 35

Barriers to cross-race friendship are:

A) co-rumination
B) prejudice
C) lack of opportunities
D) both b and c

Question 36

Which group has the lowest percentage of same-sex friends?

A) heterosexual women
B) heterosexual men
C) gay men
D) lesbians

Question 37

Which challenge do gay men, lesbians, and bisexuals most face in their friendships?

A) the audience challenge
B) the sexual challenge
C) the equality challenge
D) the opportunity challenge

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of friendships at work?

A) increased productivity
B) team building
C) emotional support
D) all of these are benefits

Question 39

During what period of time do men have the most friends?

A) when widowed
B) after retirement
C) early adulthood
D) adolescence