Deck 7: Communication

Question 1

What are the reasons children prefer to play with same-sex friends?

Answer 1

--girls and boys have different play styles
--girls find it difficult to influence boys
--institutional support for same-sex interaction

Question 2

dentify two moderators of sex differences in interaction styles.

Answer 2

--nature of the task - men are more likely to engage in task behavior than women when the task is masculine in nature
--sex of the interaction partner - the largest differences are in same-sex interactions; there is some accommodation of style in other-sex interactions
--length of interaction - sex differences are larger for brief interactions compared to longer interactions

Question 3

Describe some general differences in the language men and women use.

Answer 3

--men's language is direct, succinct, and instrumental
--women's language is indirect, elaborative, affective
sample differences shown in Table 7.2 in the text

Question 4

Identify two moderators of the sex difference in smiling?

Question 5

Identify two moderators of the sex difference in touch.

Question 6

What is the situational explanation for why women are more easily influenced than men?

Question 7

How does the length of the interaction affect who emerges as a leader?

Question 8

Describe the three leadership styles and indicate whether any of them are more characteristic of men or women.

Question 9

hat is the double-bind that women face in leadership positions with respect to agency and communion?

Question 10

How can women overcome prejudice toward female leaders?

Question 11

How can having a female leader in a group hurt the group?

Question 12

Are there sex differences in emotion?

Question 13

What are the implications of online communication for offline relationships?

Question 14

Provide a status explanation and then a social role explanation for sex differences in smiling.

Question 15

What is patient-centered communication, and how is it related to patient satisfaction?

Question 16

The same-sex play preference:

A) emerges at about age 5 for both boys and girls
B) emerges at about age 3 for girls and age 4 for boys
C) emerges at about age 3 for boys and age 4 for girls
D) emerges at about age 3 for both boys and girls

Question 17

Which of the follow describe boy's same-sex play?

A) prosocial dominance
B) egoistic dominance
C) both
D) neither

Question 18

The "gender segregation cycle" leads to:

A) increased stereotypic thinking
B) increased amount of time spent with same-sex peers
C) more negative attitudes toward the other sex
D) all of the above

Question 19

What is one reason for the same-sex play preference?

A) institutional support
B) boys and girls have different play styles
C) girls have difficulty influencing boys
D) all of the above

Question 20

Interacting with the same sex leads to:

A) larger sex differences in prosocial behavior
B) smaller differences in task behavior
C) smaller sex differences in competitive behavior
D) smaller sex differences in disagreement

Question 21

Are men or women more talkative?

A) men are more talkative than women in studies of children and adults
B) women are more talkative than me in studies of children and adults
C) women are more talkative than men among children, but men are more talkative than men among adults
D) men are more talkative than women among children, but women are more talkative than men among adults

Question 22

What is most useful in identifying the sex composition of the dyad?

A) the topic discussed
B) the language used
C) the nonverbal behavior displayed
D) none of the above are diagnostic

Question 23

Which best describes women's language?

A) succinct
B) elaborative
C) instrumental
D) direct

Question 24

Which of these sex differences is smaller in same-sex than mixed-sex dyads?

A) smiling
B) gazing
C) distance
D) none of the above

Question 25

Which is true about sex differences in smiling?

A) The sex difference is largest among elementary school children
B) The sex difference is larger for Europeans than African Americans
C) The sex difference is smaller in social settings
D) The sex difference is larger when people know they are being observed

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a moderator of sex differences in touch?

A) age
B) sex of recipient
C) relationship status
D) all are moderator variables

Question 27

What is the primary reason that women are more easily influenced than men?

A) women are less self-confident than men
B) women want to appear agreeable
C) people are more likely to agree with women
D) women are more expressive than men

Question 28

In which situation are men most likely to emerge as the leader?

A) after a brief interaction
B) after a lengthy interactions
C) when the most dominant person in the group is a female
D) when social leadership is needed

Question 29

Which of the following leadership styles characterizes women more than men?

A) transactional
B) transformational
C) laissez-faire
D) emotional

Question 30

The role congruity hypothesis states that leadership characteristics:

A) are congruent with the male gender role
B) are incongruent with the female gender role
C) are traditionally masculine and agentic
D) all of the above

Question 31

One way that females can counter the bias against them as leader is to:

A) display highly agentic traits
B) establish a shared identity with their audience
C) use a transactional style of leadership
D) all of the above

Question 32

Groups with female leaders:

A) have difficulties because group members do not take advantage of their expertise
B) are less trusted than groups with male leaders
C) outperform groups with male leaders
D) none of the above

Question 33

Which of the following is true about people's preference for a boss?

A) The majority of men and women have no preference with regard to the sex of their boss.
B) Females are more likely to prefer a male boss than a female boss
C) Females are more likely to prefer a female boss and males are more likely to prefer a male boss
D) Females have no preference for the sex of their boss, but males prefer a male boss

Question 34

When "on-line" measures of emotion are used:

A) women report more of all emotions than men
B) women report more of all emotions than men except anger
C) there are no sex differences in emotion reports
D) women report more moral emotions than men

Question 35

Women are more emotional than men when measures are:

A) physiological
B) retrospective recall
C) on-line measures
D) all of the above

Question 36

Which of the following emotions do men express more than women?

A) sadness
B) anger
C) happiness
D) none of the above

Question 37

Compared to male physicians, female physicians:

A) engage in more patient-centered communication
B) ask more questions about psychosocial issues
C) provide more encouragement
D) all of the above

Question 38

Expectations states theory

A) explains why we expect high status people to contribute more to a group than low status people
B) explains why we expect men to contribute more to a group than women
C) states that we have more positive evaluations of men's than women's abilities
D) all of the above

Question 39

Sex differences in nonverbal behaviors:

A) are typically attributed to differential status
B) are typically attributed to social roles
C) both of the above
D) neither of the above

Question 40

Which of the following are examples of tentative language?

A) hedges
B) qualifiers
C) disclaimers
D) all of the above