Deck 6: Achievement

Question 1

What is the "fear of success," and who is most likely to be vulnerable to it?

Answer 1

Fear of success is really the fear of negative consequences associated with success. The people most vulnerable to this fear are those who are most capable of achieving success and most worried about the negative consequences.

Question 2

Are women less confident than men?

Answer 2

It depends. First, women appear less confident than men on masculine tasks only. Second, it may be that women are concerned with how they appear to others and are purposely expressing low confidence as a form of modesty so as not to upset others. Third, it may not be so much that women are underconfident as men are overconfident.

Question 3

What does it mean when we say that "women are more responsive to feedback than men?"

Answer 3

Responsive to feedback means that feedback influences one's own self-perceptions. Positive feedback makes women assess their performance more positively, and negative feedback makes women assess their performance more negatively. These effects tend to be stronger in women than men-most notably for negative feedback.

Question 4

Discuss whether it is an advantage or disadvantage for women to be more responsive to feedback than men.

Question 5

Identify one moderator of the sex difference in self-esteem

Question 6

You are concerned that your son is going to experience stereotype threat in the writing portion of the SAT exam. What are three things you can do to help prevent this?

Question 7

What is the difference between a fixed and a growth mindset? Which is more strongly related to persistence?

Question 8

Do women always have a more interdependent self-construal?

Question 9

According to Deaux's expectancy model, what kind of attributions do women and make for a successful performance?

Question 10

What are the two facets of the expectancy/value model of achievement?

Question 11

According to the expectancy/value model, what are some of the reasons that women are less likely than men to pursue careers in STEM?

Question 12

What are some of the ways that parents might discourage their daughters to pursue math?

Question 13

In what ways do teachers respond differently to boys and girls in the classroom?

Question 14

What is wrong with a teacher complimenting a girls' appearance?

Question 15

Discuss the difficulties in studying the effects of single-sex education.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true about sex differences in educational achievement?

A) Women earn more college degrees than men.
B) Women earn more doctoral degrees than men.
C) Women earn more medical degrees than men.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 17

The fear of success is associating achievement with:

A) failure
B) negative consequences
C) being male
D) all of the above

Question 18

Which is a reason that women are more likely than men to leave STEM fields?

A) desire for greater job flexibility
B) lack of self-confidence in STEM
C) lack of female role models
D) all of the above

Question 19

Women's appearance of low self-confidence is:

A) limited to feminine tasks
B) is partly due to a desire to appear modest in front of others
C) non-existent
D) only apparent among Asians

Question 20

Women are more responsive to feedback than men:

A) because they view the information as more accurate
B) only when the task is masculine
C) to appease others.
D) All of the above

Question 21

For which of the following groups is there a sex difference in self-esteem?

A) White people
B) Black people
C) Hispanic people
D) A and C

Question 22

On which domain of self-esteem do women score higher than men?

A) physical appearance
B) behavioral conduct
C) athletic
D) none of the above

Question 23

In order for stereotype threat to be activated in women for the domain of math:

A) the sex difference has to be made explicit
B) the sex difference has to be nullified
C) women have to have weak math skills
D) none of the above

Question 24

Which of the following will reduce stereotype threat?

A) making the attribution for it unstable
B) dissociating one's identity from the stereotype
C) self-affirmation
D) all of the above

Question 25

If you were concerned about stereotype threat in regard to your daughter taking a math test, what advice would you give the test administrators?

A) Have people indicate their sex prior to taking the math test
B) Have people indicate their sex after taking the math test
C) Have people indicate their race prior to taking the math test
D) Have people take the tests in separate rooms

Question 26

Which self-construal is most strongly linked with being male?

A) interdependent self-construal
B) collective interdependence
C) relational interdependence
D) growth mindset

Question 27

According to the Deaux expectancy model, what kind of attribution would we expect women to make after failing a math test?

A) lack of effort
B) lack of ability
C) task difficulty
D) bad luck

Question 28

According to the expectancy/value model of achievement, achievement choices are a function of:

A) performance expectancies and values for both men and women
B) performance expectancies for men and values for women
C) performance expectancies for women and values for men
D) none of the above

Question 29

What is a way that parents socialize children to pursue different areas of achievement?

A) display different emotional reactions to performance in different areas
B) make different attributions for children's performance in different areas
C) provision of toys or opportunities to pursue different areas
D) all of the above

Question 30

Which of the following characterizes how teachers respond to boys as compared to girls?

A) criticism
B) cut answers short when they respond
C) call on less frequently
D) all of the above

Question 31

Which of the following is a scientifically justified reason for single-sex education?

A) There are sex differences in the human brain
B) Boys and girls have different styles of learning
C) Both are true
D) Neither are true

Question 32

The belief that competence can be changed is referred to as:

A) fixed mindset
B) growth mindset
C) entity theory
D) neuroplasticity

Question 33

Someone who has a self-serving bias would make which attribution for failure following an exam:

A) the test was too difficult
B) the teacher doesn't like me
C) I was having a bad day
D) All of the above

Question 34

One of the problems with the projective story-telling method for measuring fear of success was that:

A) It was not tested on men
B) It reflected people's awareness of stereotypes
C) The creativity instructions created demand characteristics
D) The experimenters were all men.

Question 35

The explanations for stereotype threat include:

A) Disidentification
B) Anxiety
C) Focused attention
D) Enhanced cognitive capacity