Deck 3: Gender-Role Attitudes

Question 1

What is a transitional gender ideology?

Answer 1

A person with a transitional ideology embraces some aspects of an egalitarian gender ideology, in which you believe that women and men should be treated the same, and some aspects of a traditional gender ideology, in which you believe that men's roles are outside the home and women's roles are inside the home.

Question 2

What is the difference between traditional sexism and modern sexism

Answer 2

Traditional sexism is an overt negative attitude toward women, whereas modern sexism is more subtle and typically based on the belief that sex discrimination no longer exists.

Question 3

What are two circumstances in which women are likely to score high on benevolent sexism?

Answer 3

--when women are in danger and in need of protection (e.g., countries where it is socially acceptable for women to be abused)
--when women feel uncomfortable refusing a man's help because he would be insulted

Question 4

President Obama was talking about the use of chemical weapons in Syria. He pointed out that "innocent women and children were being killed." What is this an example of (from class)?

Question 5

What are the potential problems with this statement?

Question 6

What are some predictors of homophobia and transphobia?

Question 7

What is the difference between the prescriptive and descriptive components of stereotypes?

Question 8

What is the difference between a target-based expectancy and a category-based expectancy?

Question 9

Give an example of how a gender-based stereotype can lead to a self-fulfilling prophency.

Question 10

How are people who hold stereotypes likely to respond when presented with counter-stereotypical information?

Question 11

Have stereotypes of gay men and lesbians changed over the years?

Question 12

Your grandmother believes that nurses should be women and not men. How can you change your grandmother's stereotype?

Question 13

What are some reasons that people backlash against gender incongruent behavior?

Question 14

What is the shifting standard and how does it relate to gender stereotypes?

Question 15

Why was Ann Hopkins denied partnership at Price Waterhouse?

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the three components of attitudes?

A) affect
B) intellect
C) cognition
D) behavior

Question 17

Which of the following is a behavioral component of an attitude towards gender?

A) Sex discrimination
B) Gender prejudice
C) Sex-role stereotypes
D) Sexism

Question 18

The statement, "Women and men can devote time to both work and home, but men should spend proportionally more time at work while women should spend more time at home," describes which gender ideology?

A) Egalitarian
B) Traditional
C) Nontraditional
D) Transitional

Question 19

Which of the following statements does not reflect traditional sexism?

A) Differential treatment of women and men
B) Antagonism to women's demands
C) Belief that men are more competent than women
D) Endorsement of traditional roles for women and men

Question 20

Which of the following is associated with modern sexism?

A) Underestimating women's difficulties in obtaining traditionally male-dominated jobs
B) Inability to detect sexist language
C) Women perceive work outside the home as an extension of their domestic roles
D) A and C
E) A and B

Question 21

The statement: "In a disaster, women ought to be rescued before men" is an example of what?

A) Radical feminism
B) Hostile sexism
C) Benevolent sexism
D) Conservatism

Question 22

Why is benevolent sexism harmful?

A) It makes men friendlier towards women because they feel like they have to be
B) It gives women more power over men
C) It is rooted in the belief that men are more competent than women and that women need men's help
D) It directly reinforces the idea that women's responsibilities lie in the home

Question 23

In an experiment where some women were exposed to benevolent sexism and others were exposed to hostile sexism, it was found that the women exposed to hostile sexism were more likely to participate in collective action (signing a petition to hire more female professors). What is the explanation for these effects?

A) The hostility they were exposed to scared them into signing the petition
B) Women exposed to the hostile condition had a lower gender system justification score
C) Women exposed to the hostile condition had a higher gender system justification score
D) Women exposed to the benevolent condition had a lower gender system justification score

Question 24

Which statement regarding benevolent sexism is the most accurate?

A) Women generally support benevolent sexism more than men
B) Men who score low in benevolent sexism usually score high in hostile sexism
C) Benevolent sexism is beneficial to women as a whole
D) Women support benevolent sexism because it has the appearance of positive attributes

Question 25

Men always paying for dinner instead of splitting the bill is an example of:

A) Benevolent sexism
B) Benevolent discrimination
C) Benevolent misandry
D) Benevolent prejudice

Question 26

Which of the following is not a source of sexism for both men and women?

A) Patriarchy
B) Sexual reproduction
C) Biological differences
D) Gender differentiation

Question 27

Transphobia is a revulsion and irrational fear of what group?

A) Transgender people
B) Crossdressers
C) Masculine women and feminine men
D) All of the above

Question 28

Which of the following regarding stereotype development in children is true?

A) At the age of 3, girls are more knowledgeable about stereotypes than boys of the same age
B) At the age of 3, boys are more knowledgeable about stereotypes than girls of the same age
C) By the age of 3, there is no difference between boys and girls in their knowledge about stereotypes
D) By the age of 3, boys and girls consolidate the information they have acquired and apply it rigidly to sex

Question 29

Which of the following is true about children during the third stage of stereotype development?

A) Children use individuating information rather than sex alone
B) Children eliminate gender stereotypes
C) Children use sex information rather than individuating information alone
D) Children begin displaying a preference for gender-stereotyped toys

Question 30

Which of the following stereotypes about feminists has been supported by scientific data?

A) Feminists hate men
B) Feminists have problems in relationships
C) Feminists are likely to be lesbian
D) None of the above

Question 31

When people display counterstereotypical behavior, they may be penalized. What is the name of this concept?

A) Reactance theory
B) Gender-role discrimination
C) Backlash effect
D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 32

Which of the following statements regarding stereotypes is false?

A) It is easier to disconfirm a stereotype feature when the behavior reflecting the stereotype is clear rather than ambiguous
B) It is easier to disconfirm positive traits over negative traits
C) It is easier to disconfirm a stereotype feature if the target person does not closely match the category
D) None of the above

Question 33

One study concluded that men who cry are viewed as more emotional than women who cry. This is an example of:

A) Prototype Approach
B) Shifting standard
C) Backlash
D) Stereotype-inconsistent attribution

Question 34

Which is true about stereotypes of bisexuals?

A) They are perceived to be asexual.
B) Stereotypes are endorsed by heterosexuals but not gay men or lesbians.
C) Stereotypes are rooted in the assumption of mononormativity.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 35

Which of the following is true about sex discrimination?

A) Both men and women perceive sex discrimination to be decreasing over time
B) Both men and women believe that women are more likely than men to be victims of sex discrimination
C) Women believe that discrimination of men has not changed over time, but men believe that discrimination of men has increased over time
D) All of the above

Question 36

Which is true about the intersectionality of stereotypes in terms of race and sex?

A) A black person is presumed to be male.
B) An Asian person is presumed to be female.
C) Black women are invisible.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 37

The statement, "The likelihood of a target being associated with a category depends on how well the target fits the category overall," applies to which concept?

A) The prototype approach to stereotypes
B) The backlash effect
C) Correspondent inference theory
D) Shifting standard

Question 38

Which of the following is correlated with homophobia?

A) religiosity
B) lack of contact with LGBT persons
C) authoritarianism
D) all of the above

Question 39

Which of the following is true about stereotypes towards gay men and lesbians?

A) They possess gender-role characteristics associated with the other sex
B) They are rated as less likeable when compared to someone who identifies as straight
C) The stereotype has decreased because liking has increased
D) The stereotype has decreased, but liking has not changed

Question 40

Who is most likely to use category-based expectancies about a child?

A) mothers
B) fathers
C) acquaintances
D) teachers