Deck 24: The Social Mold: Work and Society in the Nineteenth Century

Question 1

The dramatic growth of cities during the nineteenth century was caused primarily because of

A) the rise in industry and commerce.
B) the growth of railways.
C) the desire of more people to live in urban environments.
D) the cheaper food there than in the countryside.

Answer 1

the rise in industry and commerce.

Question 2

The primary way that many societies successfully removed children from the workforce was

A) legislation.
B) new moral strictures that saw child labor as abuse.
C) compulsory education.
D) government intervention in the home.

Answer 2

compulsory education.

Question 3

Two major producers of cotton during the nineteenth century were

A) Australia and West Africa.
B) the United States and China.
C) Argentina and Turkey.
D) India and Egypt.

Answer 3

India and Egypt.

Question 4

By the end of the nineteenth century,the largest number of long-range colonists were

A) British.
B) Chinese.
C) Indian.
D) Russian.

Question 5

Who wrote,"here is the slave,there is the master; there is the wealth of some,here is the poverty of most… Here humanity attains its most complete development and its most brutish"?

A) William Blake
B) Karl Marx
C) Alexis de Tocqueville
D) Samuel Smiles

Question 6

In Russia,serfdom was ended in 1861 because

A) it became widely recognized as morally wrong.
B) the ruling elite came to see it as a "backward" practice.
C) it was generally seen as inefficient.
D) of a general uprising by the peasantry.

Question 7

With the introduction of British rule in India,the traditional caste system became

A) less rigid.
B) the same as before.
C) more rigid.
D) outlawed.

Question 8

The San hunters in southern Africa survived from being overwhelmed during the nineteenth century because they

A) are protected by a treaty.
B) live in a harsh environment.
C) managed to effectively fight off Western colonists.
D) were moved to a reservation where they could be protected.

Question 9

Henry J.Heinz was "paternalistic" in the way that he treated his workers,in that he

A) provided them with recreation and uniforms.
B) paid them better than other workers in comparable jobs.
C) gave them housing in special areas near the factories.
D) gave his workers shares in the company.

Question 10

Economic liberals opposed slavery in the nineteenth century because they

A) believed that free people worked better.
B) thought that all people were equal.
C) argued that Jesus' message of universal love outlawed slavery.
D) felt that slaves were too expensive to be profitable.

Question 11

The rebellion of slaves in Haiti during the 1790s was inspired strongly by the ideology of

A) American revolutionaries.
B) British abolitionists.
C) French revolutionaries.
D) Dutch abolitionists.

Question 12

A common experience for agriculturalists in regions like India and West Africa that became primarily suppliers of cash crops such as cotton and palm oil was

A) remarkable prosperity because large numbers of the population were employed.
B) finding themselves at the mercy of a market that benefited a relative few.
C) a growth in the number of peasants owning land.
D) a drop in interest rates to encourage borrowing.

Question 13

Melbourne,Australia,went from a village in 1837 to a city of over 800,000 people in 1901 primarily because of the development of

A) mining in the country.
B) sheepherding in the country.
C) commercial shipping in the country.
D) textile production in the country.

Question 14

In 1900,almost all of the migrants to Siberia were

A) convict laborers.
B) coolie labor.
C) free immigrants.
D) political exiles.

Question 15

"Coolie" laborers were mainly

A) former African slaves.
B) from China and India.
C) child laborers working in the mines.
D) white slaves in the Middle East.

Question 16

In pre-industrial society,manufacturing work was often done

A) in large factories.
B) by a master craftsman and his apprentices.
C) with considerable numbers of relatively unskilled laborers.
D) in urban environments that were personally alienating and psychologically straining.

Question 17

The first country to outlaw the slave trade was

A) Britain.
B) Denmark.
C) France.
D) the United States.

Question 18

A feature from the natural world that was commonly used by painters and writers to compare with early factories was the

A) storm.
B) tornado.
C) tidal wave.
D) volcano.

Question 19

The main form of forced labor that replaced slavery was

A) convict labor.
B) coolie labor.
C) tenant farmers.
D) women and children.

Question 20

Agriculture in the American Midwest,Australia,and Argentina was prosperous because

A) these areas had large populations that were engaged in farming.
B) farmers in these areas benefited from the mechanization of agricultural production.
C) these regions could produce meat and grain with methods that involved relatively little labor.
D) these areas had ready access to markets superior to those of African and Asian farmers.

Question 21

Karl Marx predicted that socialist revolution would first break out in

A) the United States.
B) Britain.
C) Germany.
D) Russia.

Question 22

How did life in industrial cities change over the course of the nineteenth century?

Question 23

The most important factor in the destruction of many pastoralist communities around the world during the nineteenth century was

A) the automobile.
B) the railroad.
C) the telegraph.
D) the machine gun.

Question 24

One way that nineteenth century non-Westerners did not commonly adopt Western culture was

A) by adopting Western dress.
B) learning European manners.
C) building in European architectural styles.
D) learning English.

Question 25

Between 1890 and 1920,the number of people added to the population of the United States through immigration was about

A) 11 million.
B) 18 million.
C) 26 million.
D) 35 million.

Question 26

What were the political positions and implications that emerged from the different reactions to industrialization?

Question 27

Which of the following was NOT a strategy commonly employed by the British aristocracy to weather the collapse of land prices?

A) marriage to wealthy Americans
B) mining of coal and iron ore on their estates
C) investing in banks and railways
D) subsidizing musical theater

Question 28

What changed in the work environment as a result of industrialization?

Question 29

What happened to the practice of slavery around the world over the course of the nineteenth century?

Question 30

In the 1880s,the Native American peoples were removed from areas where gold had been discovered by

A) moving them to reservations.
B) the spread of disease.
C) systematically killing them.
D) forcing them onto small parcels of land to become farmers.

Question 31

How did Qusim Amin justify women's right to education and participation in public life in nineteenth century Egypt?

A) by comparing women's situation to that of women in France and the United States
B) by arguing that women's rights were consistent with Muslim teachings on polygamy, arbitrary divorce, and arranged marriages
C) by trying to convince his peers that women should enter politics
D) by justifying women's rights by comparing interpretations from Islam and Christianity

Question 32

What were the positive and negative reactions to the changes brought about by industrialization?

Question 33

A primary cause for the development of time standards for the entire globe was

A) a desire for uniformity.
B) the railroad.
C) European imperial domination.
D) the telegraph.

Question 34

An important social development in 1870s Japan was

A) the abolition of the military draft.
B) the abolition of samurai privileges.
C) the rise of the warrior caste.
D) the refusal of the gentry to hold civil service positions.

Question 35

In The Theory of the Leisure Class,Thorstein Veblen argued that

A) inherited wealth defined a new American aristocracy.
B) membership in the new American "aristocracy" was based on individual merit, not inherited wealth.
C) American heiresses should enhance their social position by marrying members of the landed British aristocracy.
D) the pursuit of leisure led to the decline of the American economy.

Question 36

What effects did industrialization have on the working conditions of agriculturalists and miners during this period?

Question 37

Which of the following works of literature satirizes the rise of the British "New Rich" in the mid-19ᵗʰ century?

A) Mercy
B) The Marquess of Bute
C) The Cherry Orchard
D) Our Mutual Friend

Question 38

What changes occurred for serfs and other forced laborers during this period?

Question 39

How did industrialization in a few parts of the world promote urban growth in many other areas?

Question 40

A good example of cultural exchange during the nineteenth century is

A) the popularity in Europe of clothing manufactured in India.
B) Chinese interest in Indian tea.
C) the popularity in Europe of coffee and tobacco produced in China.
D) the European fascination with Japanese dress and music.

Question 41

How did patterns of human migration change during the nineteenth century?

Question 42

How were the lives of the elites in different countries transformed by industrialization?

Question 43

What types of new cultural exchanges occurred as a result of the new economy that developed during the nineteenth century?

Question 44

What were the social and economic impacts of massive migration in the nineteenth century?

Question 45

What advantages did elites have in adapting to new conditions? What barriers did they face?
In Perspective

Question 46

With the rise of the industrial factory also came attempts to structure,regulate and brighten the daily lives and social experiences of workers in some factory communities.To what extent did the efforts and social outcomes of experiments by entrepreneurs such as Heinz and Pullman achieve this goal?

Question 47

Which do you think was more important in ending slavery: economic incentives or moral attitudes? What evidence is there for each position?

Question 48

How did definitions of who belonged to the elite change during the nineteenth century,and how did those who belonged to traditional elites react?

Question 49

How did the massive migration of free labor reshape the world's labor force?

Question 50

Write an essay that explains how and why the ideological imperative to ban the slave trade was so slowly translated into the actual abolition of slavery in the Americas.

Question 51

What effect did industrialization have on social changes during the nineteenth century?

Question 52

What effects did these changes have on pastoral peoples?