Deck 9: Constructing Gender and Sexuality

Question 1

According to Talcott Parsons's understanding of the different roles that family members play,which of the following examples could be associated with the expressive role?

A) A mother providing love, care, and affection to her husband and children
B) A father providing for his family by paying the rent and household bills
C) A grandmother babysitting her grandchildren while both parents work
D) A daughter refusing to do homework after school

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What do functionalists generally believe to be true about gender?

A) Some social roles are better suited to one gender than the other.
B) Men maintain control of the most valuable social roles.
C) The current system of gender stratification is based on conflict.
D) Gender is constructed and maintained through everyday actions.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A person's self-conception of being male or female based on his or her association with masculine or feminine gender roles can be defined as:

A) Sexual orientation
B) Gender identity
C) Transgender
D) Sexual attitudes

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Patriarchy can be defined as:

A) a society in which women and men share equal access to positions of prestige, power, and control over the means of production
B) a society in which women are dominated by men
C) a society that privileges women's experiences over those of men
D) a society that seeks to equalize men's and women's access in the workplace

Question 5

What is one of the ways that "Agnes," a transgender woman who was born with male genitalia and raised as a boy before undergoing sex-reassignment treatment,managed to pass as female in public?

A) She made brief, meaningless interactions with other people.
B) She learned to show deference to her male boss.
C) She rejected the expectations of her boyfriend and his family members.
D) She dressed exclusively in long, flowing dresses and wore wigs.

Question 6

feminist theory has contributed to our understanding of gender by supporting the claim that:

A) gender is no longer an influence on social life.
B) gender inequality is rooted in biological differences between men and women.
C) women continue to have unequal positions in society, as reflected in the ways their contributions have been written out of history books.
D) only women in positions of power can achieve gender equality.

Question 7

How do most sociologists differentiate between sex and gender?

A) Sex is biological; gender is social.
B) Both relate to genetics, but hormones have a greater influence on gender.
C) Sex is genetic; gender is about primary and secondary sex characteristics.
D) Gender is biological; sex is social.

Question 8

How many babies out of every thousand are born intersex?

A) 100
B) 17
C) 35
D) 10

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a microaggression?

A) A pregnant woman who is not given paid maternity leave by her employer
B) Men who whistle at and catcall a woman who is walking down the street
C) An employer who pays his female employees less than his male employees
D) A sports team that refuses to allow female athletes to play

Question 10

What do the examples of "third gender" that are explored in "Global Perspective: Different Societies,Different Genders" demonstrate?

A) Sex and gender in some non-Western cultures defy the binary classification of male and female.
B) Gender expression is more important than biological sex.
C) Sociologists and anthropologists are important actors in the creation of gender expression.
D) The hijras of South Asia are the equivalent of transgender persons in the Western context.

Question 11

Why are doctors and parents so quick to seek a surgical "fix" for babies who are born intersex?

A) Intersex babies face serious health risks later in life.
B) In Western society, the prospect of an ambiguously sexed person seems threatening and disturbing.
C) Doctors and parents can always tell the sex a baby was meant to be.
D) It is impossible to change a baby's sex later in life.

Question 12

The perspective in sociology that is concerned with how gender is constructed and maintained in our everyday lives is known as:

A) Essentialism
B) Interactionism
C) Conflict theory
D) feminism

Question 13

In the 1940s and 1950s,Alfred Kinsey surveyed Americans to find out about their sexual behavior.His findings were important because they:

A) challenged the view that Americans were either exclusively heterosexual or homosexual.
B) concluded that most Americans were asexual.
C) challenged the belief that Americans were heterosexual.
D) challenged the belief that sexuality can change over the course of a person's life.

Question 14

Some people believe that women are better suited to be homemakers because they are naturally more caring and emotional than men.What perspective is being expressed in this statement?

A) An essentialist perspective
B) A social constructionist perspective
C) A macro perspective
D) An interactionist perspective

Question 15

When describing transgender people,some newspapers,magazines,and other media tend to use gender-inappropriate names or pronouns,as well as other language that trans persons find insensitive or offensive.This is an example of:

A) homophobia
B) microaggression
C) sexism
D) patriarchy

Question 16

The belief that the lived experiences of women and men differ as a result of biological differences is called:

A) Gender theory
B) Social constructionism
C) Transsexuality
D) Essentialism

Question 17

What two complementary roles did the functionalist Talcott Parsons identify within the family?

A) Conflicting and conciliatory
B) Instrumental and expressive
C) Interactionist and noninteractionist
D) Biological and social

Question 18

In April 2015,Olympic gold medalist and former "World's Greatest Athlete" Bruce Jenner announced that: "for all intents and purposes,I am a woman." Jenner discussed transitioning with Diane Sawyer in a special two-hour edition of the ABC News show 20/20.In the interview,Jenner stated: "As of now,I have all the male parts,but I still identify as female." What does this tell you about gender identity?

A) for many people, primary sex characteristics do not define gender.
B) The transgender community has accepted the principle of human sexual dimorphism.
C) Gender identity is often not fully formed until adulthood.
D) Public displays of gender are more important than private displays.

Question 19

According to conflict theory,why are women's contributions to family life devalued?

A) The resources provided by men are ultimately more valuable than those provided by women.
B) When no one plays the expressive role, family life remains the same.
C) Women are entering the workforce in greater numbers.
D) As a social group, men benefit from maintaining their dominant status.

Question 20

Most sociologists argue that gender is a social construction,and they acknowledge the possibility that binary male-female categories are not the only way of classifying individuals.This perspective is called:

A) a constructionist perspective
B) an essentialist perspective
C) a macro perspective
D) biological determinism

Question 21

How do the incomes of single fathers compare with those of single mothers?

A) They are about the same.
B) Single fathers make more money than single mothers in urban areas but not in rural areas.
C) Single mothers with only one child make more money than single fathers, but not mothers with more children.
D) Single fathers make considerably more money than single mothers.

Question 22

The second-wave feminist movement was associated with the issue of:

A) gaining voting rights for women.
B) women's equal access to employment and education.
C) rights of women in the Third World.
D) marginalization of black women.

Question 23

Why do men usually make more money than women?

A) Men are naturally predisposed to competition.
B) Men tend to have higher levels of testosterone, which gives them an edge in the business world.
C) Employers understand that men are usually their families' breadwinners.
D) Socially constructed categories of employment lead to larger numbers of men than women in many lucrative jobs.

Question 24

for what category of crime are women more likely to be arrested than men?

A) Burglary
B) Embezzlement
C) Prostitution
D) Theft

Question 25

Which of the following health disorders occurs more often in women than in men?

A) Heart disease
B) Cancer
C) Type 1 diabetes
D) Depression

Question 26

At what age do babies become aware of their own gender?

A) Age two
B) When they begin attending school
C) Age six weeks
D) When they start walking

Question 27

The names given to positions of power and authority,like "chairman" and "policeman," often emphasize the male gender.Why does this matter?

A) The names imply that one gender is more suited for a particular job than the other.
B) The names are confusing, because more and more women are entering these professions.
C) It doesn't really matter what words are used to describe a position.
D) The names help deter men from entering into incompatible fields.

Question 28

Why don't girls,who tend to get better grades than boys,translate their advantage into material success after graduation?

A) They tend to flaunt authority.
B) They are typically credited for hard work rather than intellectual ability.
C) They are poorly socialized.
D) They don't work as hard as males.

Question 29

In her ethnography of high school boys titled Dude,You're a fag,sociologist C.J.Pascoe found that boys often use homophobic slurs toward each other in an effort to define masculinity for themselves and other boys.This is an example of:

A) the influence that peers can have as agents of socialization
B) the inability of school officials to manage the behavior of young boys
C) the prestige that boys have over girls in schools
D) the consequences that all-boys schools can have on male behavior

Question 30

Approximately what percentage of inmates in correctional institutions are men?

A) 62.5 percent
B) 90 percent
C) 47 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 31

In terms of health and life expectancy between men and women,what is "the great equalizer"?

A) Smoking
B) Handguns
C) College education
D) Heart disease

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of how teachers treat boys and girls differently in a classroom setting?

A) Boys are less likely than girls to be called on in class.
B) Boys are more likely than girls to be punished for misbehaving.
C) Boys are given less praise than girls for the intellectual quality of their work.
D) Boys are naturally better at math and science, so teachers call on them more.

Question 33

In the workplace,aggressive men are often described as "go-getters," but aggressive women are often described as "bitches." This is an example of:

A) gender role socialization
B) microaggression
C) romanticism
D) male liberationism

Question 34

At what point in children's school careers do gender norms become firmly established?

A) By first grade
B) By the sophomore year of high school
C) By fifth grade
D) Before the end of high school

Question 35

from an interactionist perspective,what is the most important way that schools socialize children into their gender identities?

A) By forcing schoolchildren to wear uniforms
B) By exposing children to mass media
C) By punishing children for minor violations of gender norms on the playground
D) Through interactions between teachers and students

Question 36

When does gender role socialization begin?

A) At birth
B) Around puberty
C) When children begin attending school
D) Before birth

Question 37

One reason women are more likely than men to live in poverty is the expense of child care.How do sociologists explain the relationship between poverty rates and child care costs?

A) Women are more likely to be responsible for the "second shift."
B) There are more single women who have sole financial responsibility for their children than single men.
C) Married couples tend to divide their expenses, and women are more likely to be responsible for child care.
D) Women tend to take the expressive role.

Question 38

The changing representation of LGBTQ people in the media,such as their greater inclusion and more positive treatment on television shows,can lead us to conclude that:

A) LGBTQ people have achieved equal status with heterosexual people
B) The media representation of LGBTQ people is slowly changing to reflect increasing tolerance toward them
C) Heterosexual people want LGBTQ people to be equally represented in the media
D) LGBTQ people now control major media channels

Question 39

Women are more likely than men to live in poverty,a situation often referred to as:

A) the wages of sin.
B) the double standard.
C) the feminization of poverty.
D) third-wave feminism.

Question 40

Laura Miller's 1997 study of gender harassment in the military found that:

A) men were more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees, whereas women were more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants.
B) men were more likely to be harassed by their drill sergeants, whereas women were more likely to be harassed by their fellow trainees.
C) women were most often harassed by their superior officers.
D) men were more likely to report being the object of unwanted gender harassment.

Question 41

What criticism do third-wave feminists commonly level against the first two waves of feminism?

A) They marginalized the concerns of women of color, lesbians, and working-class women.
B) They included too many men.
C) They focused too much on jobs and the economy.
D) They compromised too much with men's rights groups.

Question 42

In The Mismeasure of Women,social psychologist Carol Tavris argues that there is nothing "universal and nonvarying . . .in the natures of men and women." If you agree with her,you would have to reject the concept of:

A) essentialism
B) queer theory
C) symbolic interactionism
D) social construction

Question 43

A five-year-old boy hurts himself while playing with his toys and immediately begins to cry.His father walks over to him and says: "Don't be a sissy,boys don't cry." This is an example of:

A) Gender role socialization
B) Sexism
C) Transphobia.
D) Gender inequality

Question 44

With what issue is first-wave feminism most strongly associated?

A) Women's suffrage
B) Women's education and equality in the classroom
C) Equal opportunity for women in the workplace
D) Women's reproductive rights

Question 45

While shopping for clothes,a black woman is followed around the store by a white sales associate.frustrated,she leaves the store and decides to go home.Her husband,on seeing her enter the house,asks: "What's for dinner?" What concept could we as sociologists use to understand her experiences,both in the store and at home?

A) Gender inequality
B) Intersectionality
C) Second-wave feminism
D) feminization of poverty

Question 46

In 2009,South African track star Caster Semenya broke the world record in the 800-meter race.Subsequently,she was asked to prove to the world that she was a woman,and the International Association of Athletics federations (IAAf)subjected her to a complex series of tests that included physical and medical examinations.The controversy over Semenya's gender raises which of the following issues?

A) The IAAf is perpetuating gender inequality in sports.
B) Gender does not vary across cultures.
C) The controversy surrounding Semenya is essentialist, reducing womanhood to a series of biological traits that can be tested and analyzed.
D) Medical and other physical examinations are often necessary to determine gender.

Question 47

Medical research has demonstrated that individuals who have higher levels of testosterone are more assertive,dominant,and competitive.However,as the social psychologist Allan Mazur noticed in his study of chess competitions,testosterone levels rose in chess players before a match and then rose again in the match's winner,but they fell in the loser.What does this suggest about the origin of gender?

A) Hormones play a much larger role in gender than is usually acknowledged.
B) Nature is the most important factor in determining gender.
C) Gender is completely social in origin, and our bodies are simply arbitrary vessels for society to guide.
D) Gender comes from an interaction between biology and social contexts.

Question 48

Looking at Table 9.3 ("Selected Occupations by Gender,2014"),what conclusion can be drawn about gendered occupations?

A) As men enter professions that were once dominated by women, "pink-collar jobs" will be considered more desirable by society.
B) Men tend to be overrepresented in jobs that require mental labor.
C) Men outnumber women in occupations that entail prestige and higher salaries.
D) Women and men are similarly represented in occupations that require a college degree.

Question 49

What term was used by nineteenth-century explorers and missionaries to describe Native Americans who were neither male nor female but somehow both?

A) Transsexuals
B) Berdaches
C) Transvestites
D) Queers

Question 50

What was the first network television show to feature a lesbian lead character?

A) Ellen
B) Queer Eye for the Straight Guy
C) Will & Grace
D) The Homosexuals

Question 51

In the opening pages of The feminine Mystique,Betty friedan wrote about a problem that "lay buried,unspoken,for many years in the minds of American women." What was this problem?

A) Women didn't have the right to vote.
B) The media imposed unrealistic beauty standards upon women.
C) Women experienced dissatisfaction with traditional gender roles.
D) Employers actively discriminated against women based on their gender.

Question 52

Why might LGBTQ rights groups be predisposed to believe that homosexuality has a genetic origin?

A) They want to emphasize the importance of difference.
B) They believe that sexuality is closely related to a person's relationship with his or her mother.
C) They believe that if sexual orientation is something we are born with, then discrimination against gays and lesbians is much less acceptable.
D) Gays and lesbians are predisposed to believe in science.

Question 53

Which of the following groups argues that men suffer discrimination as a result of feminism?

A) The Republican Party
B) The men's rights movement
C) Third-wave feminists
D) Gay and lesbian groups

Question 54

In 2006,New York City announced that it was moving forward with a plan to allow transgender residents to change the sex listed on their birth certificates if they had lived in their adopted gender for at least two years;no physiological change or medical authorization would be required.How is New York City defining gender?

A) New York is separating gender from sex.
B) New York is accepting the principle of human sexual dimorphism.
C) New York is taking an essentialist approach.
D) New York is assuming that gender is stable over time.

Question 55

A same-sex couple holding hands or kissing in public may receive disapproving looks or even abusive comments from other people.This is an example of:

A) misogyny.
B) homophobia.
C) transphobia.
D) sexism.

Question 56

In 2012,according to United Nations estimates,what percentage of human trafficking victims were exploited as sex slaves?

A) 75 percent
B) 80 percent
C) 60 percent
D) 85 percent

Question 57

The Intersex Society of North America recommends that "surgeries done to make the genitals look 'more normal' should not be performed until a child is mature enough to make an informed decision for herself or himself." Usually,doctors would always try to involve a patient in his or her treatment,so why is this advice necessary?

A) There are serious health risks associated with being born intersex that must always be addressed immediately.
B) So few people are born intersex that no one knows about them.
C) In our society, the prospect of an ambiguously sexed person seems so threatening that surgical procedures are performed long before a child is old enough to know what is happening.
D) Intersex is based on secondary, not primary, sex characteristics, and these won't develop until later in life.

Question 58

Margaret Mead,an American anthropologist,spent much of her career documenting the ways in which other cultures had gender roles that differed,sometimes radically,from those of twentieth-century America.Why does this matter?

A) It shows that the American version of gender roles is the most advanced in the world.
B) It shows that the meaning of masculinity and femininity differs in different societies, which demonstrates that our version of gender is not naturally occurring.
C) It shows that the physical environment determines gender.
D) It shows that gender is either male or female from birth to death and that there are no other options.

Question 59

Social movements that are organized around a belief in the social,political,and economic equality of the sexes are called:

A) sexism
B) interactionism
C) queer theory
D) feminism

Question 60

Sociologists who study gender in rural areas have noticed that even though everyone in a family has to work on the farm,there is only one person,usually a male,called the "farmer"-the position with the most prestige.This means that rural areas are:

A) guilty of forcing women to work the "second shift."
B) relatively gender neutral compared to urban areas.
C) patriarchal.
D) feminist.

Question 61

The indie rock musician Antony Hegarty has always identified as transgender but has never taken medical steps to change her sex.During one tour,she performed a live cover of "Crazy in Love," originally recorded by the pop superstar Beyoncé.At the end of one performance of the song,she laughed and said,"Who says I'm not a teenage girl?" Although she might have been joking,her words suggest that:

A) primary sex characteristics always have a stranglehold on our gender identity, determining how we will be classified and how we classify ourselves.
B) although gender is socially constructed, by our teen years our gender identity is almost set in stone.
C) society develops the gender roles that will be most useful in maintaining equilibrium.
D) some individuals' sense of self and gender identity differ from their physical sex.

Question 62

In The feminine Mystique,Betty friedan wrote: Each suburban wife struggled with it alone.As she made the beds,shopped for groceries,matched slipcover material,ate peanut butter sandwiches with her children,chauffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies,lay beside her husband at night-she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question-"Is this all?"
What larger social issue does this passage suggest friedan was worried about?

A) Access to education and employment
B) Suffrage
C) Race and difference
D) Homophobia

Question 63

"Welfare queen" is an insulting term for a woman who is believed to be cheating the government by collecting excessive welfare payments.Although empirical research indicates that very little welfare fraud actually takes place,what nugget of sociological truth is contained in the phrase "welfare queen"?

A) Women are far more likely to cheat and steal than men.
B) People who use welfare to its fullest extent tend to live very well, as indicated by the word "queen."
C) The use of the word "queen" reminds us that women are more likely than men to live in poverty.
D) The use of the word "queen" accurately describes the population that is on welfare, which includes many gay men and transgender people.

Question 64

In 1848 Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca falls Convention to address the issue of equal rights for women.The convention produced a Declaration of Sentiments,which laid out a list of injustices done to women by men.Given your knowledge of the first wave of the women's movement,which of the following do you think was first on their list?

A) "He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns."
B) "He has created a false public sentiment by giving to the world a different code of morals for men and women, by which moral delinquencies which exclude women from society are not only tolerated, but deemed of little account in man."
C) "He has never permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise."
D) "He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead."

Question 65

Homer Simpson,a character on the TV show The Simpsons,has a wife who stays home to take care of the children while he works,but he is often responsible for disciplining the children when they are particularly bad.Even if this is all that you know about the show,you know that Homer:

A) represents the average American man.
B) contributes to the feminization of poverty.
C) has taken the instrumental role.
D) is, by definition, sexist.

Question 66

You are observing children on an elementary school playground and find some girls playing sports with boys but almost no boys playing jump rope with girls.Why?

A) Children are mocked by their peers for crossing gender lines, and boys are mocked more than girls.
B) Boys develop more slowly than girls, and therefore they tend to not be good at jump rope when they're in elementary school.
C) Boys are more naturally suited for the physical competition of sports, whereas girls excel at the sort of cooperation that goes into activities like jump rope.
D) Parents have instructed their children to avoid any cross-gender playground activities, because they fear that it will lead to their children being labeled "abnormal."

Question 67

According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,replacing a housewife with paid laborers would cost at least $100,000 per year.How could this be interpreted according to conflict theory?

A) The instrumental role is more valuable than the expressive role.
B) Domestic work is a highly functional adaptation that produces gender equality within a family.
C) Men have a great deal to lose if gender segregation disappears.
D) Gender inequality is mostly produced and reproduced through interaction.

Question 68

In her introduction to a paper about gender,the sociologist Rae Blumberg said that the central principle behind gender in our society is "remember the golden rule: he who has the gold makes the rules." What kind of theorist is Blumberg?

A) A theorist who focuses on language and interaction
B) A conflict theorist
C) A functionalist
D) A symbolic interactionist

Question 69

for many years,Saturday Night Live ran a series of skits about a character named Pat.The premise of each skit was that no one could tell if Pat was male or female,and ingenious plots to determine his or her gender all failed.The humor in these skits is based on the fact that:

A) men have historically had access to most of society's material resources and privileges; consequently, they generally seek to maintain their dominant status.
B) gender identity is so important to our social selves that we can barely interact with anyone without first determining that person's gender.
C) Pat was trying to avoid being classified as a woman, because expressive and instrumental roles may be complementary but the social rewards for filling them are far from equal.
D) transgender and gender-nonconforming people are challenging old ideas about the relationship between sex and gender.

Question 70

A boy receives a B+ on his English paper,with the teacher's comment,"Brilliant insight,but you're lacking focus and have some typos." How is this typical of the way schools treat boys?

A) Boys are given more challenging assignments than girls.
B) Boys are more likely to be punished for horseplay and hyperactivity than girls.
C) Boys are judged mostly on the basis of their effort.
D) Boys are more likely to receive praise for the intellectual quality of their work than girls.

Question 71

Which of the following folk sayings expresses the idea of the "second shift" as sociologist Arlie Hochschild described it?

A) "A wife that does not know how to keep house throws out more with a teaspoon than a man can bring in with a shovel."
B) "Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater."
C) "A woman has to be twice as good as a man to be regarded as half as clever."
D) "Man works from sun to sun, but woman's work is never done."

Question 72

Whenever a certain math teacher writes story problems,the male characters are always given an occupation-like Bob the janitor or James the lawyer-but the female characters have no occupation.This is an example of:

A) the way schools socialize children into gender roles.
B) the way men are associated with blue-collar work.
C) the way boys are given credit for intellectual ability, whereas girls are given credit for hard work.
D) the fact that more women than men are now graduating from college.

Question 73

Authors often use the word "man" to refer to large groups that include both male and female members-for example,"all mankind." Sociologists and feminists argue that this is an example of the use of sexist language.What does this tell us about the relationship between language and culture?

A) Language is shaped by culture, and the use of nonsexist words is a signal of social change.
B) Language shapes culture, so using gender-neutral language facilitates social change.
C) Language can change culture, but only in negative ways that increase sexism and discrimination.
D) Culture can only be transformed through material and economic change, not through any connection to language.

Question 74

A woman feels that she always needs to act cheerful and look her best when her husband gets home from work,because he has a stressful job and he needs her help to unwind.We would say this woman is:

A) living outside the gender dichotomy.
B) taking on the instrumental role.
C) taking on the expressive role.
D) a second-wave feminist.

Question 75

Many expectant parents get a sonogram to find out the sex of their baby,and they only start decorating the nursery after learning the sex.This is an example of:

A) gender role socialization.
B) conflict theory.
C) passing.
D) heteronormativity.

Question 76

The term "deadbeat dad" describes a man who isn't married to his children's mother and isn't helping to support his children financially.Why do we almost never talk about "deadbeat moms"?

A) Men are punished far more harshly than women for violating gender norms.
B) The legal system is biased in favor of men when it comes to divorce and custody cases.
C) Mothers usually remain the primary caregiver even when fathers don't take the instrumental role.
D) Women are not judged as harshly as men for abandoning their children.

Question 77

In the past,bank tellers were overwhelmingly male,but today they are mostly female.What could explain this shift?

A) Changes in technology made the work easier and less important, which drove down the wages and prestige accorded to the job.
B) The gendered division of labor has increasingly spread to areas of the economy that used to be gender neutral.
C) Banks are more heavily regulated by the government than they were in the past, making them more likely to be sexist.
D) The banking industry is much more important in today's globalized economy, and this added prestige draws more women to the job.

Question 78

Older women who seek out sexual relationships with younger men are sometimes called "cougars," but we don't even have a word for men who seek out sexual relationships with younger women.Some people might joke that we call them "men." What does this show us about gender and language?

A) It shows that authority, not gender, dictates how language and culture work.
B) It is an example of an effort to use gender-neutral language, because we don't say "cougaress."
C) It shows that language can be used to reinforce sexist ideas-in this case, that women are not supposed to seek out relationships with younger men but it is OK for men to seek out relationships with younger women.
D) It shows that times have changed and that it no longer matters if a woman is in a relationship with a younger man.

Question 79

A little girl notices that whenever both of her parents are in the car,her father is always driving.from this she deduces that women should be passive and men should be active.This process is called:

A) sexism
B) expressive work
C) social learning
D) gender inequality

Question 80

In the vast majority of commercials that advertise cleaning supplies,a woman is shown using the product.This shows that:

A) men never really do any cleaning.
B) women watch more television than men.
C) women's behavior is more easily altered by the media.
D) The media portrays gender roles in highly stereotypical ways.