Deck 9: Crisis Management: Hostage Dynamics

Question 1

The risk of injury and death is greater in which type of incidents?

A) True hostage incidents
B) Non-hostage incidents
C) Semi-hostage incidents
D) None of the above

Answer 1

Non-hostage incidents

Question 2

In true hostage incidents, hostages are leverage

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Non-hostage incidents are usually _________________ incidents.

A) Accidental
B) Victimless
C) Domestic
D) Random

Answer 3

Domestic

Question 4

It takes a(n) _________________ to make an incident a hostage incident.

A) Inanimate object
B) Living person
C) Piece of property
D) All of the above

Question 5

In most hostage incidents, explicit threats revolve around:

A) Loss of property
B) Loss of life
C) Loss of status
D) Loss of belonging to a community

Question 6

A hostage is traumatized and made to feel powerless and ____________ on/of the hostage taker.

A) Independent
B) In charge
C) Demanding
D) Dependent

Question 7

Part of the negotiator's job is to ______________ the hostage for the hostage taker.

A) Objectify
B) Impersonate
C) Direct
D) Personalize

Question 8

As the hostage situation progresses, the Stockholm Syndrome becomes less of a survival reaction and more of a(n):

A) Coping and adaptation response
B) Anger and frustration response
C) Negative feeling response
D) All of the above

Question 9

Even following their release, the ex-hostages can remain victim to the psychological reaction of captivity.

Question 10

How many components to Stockholm Syndrome were discussed in the text?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 11

According to Stockholm Syndrome theory, with time, individual autonomy disappears and is replaced by:

A) Fearful leadership
B) Small group clustering
C) Group cohesiveness
D) Hostage-taker reasoning

Question 12

To prevent long-term effects of Stockholm Syndrome, a(n) _____________ with hostages can reduce the time to minutes in most cases.

A) Emotional debriefing
B) Emotionless debriefing
C) Pep-talk
D) Strategic debriefing

Question 13

Which of the following is a psychological effect of being held captive?

A) Overwhelming helplessness
B) Existential fear
C) Sensory input overload
D) All of the above

Question 14

According to the authors, during a hostage situation, hostages see themselves as _______

A) Leverage
B) Disposable
C) Victims of circumstance
D) None of the above

Question 15

The text cited that _______ percent of hostages may hallucinate due to the stress of the situation.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 75
D) 80

Question 16

A person with a histrionic personality type tends to be:

A) Outgoing
B) Rambunctious
C) Dramatic
D) None of the above

Question 17

Which personality type is motivated by a need for perfection and social acceptance?

A) The dependent personality
B) The narcissistic personality
C) The avoidant personality
D) The compulsive personality

Question 18

________________ are those unconscious psychological responses that reduce danger and anxiety during captivity.

A) Coping mechanisms
B) Neural impulses
C) Defense mechanisms
D) All of the above

Question 19

This is a defense mechanism whereby the hostage removes the emotional components of captivity, and uses reason and logic to understand what is happening and what is likely to happen in the future.

A) Counter-phobic reaction
B) Humor
C) Creative elaboration
D) Intellectualization

Question 20

Which of these reactions is considered a negative defense mechanism?

A) Intellectualization
B) Counter-phobic reaction
C) Humor
D) Creative elaboration

Question 21

________________ is when the hostage uses innovation to continually shift and alter his or her behavior, adjusting to the situation as it evolves and develops.

A) Coping
B) Genius
C) Humor
D) Flowing

Question 22

Removing the emotional content of captivity is known as:

A) Rationalization
B) Controlling emotions
C) Role rehearsal
D) Relinquishing control

Question 23

Research has shown that people who are held hostage for as little as _________ hours suffer the aftereffects of trauma.

A) Eight
B) Four
C) Twelve
D) Twenty-four

Question 24

Which of these is a common manifestation of PTSD?

A) Increased anxiety levels
B) Insecurity in one's ability to think and function in the world
C) Increase or decrease in aggression
D) All of the above

Question 25

The role of the negotiator is to be a long-term caregiver to hostages suffering from PTSD.