Deck 12: Functionalism

Question 1

This pioneer in testing began to gather normative data on the problem-solving abilities of children and to intelligence-test items directly related to daily life.

A)James McKeen Cattell
B)Leta Stetter Hollingworth
C)G. Stanley Hall
D)Alfred Binet

Answer 1

Alfred Binet

Question 2

The term mental tests was coined by

A)William James
B)John Dewey
C)James McKeen Cattell
D)Leta Stetter Hollingworth

Answer 2

James McKeen Cattell

Question 3

_____ was primarily concerned with mental activity, defined as "the acquisition, fixation, retention, organization, and evaluation of experiences and their subsequent utilization in the guidance of conduct."

A)John Dewey
B)Harvey A. Carr
C)James Rowland Angell
D)Robert Sessions Woodworth

Answer 3

Harvey A. Carr

Question 4

_____ argued that functionalism had been in existence since Aristotle began to investigate the operations rather than the mere stuff of mental experience.

A)John Dewey
B)Harvey A. Carr
C)James Rowland Angell
D)Robert Sessions Woodworth

Question 5

The major classic exposition of functionalism was set forth in an article entitled "The Province of Functional Psychology" by

A)John Dewey
B)Harvey A. Carr
C)James Rowland Angell
D)Robert Sessions Woodworth

Question 6

_______ extended many of the concepts of functionalism into the field of education. He argued that the concept of democracy is learned and that democratic ideals cannot be fostered in schools that emphasize rote learning and strict regimentation.

A)John Dewey
B)James Rowland Angell
C)Harvey A. Carr
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 7

In his classic article, "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology," John Dewey argued that

A)the reflex should be foundational for all of psychology
B)American psychologists should pay more attention to the work of the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov
C)we should not dissect experience or reflexes into artificial piecemeal units
D)the goals of structuralism and functionalism can be reconciled through the concept of the reflex

Question 8

"Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny." This statement is most consistent with the ideas of

A)William James
B)Leta Stetter Hollingworth
C)G. Stanley Hall
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 9

_____ was one of the first to argue for a children's institute dedicated to extensive research on children.

A)William James
B)G. Stanley Hall
C)Hugo Münsterberg
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 10

A radical developmental-evolutionary approach to psychology is more evident in the work of _______ than in the work of any other pioneer psychologist.

A)Robert Sessions Woodworth
B)Walter Dill Scott
C)G. Stanley Hall
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 11

Although highly motivated by Sir Francis Galton to study measurement and to acquire a variety of measurements from many people, the data were not correlated with any meaningful measure and as a result the research career of _____ was destroyed.

A)William James
B)John Dewey
C)James McKeen Cattell
D)Leta Stetter Hollingworth

Question 12

Science, a periodical very important to disciplines such as physics, biology, and chemistry, was edited for almost fifty years by one of the pioneers in psychology. He was

A)James McKeen Cattell
B)Robert Sessions Woodworth
C)Walter Dill Scott
D)G. Stanley Hall

Question 13

_____ influenced psychology through strong leadership and a series of important textbooks including Experimental Psychology, which served as the standard reference in the field for over two decades.

A)James McKeen Cattell
B)Robert Sessions Woodworth
C)Mary Calkins
D)William James

Question 14

Whereas Cattell attempted to measure intelligence by exploring differences in elementary processes such as reaction times, Alfred Binet looked for differences in

A)sensory acuity
B)complex superior processes such as memories for designs and ability to solve spatial problems
C)compound reaction times
D)ability to discriminate within all sensory modalities

Question 15

_______ explored gender differences and the consequences of dropping out of school.

A)James McKeen Cattell
B)Leta Stetter Hollingworth
C)Mary Calkins
D)Helen Wooley

Question 16

Which of the following is associated with the work of Leta Stetter Hollingworth?

A)she is considered a pioneer in the psychology of women and made important contributions to the
B)reduction of prejudices that prevented equal educational opportunities for women
C)she wrote the first article to formally attack behaviorism
D)she studied "mentally defective" children as well as gifted children with IQs above 180
E)both a. and c. are correct

Question 17

The person who did the most to dismantle the variability hypothesis was

A)James McKeen Cattell
B)Leta Stetter Hollingworth
C)Mary Whiton Calkins
D)William James

Question 18

Briefly stated, the so-called variability hypothesis held that in all things

A)men are more variable than women
B)women are more variable than men
C)humans are more variable among themselves than any other animal species
D)younger people are more variable than older people

Question 19

_____ developed the paired-associate method for studying memory.

A)James McKeen Cattell
B)Leta Stetter Hollingworth
C)Mary Whiton Calkins
D)Williams James

Question 20

Although Harvard University refused to grant her a Ph.D. _________ served as the first female president of the American Psychological Association, and she argued that the concept of the self should be a major focus in the work of psychologists.

A)Leta Stetter Hollingworth
B)Dorothea Lynde Dix
C)Margaret Floy Washburn
D)Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 21

The importance of motivation had been neglected in many early systems of psychology. Which of the following did most to elevate the importance of motivation?

A)G. Stanley Hall
B)James McKeen Cattell
C)Robert Sessions Woodworth
D)Leta Stetter Hollingworth

Question 22

Functional autonomy refers to

A)one of the major characteristics of biological drives
B)a neurosis of adolescence
C)the idea that the means of satisfying a motive may acquire drive properties
D)an overwhelming need to join organizations and to be part of a group

Question 23

_____ brought Freud and Jung to America and helped introduce psychoanalysis to the United States.

A)Hugo Münsterberg
B)William James
C)G. Stanley Hall
D)Walter Dill Scott

Question 24

________ founded the American Psychological Association and served as its first president in 1892.

A)Hugo Münsterberg
B)William James
C)G. Stanley Hall
D)Walter Dill Scott

Question 25

_____ earned the first Ph.D. in psychology.

A)William James
B)G. Stanley Hall
C)Hugo Münsterberg
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 26

Each of the following are general characteristics of James's philosophy EXCEPT

A)individualism
B)moralism
C)reductionism
D)pluralism

Question 27

According to James, human beliefs should be evaluated primarily in terms of

A)their consistency
B)how they square with sacred traditions
C)the real work they accomplish in the world
D)their general social acceptance

Question 28

Which of the following kinds of determinism would James postulate?

A)metaphysical determinism
B)methodological determinism
C)strict biological determinism
D)theological predeterminism or predestination

Question 29

James's position on free will and determinism is characterized most accurately by which of the following
Statements?

A)"God does not play dice with the universe."
B)"My first act of free will shall be to believe in free will."
C)"The ego is not master in its own house."
D)"God is clever, but not malicious."

Question 30

Which of the following quotations is NOT attributed to William James?

A)"If American psychology is to persevere, it must embrace the science of behavior."
B)"My first act of free will shall be to believe in free will."
C)"We feel sorry because we cry, angry because we strike, afraid because we tremble."
D)"Nothing includes everything."

Question 31

According to James, the greatest issue in philosophy is the

A)free will and determinism issue
B)monism-pluralism issue
C)mind-body issue
D)materialism-idealism issue

Question 32

According to the text, James's metaphysical ultimate is

A)God
B)reason
C)behavior
D)experience

Question 33

Functionalism is more consistent with philosophies of _________ whereas structuralism is more consistent with philosophies of ___________.

A)being . . . becoming
B)becoming . . . being
C)content . . . process
D)being . . . process

Question 34

This individual developed the first successful intelligence test which examined complex mental processes like memory for designs and the ability to solve spatial problems.

A)Robert Yerkes
B)James McKeen Cattell
C)Alfred Binet
D)Lewis Terman

Question 35

Which of the following best characterizes James's view on the roles that definitions should play in our lives?

A)definitions are unavoidable and practical, therefore they should be absolutely prescriptive for every
B)person
C)a word or definition does not close our quest; a definition is only a program for more work
D)definitions are answers to the enigmas of life
E)definitions should always be derived logically and rationally from the larger belief system

Question 36

Which of the following definitions of psychology would James advocate?

A)psychology is the scientific study of behavior
B)psychology is the scientific study of the elements of mental life
C)psychology is the science of mental life, both of its phenomena and of their conditions
D)psychology is the study of human action

Question 37

In his discussion of thought or thinking, James employed an analogy. He viewed thought as somewhat comparable to

A)chemical elements
B)telephone switchboards
C)the flywheel of an engine
D)a stream

Question 38

His book The Psychology of Industrial Efficiency marks him as one of the pioneers of industrial psychology.

A)William James
B)G. Stanley Hall
C)Hugo Münsterberg
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 39

Hugo Münsterberg is remembered, among other things, for his pioneering books on ________ and _________.

A)intelligence . . . instinct
B)infancy . . . aging
C)sensation . . . motivation
D)psychotherapy . . . industrial psychology

Question 40

The book On the Witness Stand is the standard classic in forensic psychology. This book marks _____________ as one of the most important pioneers in the study of the relationships between psychology and the law.

A)William James
B)G. Stanley Hall
C)Hugo Münsterberg
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 41

The first experimental laboratory in psychology in the United States was founded by

A)Hugo Münsterberg
B)William James
C)Edward Bradford Titchener
D)James McKeen Cattell

Question 42

James's concept of primary memory is somewhat comparable to contemporary notions of
___________ memory, whereas his concept of secondary memory is somewhat comparable to contemporary notions of __________ memory.

A)short-term . . . long-term
B)long-term . . . short term
C)long-term . . . sensory
D)sensory . . . short-term

Question 43

The James-Lange theory of emotion postulates that physiological changes ______ the experience of an emotion.

A)occur before
B)occur concurrently with
C)occur after
D)are unrelated to

Question 44

Which of the following best characterizes James's view on emotion?

A)the experience of emotion is purely mental
B)bodily changes are indispensable to the experience of emotion
C)bodily arousal is not a necessary condition for the experience of emotion
D)the experience of emotion is dictated exclusively by the cerebral hemispheres

Question 45

Each of the following is included by James as a component of the self EXCEPT

A)the social selves
B)the material self
C)the spiritual self
D)the malevolent self

Question 46

According to James, each of the following are characteristics of the stream of thought EXCEPT

A)thoughts continually change
B)thoughts maintain continuity
C)thoughts are personal
D)thoughts remain constant

Question 47

According to William James, there are three components of the self. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A)physical self
B)material self
C)social self
D)spiritual self