Deck 8: Anxiety Disorders With Likely Onset in Adolescence Stress Disorders

Question 1

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
a. Name four types of obsessions and compulsions that accompany them.
b. What are the two most common treatments for OCD? Give an example of one type of treatment program that you might implement for one of the OCD types listed above.

Answer 1

a) Page 226
b) Page 230

Question 2

What are the two main types of social phobia?

Answer 2

Page 231

Question 3

What is the difference between a panic attack and panic disorder? How many symptoms do you have to exhibit to have a panic attack? Give an example for each.

Answer 3

Page 233

Question 4

What are the current criteria for diagnosis of PTSD according to the DAM (major symptom cluster categories)? Give three reasons why these criteria are not well suited to children.

Question 5

What is the difference between Type I and Type II Trauma? What is the notion of Developmental Trauma Disorder, and how does it relate to Type I and Type II trauma?

Question 6

Billy's mother has made an appointment with you to discuss her child's "bizarre" behavior. Apparently, Billy, who is six years of age, is very "superstitious" and he must always tap his finger to his thigh three times before answering a question. Your advice to Billy's mother is that

A) rituals at this age are often a normal part of development.
B) children of this age do not normally engage in this type of behavior.
C) rituals at this age are a sign of psychopathology.
D) children of this age usually show a decline in ritualistic behavior.

Question 7

Obsessions are ______, while compulsions are _______.

A) rigid behaviors….intrusive thoughts
B) intrusive thoughts….rigid behaviors
C) manifest content….latent content
D) physical….mental

Question 8

In order to be diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), an individual must engage in ritualistic behaviors in excess of _____ on a daily basis.

A) two hours
B) 30 minutes
C) one hour
D) three hours

Question 9

Children engage in a number of OCD behaviors. The most common obsessions include all of the following, except

A) contamination.
B) safety.
C) dinosaurs.
D) perfection and symmetry.

Question 10

The prevalence of OCD among children and adolescents has been estimated to be between

A) 10?15%.
B) 2? 4%.
C) 8?10 %.
D) 6?9 %.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is false about the prevalence rates for OCD?

A) Prevalence rates are equivalent for males and females in the adult population.
B) OCD is most common in males for childhood onset.
C) Onset for females is earlier than onset for males.
D) In adults with OCD, as high as 80% have reported onset in childhood or adolescence.

Question 12

The most reported OCD patterns for children and adolescents involved

A) checking.
B) somatic obsessions.
C) hand?washing.
D) hoarding.

Question 13

Compared to adults, children are more likely to engage

A) their friends in the process.
B) other family members in their rituals.
C) in obsessions rather than compulsions.
D) safety rituals.

Question 14

Prevalence rates for children and adolescents with OCD reveal

A) rates as high as 15%.
B) equivalent rates for boys and girls.
C) onset for males is earlier than for females.
D) onset in childhood usually occurs between 5 to 7 years.

Question 15

Which of the following in not among the disorders that are reported to be comorbid with OCD?

A) Tourette's
B) bipolar disorder
C) ADHD
D) disruptive behavior disorders

Question 16

Which of the following have not been implicated in the etiology of OCD?

A) low levels of serotonin
B) over?activation of the orbital region of the frontal cortex
C) under?activation of the caudate nuclei
D) insults to the basal ganglia

Question 17

Over a 3?year period, Murphy and Pinchinero (2002) monitored 12 school?aged children with new?onset PANDAS. Which of the following was not one of their findings?

A) OCD symptoms in this group were evident in hand washing and preoccupation with germs
B) Antibiotics were helpful in treating the throat infection, as well as the OCD symptoms.
C) Relapse of the throat infection resulted in half of the group reverting back to OCD symptoms.
D) None are false, all of the above are true.

Question 18

During every baseball game, before Casey goes to bat, he touches his arm, repeats the numbers 5, 7, 9, and then knocks the dirt off his cleats with the bat. According to the behaviorist model, these behaviors can help to explain the development of

A) panic disorder.
B) generalized anxiety disorder.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) obsessive compulsive disorder.

Question 19

In a study of family communication practices, Hibbs et al. (1991), found that 82% of children with OCD have families high on

A) authoritarian parenting style.
B) authoritative parenting style.
C) expressed emotion.
D) passive parenting style.

Question 20

Which of the following medications has been successful in reducing symptoms of OCD?

A) SSRIs
B) MAO Inhibitors
C) Tricyclic clomipramine
D) both a and c

Question 21

Jordan has OCD and his therapist informs him that they are going to try a new approach. Everyone who enters his house must not remove their shoes. Furthermore, he is not allowed to vacuum for two weeks. Jordan's therapist is likely using which of the following procedures?

A) family therapy
B) reinforcement for compulsive behavior
C) exposure and response prevention
D) contingency management

Question 22

The OCD Expert Consensus Guildelines (March et al., 1997), recommend which of the following for the treatment of OCD in children and adolescents?

A) the importance of beginning with a medical intervention, such as clomipramine, to reduce symptoms immediately
B) the use of behavioral methods, only after all medication alternatives have been exhausted
C) the use of individual psychotherapy
D) the use of cognitive or behavioral methods prior to the use of any medications

Question 23

Susy is afraid to eat in public, because she is afraid that she will drop her food or have some other embarrassing event happen. As a result, she always used lunch time as "study time." Susy likely has

A) a social phobia.
B) a specific phobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) post traumatic stress disorder.

Question 24

In their comparative study of social phobias in teen and adults, Hoffman and colleagues (1999) found all the following, except

A) like adults, teens also experienced the generalized subtype.
B) in both populations, the generalized subtype was associated with more severe psychopathology.
C) like adults, teens rated informal speaking as more fearful than formal speaking.
D) almost half the adolescents endorsed generalized anxiety across all for subtypes.

Question 25

Which of the following 8?year?old children would most likely to be diagnosed with social phobia?

A) Arthur, who is afraid of being in social situations with unfamiliar adults
B) Aimee, who is afraid of being in social situations with unfamiliar children
C) Wally, who is afraid of playing with his brothers
D) Stanley, who is fearful of social situations with unfamiliar adults and peers

Question 26

All of the following are true regarding selective mutism, except

A) the disorder is classified under the anxiety disorders due to its close resemblance to social phobia.
B) children with the disorder choose to not speak in certain situations.
C) onset for the disorder is most frequently seen around 4?5 years of age.
D) the disorder represents a persistent refusal to speak in some social situations.

Question 27

There is considerable overlap among the anxiety disorders. It is not surprising to find that children with other anxiety disorders are also more likely to have social phobia. Which of the following is true?

A) Of all children who experience Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD ), more than one quarter also have social phobia.
B) Approximately 5% of those with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD ) also have social phobia.
C) the relationship between social phobia, GAD and SAD is not comorbid, since these disorders are all very different aspects of anxiety and actually share few associations.
D) One in four children with GAD would also be expected to have a social phobia as well.

Question 28

Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of social phobia?

A) The most effective treatment for social phobia is anti?anxiety medication.
B) Treatments that are effective for specific phobias are equally as effective for social phobias.
C) Combining the treatment with social skills training can enhance treatment effectiveness.
D) Both b and c are correct.

Question 29

The Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) has been helpful in understanding social phobia in all of the following ways, except

A) understanding the role of having an inhibited temperament.
B) threat reduction.
C) increased avoidant behaviors.
D) negative affectivity.

Question 30

Brittany is seven years old and she is afraid to go to a sleep over at her friend's house because she fears that something dreadful will happen to her mother if she is away. Even school has become difficult because she really prefers to be home. Her mother has also seen this tendency and has decided to home?school her daughter. After three years of home?schooling, Brittany is more and more reluctant to leave the house . In the earlier stages, it seems like Brittany was suffering from

A) separation anxiety disorder.
B) specific phobia.
C) generalized anxiety disorder.
D) social phobia.

Question 31

When Brittany gets older, say in her teens, what disorder would you predict she would be most vulnerable to?

A) social phobia
B) panic disorder with agoraphobia
C) generalized anxiety disorder
D) obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 32

Which type of household do you think that Brittany has grown up in?

A) household with a family history of anxiety
B) household with a parent who is overprotective
C) household with an authoritarian parent
D) Both a and b are likely.

Question 33

Little Joey hates snakes. He is in the sandbox playing with his friends, when all of a sudden a snake rears its ugly head out of the sandpit. Joey starts to scream, his heart is pounding, his breathing becomes rapid and he feels like he is going to faint . Joey is experiencing a

A) generalized anxiety attack.
B) panic attack.
C) social anxiety attack.
D) specific events attack.

Question 34

Panic attacks have been related to irregular activity of which neurotransmitter?

A) norepinephrine
B) dopamine
C) serotonin
D) epinephrine

Question 35

Which of the following is false regarding the Panic Control Treatment for Adolescents (PCT?A)?

A) It is primarily a cognitive?behavioral treatment.
B) Disorder awareness is one of the primary components of the program.
C) Training of awareness of hyperventilation is an important component of the program.
D) Addressing issues of tendencies towards detachment and numbing.

Question 36

All of the following are considered a mediator effect for stress disorders, except

A) poverty.
B) race.
C) stressful life events.
D) family?based stressors.

Question 37

Re?experiencing of the traumatic event differs in adults and children. While adults may be visited by flashbacks, children are more likely to demonstrate

A) repetitive trauma play.
B) dreams of monsters.
C) dreams of rescue.
D) all of the above.

Question 38

Scheeringa and Zeanah have challenged the DSM criteria for the diagnosis of PTSD in children due to all the following concerns except

A) criteria are developmentally inappropriate.
B) almost half the symptoms require verbal reports.
C) cognitive shifts that occur after age 7 may influence the appropriateness of symptoms in Cluster C.
D) only half of the children in their sample of 20 traumatized children under 7 years of age met criteria for PTSD under the current DSM criteria.

Question 39

Which of the following symptoms would be most associated with PTSD in adolescence?

A) omen formation
B) increased risk?taking
C) time skew
D) night terrors

Question 40

Studies of the long?term impact for children who are exposed to traumatic events, such as natural disasters or high media exposure to covering the events , reveals that for children

A) symptoms of PTSD are temporary responses to a traumatic situation.
B) risk decreases if the child was subjected to previous abuse due to a numbing factor.
C) many of the children (more than 5%) continue to experience PTSD symptoms many years later.
D) those who are at greater distance from the event, may actually exhibit more symptoms of PTSD than those who are closer to the event.