Deck 2: Past, Present Future

Question 1

Culbertson (1991) traces how childhood was conceptualized through four historical phases that parallel changes in the economic, social, and political climate. What were the four historical phases? Provide an example of each.

Answer 1

The four historical phases are:
1. Recognition of childhood as a distinct period of development
2. Industrial movement & social reform (Early 20^th century)
3. Child guidance clinics support the social reform movement
4. Regression resulting from increased numbers of children living in poverty

Question 2

Name two of the major road blocks and barriers that prevented child psychopathology from becoming a unique discipline until the 1970s. For each road block, give an example of the major problem.

Answer 2

1. Nature/Nurture debate
2. Introduction of the Disease Model of Pathology
3. Shift in emphasis from treatment to identification
4. The conceptualization of child problems similar to adult problems

Question 3

Several models have been developed over the years to describe the role of parent and child interactions regarding the nature of developmental change. Describe the models, and the similarities and differences between them.

Answer 3

1. First models: parent→ child
2. Bell: Bidirectional Influence parent <‐> child
3. Sameroff: Transactional Model
4. Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model
"5. Cicchetti and Toth: Transactional Ecological Model

Question 4

The text discusses five recurring themes. What are they?

Question 5

Name the three pivotal sources of knowledge in the K‐3 paradigm.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the Journal of Clinical Child Psychology (JCCP)?

A) Between 1972 and 1989 there was a significant increase in the number of articles devoted to issues of child advocacy.
B) Between 1972 and 1989 there was a significant increase in the number of research articles published.
C ) Both a and b are true.
D ) Both a and b are false.

Question 7

Which of the following is false regarding children in the labor force?

A) Poorer families relied on children to occupy the work force for a longer period of time.
B) At the end of the 18^th century, children as young as 5 and 6 could still be found working alongside their parents.
C) Despite gains in social welfare, youth 12 to 18 years of age still occupied the work force in the early 19^th century.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 8

As a result of the social reform movement, the text suggests that Immigrant families in the West were faced with

A) the task of home?schooling their own children.
B) adjusting to economic loss resulting from the abolishing of child labor.
C) having to learn a new language in order to earn a living.
D) learning new games to play with their children.

Question 9

According to Shore (1987), the 1970's ushered in a period of

A) hope for a bright future for the oppressed.
B) increased opportunities for the poor.
C) reduction in the number of risk factors associated with poverty.
D) regression due to increased numbers of children living in poverty.

Question 10

Which of the following would be a strong supporter of "nurture" side of the nurture/nature debate?

A) Rousseau
B) Locke
C) Goddard
D) Kraepelin

Question 11

According to Sroufe & Rutter (1984), the domain of developmental psychopathology was created to

A) merge "pathology" with the theories and methods inherent in developmental Psychology.
B) to increase awareness of clinical psychology.
C) to launch their new journal Developmental Psychopathology.
D) to capture the static nature of child problems.

Question 12

The ecological transactional model was initially introduced by Chiccetti and Toth in their attempt to explain the nature and causes of childhood

A) aggression.
B) anxiety.
C) depression.
D) learning problems.

Question 13

Which of the following would not be among the developmental tasks facing a preschooler?

A) increased emotion regulation
B) experience of emotional blends
C) increased need for rules and structure
D) emergent anxieties, phobias and fears

Question 14

According to Bronfenbrenner, the effectiveness of communication between individuals within a child's immediate environment is referred to as the

A) exosystem.
B) macrosystem.
C) mesosystem.
D) microsystem.

Question 15

The individual who was initially credited with the development of the transactional model was

A) Bandura
B) Sameroff
C) Bell
D) Beers

Question 16

Bowlby used which of the following metaphors to explain the concept of developmental pathways?

A) a branching road
B) a branch of a bank
C) the fork of a river
D) a branching tree

Question 17

John and Carl are brothers and their parents have just divorced. John reacts by becoming depressed and withdrawing, while Carl responds by becoming involved in every extracurricular activity he can find. The fact that both boys respond to the same situation with very different reactions, is an example of

A) multifinality.
B) bidirectional influence.
C) coercion theory.
D) equifinality.

Question 18

Susy is feeling depressed. She visits a therapist who says that it is "all in her head." He says she is depressed because she is "thinking like a depressed person." . Susy's therapist likely supports which theoretical model?

A) Biomedical
B) Behavioral
C) Cognitive
D) Sociocultural

Question 19

Susy is upset that her therapist says it is all in her head, so she visits another therapist who assures her that the depression is a result of a chemical imbalance and that she likely inherited this genetic tendency from her mother who also has bouts of depression. This therapist likely supports which theoretical model?

A) Biomedical
B) Behavioral
C) Cognitive
D) Sociocultural

Question 20

Which of the following is not part of the K?3 Paradigm?

A) Knowledge about theoretical perspectives
B) Knowledge about developmental expectations
C) Knowledge about the DSM
D) Knowledge about the contexts of influence

Question 21

The transactional model was developed to capture the

A) interactive influences that result as the child adapts to changes in the environment and the environment changes as a result.
B) the bidirectional nature of influences.
C) nature of reciprocal determinism.
D) nature of reciprocity.