Deck 15: Pervasive Development Disorders PDD

Question 1

Name two major diagnostic criteria that differ between Rett's Disorder and Child Disintegrative Disorder.

Answer 1

Rett's Normal development first five months; CDD normal development first 2 years Rett's Female disorder; CDD Primarily Males

Question 2

What are the three cardinal symptom categories for autism? How many symptoms are required for each category? Give two examples for each.

Answer 2

"1) Qualitative Impairment in social interaction (2 symptoms)
impaired nonverbal communication, failure to develop peer relations, lack of social referencing, failure to engage in reciprocity"
"2) Qualitative impairment in Communication (1 symptom)
delay or lack of speech, lack of initiation/maintenance, stereotypical, no spontaneity
3) Restricted, Repetitive, and stereotyped behaviors preoccupation, non‐functional routines, repetitive mannerisms, preoccupation with parts"

Question 3

What is the single most important symptom category from above that distinguishes autism form Asperger's Disorder. Explain how this differs for Asperger's.

Answer 3

Impaired Communication is not a category for Asperger's, which, in fact must not have a language delay.

Question 4

Develop an experiment to illustrate the concept of theory of mind. Show how two different children (one with autism and one with Asperger's Disorder) might respond to the task.

Question 5

Compare and contrast Asperger's Disorder and autism along the following dimensions

Question 6

According to the current DSM, there are ___ disorders in the category of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD).

A) two
B) five
C) four
D) three

Question 7

Which of the following is false regarding Rett's Disorder?

A) normal development for the first 2 years
B) primarily female due to X?chromosome malfunction
C) deceleration of head growth
D) loss of previous function

Question 8

Sarah is 8 years old and she has been diagnosed with Rett's Disorder. She has shown continued deterioration of motor problems, some decline in negative behaviors, and some improvementssocially. Given your understanding, it is most likely that Sarah is in what stage?

A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV

Question 9

It is most likely that Sarah will remain at this stage for how long?

A) She could remain at this stage indefinitely.
B) She could remain at this stage for another couple of years.
C) She could remain at this stage for one to four years.
D) Both a and b are correct.

Question 10

Scoliosis is a condition that involves

A) loss of speech.
B) curvature of the spine.
C) loss of myelin.
D) unsteady gait.

Question 11

The reason that males do not have Rett's is that

A) males cannot inherit the disorder since it is linked to the X chromosome.
B) females can compensate with their other X chromosome, while males have only one X chromosome.
C) if males get the condition, the defective gene cannot not be compensated for and the male cannot survive.
D) both b and c are correct.

Question 12

A child with CDD will evidence a progressive loss in function in all the following areas, except

A) language.
B) hearing.
C) adaptive skills.
D) motor skills.

Question 13

The onset of CDD is usually between

A) 2 to 3 years.
B) 5 to 12 months.
C) 1to 2 years.
D) 3 to 4 years.

Question 14

The ICD?10 Codes refer to CDD as

A) dementia infantilis.
B) Heller's syndrome.
C) the other childhood disintegrative disorder.
D) progressive disintegrative psychosis of childhood.

Question 15

Individuals with CDD also may be diagnosed with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), which is

A) a respiratory ailment that eventually can result in respiratory arrest.
B) a disease that creates plaque in the ventricles of the brain.
C) a disease that attacks the cones, causing impaired ability to see color.
D) a disease that impairs the development of myelin.

Question 16

Compared to those with autism, children with CDD have

A) more deterioration in function.
B) lower IQ.
C) more fearful and anxious responses.
D) all of the above.

Question 17

All of the following have research support as potential causes for autism, except

A) heritability.
B) lower activity levels in the amygdale.
C) higher levels of serotonin.
D) MMR vaccine preservative (thimerosal).

Question 18

Which of the following is false regarding autism?

A) Autism occurs in approximately 200 cases per 100,000.
B) Males are four times more likely to be diagnosed.
C) Brains show decreased head circumference compared to normal brains.
D) Brains show reduced corpus callosum compared to normal brains.

Question 19

Which of the following is not an example of impaired nonverbal behavior?

A) lack of social gesture
B) lack of eye contact
C) pronoun reversals
D) impaired ability to read facial expressions

Question 20

In a normally developing infant, joint attention behavior is evident at about

A) 4 months.
B) 5?6 months.
C) 12?18 months.
D) 6?9 months.

Question 21

Which of the following is an example of self?stimulation?

A) continuing to line up blocks for no apparent reason
B) repeating phrases that one hears
C) robotic language
D) all of the above

Question 22

Mary loves chocolate milk, but she hates white milk. Her teacher pours chocolate milk into a big blue thermos, as Mary and Kate watch. Mary gets called out of the room. While she is gone, her teacher pours the chocolate milk down the sink and fills the thermos with white milk. Kate has seen this and is aware, but Mary is out of the room. The teacher now turns to Kate, and says, "When Mary returns, what kind of milk will she think is in the thermos?" This experiment is testing the concept of

A) conservation of liquid.
B) theory of mind.
C) social referencing.
D) reciprocity.

Question 23

Given the problem in the question above, if Mary is autistic, and Kate has Asperger's disorder, which of the following would you expect?

A) Mary would be able to solve the problem much better than Kate.
B) Kate may be able to solve the problem much better than Mary.
C) Neither of them would be able to solve the problem.
D) Both would be able to solve the problem.

Question 24

Those with higher functioning autism have an IQ that is

A) in the average range.
B) in the moderate mental retardation range.
C) between 85 and 100.
D) above 70.

Question 25

Several explanations have been posited to explain the "need for repetition and sameness." Which of the following has been suggested?

A) The children have a low threshold for stimulation and are easily overwhelmed.
B) The children have a high threshold for stimulation and are unresponsive
C) The children are hyper?responsive.
D) All of the above .

Question 26

Szatmari and colleagues isolated two underlying dimensions to help explain the need for sameness and repetition. Which of the following is part of the insistence on sameness factor?

A) problems with change in personal routines
B) unusual sensory interests
C) rocking
D) repetitive use of objects

Question 27

In the above investigation, Szatmari and colleagues found that the worst adaptive outcomes were for those children who demonstrated

A) insistence on sameness.
B) compulsions and rituals.
C) repetitive, sensory and motor behaviors.
D) difficulties with change in the environment.

Question 28

In a review of 215 studies of autism and MR, Edelson suggests that

A) much of the research was outdated.
B) many of the claims of high MR came from non?empirical reports.
C) MR rates in autism have likely been over?rated.
D) all of the above.

Question 29

In response to Edelson's paper, Freeman and Van Dyke suggest that another reason that reports may be inflated is that

A) children with autism are penalized on IQ tests due to poor language and motivation.
B) autism was defined differently in many of the studies.
C) samples were mixed with an over?representation of clinical samples.
D) many studies relied on parent surveys to determine autism.

Question 30

In their study of autism, Rogers and DiLalla (1990) suggest three different patterns of onset. Which of the following is not one of the suggested patterns?

A) congenital (atypical from birth)
B) acquired (develops after a viral infection like encephalitis)
C) failure to develop (early milestones followed by developmental plateau)
D) period of normal development, followed by regress and loss of previous skills

Question 31

Heritability of autism is considered to be very high with increased risk for siblings between 3?6%. This represents an increased risk of ______ times greater than the population at large.

A) 1 to 10
B) 50 to 100
C) 20 to 50
D) 15 to 30

Question 32

The part of the brain that plays an integral role in processing faces is the

A) amygdale.
B) corpus callosum.
C) fusiform gyrus.
D) basil ganglia.

Question 33

Which of the following is false regarding Lovaas treatment program at UCLA?

A) The program was essentially 40 hours a week for three years.
B) The first stage of the program was to teach behavior control, attention, and compliance.
C) 47% of those in the program increased their IQ by 37 points.
D) The third stage of the program was to teach language.

Question 34

Which of the following would most likely be part of the TEACCH Program?

A) increasing social skills through vocational training
B) bringing a new tricycle into the room and letting the first one ride who says "trike"
C) reading to children while they are in rest period
D) using isolation to reinforce compliance

Question 35

According to the DSM, a diagnosis of Asperger's disorder requires that you rule out significant delays in all the following areas, except

A) cognitive.
B) language.
C) social.
D) adaptive.

Question 36

A child who is hyperlexic is

A) very hyperactive.
B) able to compose music at a very early age.
C) able to decode words at a very early age.
D) able to solve math problems at a very early age.

Question 37

Gaigg and Bowler (2007) found that adults with Asperger's Disorder

A) demonstrated an exaggerated startle response.
B) demonstrated an impaired ability on a task of fear discrimination.
C) demonstrated a heightened fear response from the beginning.
D) could not acquire the fear response (fear acquisition).

Question 38

According to Rourke and colleagues, Asperger's and HFA

A) share many similar features in how they process information by hemisphere.
B) HFA tends to demonstrate greater left processing deficits than Asperger's.
C) Asperger's tends to demonstrate greater right processing deficits than HFA.
D) Both b and c are correct.

Question 39

The major criticism concerning the category of PDDNOS is that

A) it is suitable for younger, but not older children.
B) it has not been verified on adolescents.
C) it is too vague to be of any use.
D) it is too rigid to be effective.

Question 40

While those this autism are preoccupied with ______, those with Asperger's are preoccupied with ________.

A) pictures……sounds
B) images…… words
C) numbers……etters
D) object parts……topic discussions