Deck 6: Control Learning: Basic Principles and Phenomena

Question 1

In ____ conditioning, it is what happens ____ the behavior that is critical.

A) instrumental; after
B) classical; after
C) instrumental; before
D) both classical and instrumental; before

Answer 1

instrumental; after

Question 2

The ____ are examples of discrete trial apparatuses and the____ is an example of a free operant apparatus.

A) maze, puzzle box, Skinner box; runway
B) maze, puzzle box, runway; Skinner box
C) puzzle box, runway, Skinner box; maze
D) maze, runway, Skinner box; puzzle box

Answer 2

maze, puzzle box, runway; Skinner box

Question 3

Skinner defined reinforcers and punishers technically according to

A) their intensity.
B) the probability of their occurrence.
C) their effect on behavior.
D) the extent to which they are perceived as pleasant versus unpleasant.

Answer 3

their effect on behavior.

Question 4

Two types of negative reinforcement are _____ and _____.

A) time out; response cost
B) escape; response cost.
C) escape; avoidance
D) avoidance; response cost

Question 5

Two types of negative punishment are _____ and _____.

A) time out; response cost
B) escape; response cost.
C) escape; avoidance
D) avoidance; response cost

Question 6

Money and praise are common examples of ____ reinforcers.

A) primary
B) secondary
C) unconditioned
D) generalized

Question 7

You press the power button to turn on your computer and wait for the desktop to appear before opening a program. This is an example of

A) shaping.
B) prompting
C) fading
D) a stimulus-response chain.

Question 8

You press the power button to turn on your computer and wait for the desktop to appear before opening a program. In this example, seeing the desktop is both

A) a discriminative stimulus for turning on the computer and a conditioned reinforcer for opening the program.
B) a conditioned reinforcer for turning on the computer and a discriminative stimulus for opening the program.
C) a warning stimulus for turning on the computer and a conditioned reinforcer for opening the program.
D) a warning stimulus for opening the program and a conditioned reinforcer for turning on the computer.

Question 9

A child is asked to trace dotted lines in order to learn to write the letters of the alphabet. This is an example of the ____ procedure.

A) shaping
B) prompting
C) fading
D) discrimination training

Question 10

After the child successfully traces dotted lines of a letter of the alphabet, the space between dots is gradually increased until the dots are eliminated altogether. This is an example of the ____ procedure.

A) shaping
B) prompting
C) fading
D) discrimination training

Question 11

A powerful sequence for using prompts to establish verbal control of behavior is

A) verbal prompt, physical prompt, gestural prompt.
B) verbal prompt, gestural prompt, physical prompt.
C) physical prompt, gestural prompt, verbal prompt.
D) gestural prompt, physical prompt, verbal prompt.

Question 12

It is relatively easy to teach a rat to ____ to avoid a shock but much more difficult to teach a rat to _____ to avoid shock.

A) press a bar; run down a runway
B) run down a runway; press a bar
C) press a bar; walk down a runway
D) walk down a runway; press a bar