Deck 11: The Settlement of Refugee Families in Canada: Pre-Migration and Post-Migration Trajectories and Location in Canadian Society

Question 1

Why is immigration vital to Canada today?

A) To contribute to the increasing birth rate and increase in workforce participation
B) To counter a declining birth rate and an aging population
C) To contribute to the growth of cities and a growing economy
D) To counter the growth of cities and the decrease in workforce participation
E) To counter the increased number of women and young adults in the workforce

Answer 1

To counter a declining birth rate and an aging population

Question 2

Canada's immigration policy is largely based on the immigration system introduced in which year?

A) 1867
B) 1897
C) 1927
D) 1967
E) 1997

Answer 2

1967

Question 3

Which of the following is one of the three categories of migrants recognized for permanent resident status, as defined by the 2001 Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA)?

A) Family Class
B) International Student Class
C) Healthcare and Caregiving worker Class
D) Asylum-seeking Class
E) All of the above are recognized.

Answer 3

Family Class

Question 4

Following the immigration regulations introduced in the 1967 Act, most arrivals to Canada have been from _______________ countries.

A) European countries
B) Non-European countries
C) English-speaking countries
D) Christian countries
E) African countries

Question 5

According to Vertovec and Hiebert (2020) cities like Vancouver and Toronto represent processes of __________________ in the sense that "the nature of these cities has been fundamentally shaped by immigration."

A) super-diversification
B) multiculturalism
C) hyper-diversity
D) intersectionality
E) diversity in action

Question 6

According to the 2016 Census, immigrants from which three countries accounted for 25% of all immigrants with permanent status in Canada?

A) The Philippines, China, and Syria
B) China, India, and the Philippines
C) India, China, and the United States
D) India, Iran, and China
E) The Philippines, China, and the United States

Question 7

Most newcomers coming to Canada arrive as ____________________

A) single men.
B) families.
C) married couples without children.
D) workers.
E) students.

Question 8

In 2015, the ______________ system was introduced and the government tied the point system to the National Occupational Category to determine labour market needs.

A) Express Entry
B) Express Economic Immigration
C) Economic Express
D) Labour and Education Express
E) Skills and Classification

Question 9

In the year 2018, Canada had ______________permanent immigrants from all categories.

A) 131,022
B) 259,000
C) 321,035
D) 724,240
E) 890,055

Question 10

At the time of the 2016 Census, what percentage of Toronto's population was born outside of Canada?

A) 16
B) 26
C) 46
D) 66
E) This information is not collected through the census.

Question 11

Which of the following terms is best described as the process of learning the elements of the culture of the host country?

A) Assimilation
B) Multiculturalism
C) Acculturation
D) Migration
E) Intersectionality

Question 12

According to Berry's (2003) model of acculturation, which of the following is not one of the main acculturation strategies?

A) Assimilation
B) Adaptation
C) Integration
D) Separation
E) Marginalization

Question 13

__________ refers to immigrants' capacity to successfully engage with the host country's institutions, such as the school, workplace, and broader community.

A) Assimilation
B) Adaptation
C) Marginalization
D) Community-Building
E) Migration

Question 14

In Canada, within the context of Multiculturalism, _________ is the ultimate outcome of newcomer settlement.

A) assimilation
B) integration
C) segregation
D) cultural continuity
E) transnational family-building

Question 15

Which of the following is not a key domain of integration identified by Ager and Strang (2008)?

A) Family
B) Employment
C) Housing
D) Education
E) Health

Question 16

A ___________lens acknowledges the role of family and friends in the pre-migration and post-migration processes of the migrants and the continued involvement of migrants with family, ethnic, and cultural groups, as well as economic and political activities in the home country.

A) Intersectional
B) Transnational
C) Multicultural
D) Diversity-focused
E) Global

Question 17

Which of the following terms is best described as minor children who attend school in the host country under the care of relatives or guardians, while parents reside in the homeland?

A) Parachute kids
B) Left behind children
C) Astronaut children
D) Satellite children
E) Transnational children

Question 18

_______________ groups in resettlement countries have reported stress, fear and anxiety, insomnia, depression, and suicidal thoughts following exposure to violence.

A) Refugee
B) Economic class immigrant
C) Children immigrant
D) All immigrant
E) Racialized immigrant groups

Question 19

The major settlement needs of newcomers are information and orientation, language training, establishing new social networks, mental health, employment, and _________

A) housing.
B) access to places of worship.
C) parental support.
D) access to communication with family remaining in place of origin.
E) connections to other newcomer communities in the city.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Newcomers generally have higher rates of poverty than Canadian-born individuals.
B) The majority of immigrants to Canada have low education and few employment credentials.
C) The majority of immigrant women do not work once arriving in Canada.
D) Newcomers have easy access to employment opportunities in Canada due to government programs that focus on settlement.
E) All of the above

Question 21

What percentage of newcomers to Canada settle in the cities of Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal?

A) 10
B) 23
C) 37
D) 40
E) 57

Question 22

___________ provide much-needed services to newcomers to help them adapt to life in Canada.

A) Education agencies
B) Settlement agencies
C) Multi-cultural agencies
D) Acculturation agencies
E) Integration services and centres

Question 23

Immigrant families are ____________ times more likely to live in overcrowded housing compared to white native-born families.

A) two
B) four
C) six
D) seven
E) ten

Question 24

Boss (2004) proposed the ______________________, according to which immigrants and refugees experience a sense of cultural bereavement and an "ongoing state of ambiguity and uncertainty interfering with their capacity to mourn this loss and move forward."

A) Acculturation and Loss Theory
B) Ambiguous Loss Theory
C) Integration Theory
D) Intersectionality
E) Grief and Loss Theory

Question 25

For "astronaut" families, it is usually the __________ who stay back in the home country.

A) children
B) oldest child
C) fathers
D) mothers
E) grandparents

Question 26

Canada's former Live-in Caregiver Program was made up of applicants who were mostly women from ________________

A) China.
B) The Philippines.
C) India.
D) Thailand.
E) Taiwan.

Question 27

Most women who came to Canada through the Live-in Caregiver Program came to Canada ______________

A) with their children.
B) without their children.
C) with only one of their children.
D) with their husbands.
E) with their aging parents.

Question 28

Among immigrant families, substantial intergenerational differences exist between parents and adolescents in the ____________________

A) internalization of their culture.
B) assimilation practices.
C) external performance of their culture and heritage.
D) continuation of religious faith.
E) maintenance of language.

Question 29

Youth represent __________ of the immigration population in Canada.

A) 2%
B) 12%
C) 22%
D) 32%
E) 52%

Question 30

Older adults who are parents of original applicants for immigration to Canada mostly come through the _________ class.

A) family continuity
B) grandparent
C) family reunification
D) extended family
E) family extension

Question 31

Which of the following helps explain the overrepresentation of immigrant and refugee children in the child protection system?

A) The use of harsher discipline practices
B) A lack of understanding of the system
C) Biases made by professionals
D) Lack of culturally appropriate resources
E) All of the above

Question 32

Women who join their husbands through the family reunification class of the Canadian immigration system can be forced to stay in abusive relationships for fear of ___________________, even though this is not legally possible.

A) sponsorship withdrawal
B) their husband's arrest
C) intervention by child protective services
D) divorce or abandonment by their husband
E) all of the above

Question 33

Which of the following is not one of the four categories of parents described in Han and Love's research (2012) on immigrant parents in the United States?

A) Cultural Survivors
B) Cultural Learners
C) Cultural Teachers
D) Cultural Connectors
E) Cultural Leaders

Question 34

Which of the following terms is best described as: "a term that lacks consensus, yet includes a complex process for immigrants to adapt to life in Canada. The term is often used interchangeably with assimilation, yet some have argued that it remains distinct from it."?

A) Integration
B) Multiculturalism
C) Acculturation
D) Adaptation
E) Transnationalism

Question 35

According to the World Migration Report (2020), approximately 3.5% of the world's population are migrants.

Question 36

Racial categories were eliminated as a basis for selection in Canada's immigration policy in 1937.

Question 37

The Live-in Caregiver Program was formalized in Canada in 1982.

Question 38

The majority of economic immigrants that have arrived in Canada since 1980 were accompanying family members.

Question 39

Successful adaptation is the outcome of acculturation strategies and the host culture's policies and practices.

Question 40

Integration is a one-way process for immigrants to adapt and assimilate into life in Canada.

Question 41

Intersectionality is a frame of analysis that enables a comprehensive understanding of the structural roots of the experience of marginalization.

Question 42

A multicultural lens acknowledges the role of family and friends in the pre-migration and post-migration processes of the migrants and the continued involvement of migrants with family, ethnic, and cultural groups, as well as economic and political activities in the home country.

Question 43

"Satellite babies" is a term used to describe children more to young Chinese immigrants to Canada or the United States and sent to China, Taiwan, or Hong Kong to be cared for by relatives until the parents have achieved financial stability.

Question 44

Transnational care for the elderly is a decreasing phenomenon, as immigration policies are more supportive of family reunification.

Question 45

About one in ten refugees experience PTSD in their country of resettlement.

Question 46

Immigrants and refugees are less likely than Canadian-born individuals to be worried about the social and economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question 47

Both economic immigrants and refugees require the same support and services regarding language and skill training, social networks, and access to community services.

Question 48

Unlike other categories of newcomers, economic immigrants face few barriers to employment as their professional credentials are typically recognized in Canada.

Question 49

Relative to the Canadian-born population, it takes 12-15 years for refugees to achieve comparable employment rates and incomes.

Question 50

Fifty-seven per cent of newcomers to Canada settle within Toronto, Vancouver, and Montreal.

Question 51

Health Canada has identified the stress from the migration process as a determinant of health.

Question 52

As a result of recent trends in the top countries of origin, there is little diversity among newcomer families in Canada today.

Question 53

Immigrant families are four times more likely to have a live-in grandparent compared to white, native-born families.

Question 54

Settlement challenges tend to affect men and women in the same ways.

Question 55

When immigrant women become the sole breadwinner in their families, we typically see a subsequent reduction in their caregiving and domestic responsibilities.

Question 56

Immigrant men are slower to acculturate and face more hostility at work than immigrant women.

Question 57

Immigrant women often find full-time work faster than immigrant men.

Question 58

Transnational families tend to adapt quickly and easily following reunification.

Question 59

Under the Live-in Caregiver Program, workers were permitted to apply for permanent residency after five years of work in Canada.

Question 60

Among immigrant families, substantial intergeneration differences exist between parents and adolescents in the internationalization of their culture.

Question 61

Youth represent a very small minority, less than ten per cent, of the immigrant population in Canada.

Question 62

Berry and Sabatier's study of youth settlement in Montreal and Toronto found that youth in Toronto adopted strategies that enhanced their self-esteem as Toronto promotes multiculturalism rather than interculturalism.

Question 63

Older adults who are first-generation immigrants often provide childcare and support to the second generations.

Question 64

As a result of stronger family and cultural bonds, immigrants who are older adults are less likely to experience loneliness than their Canadian-born counterparts.

Question 65

Migration is a life-changing experience that challenges established patriarchal power relations within the family.

Question 66

There is substantial research demonstrating that immigrant women are more likely to experience Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) than non-immigrant women in Canada.

Question 67

There is evidence of higher levels of parental involvement in children's education than non-immigrants.

Question 68

Children of first-generation immigrants have positive labour market outcomes and higher levels of participation in Canada's social and cultural contexts.

Question 69

The majority of Canada's immigrants come as part of the economic immigrant category.
Short

Question 70

Explain how Canada's immigration policy has changed since the 1960s.

Question 71

What is intersectionality and why is it a useful frame for examining the experiences of newcomers?

Question 72

Explain how newcomer families can be understood through the frame of transnationalism.

Question 73

What have been some of the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on newcomers to Canada?

Question 74

What are the main barriers to accessing employment for newcomers to Canada?

Question 75

Discuss why access to affordable and adequate housing remains a significant barrier in the settlement of newcomers.

Question 76

What role do settlement agencies play in supporting newcomers to Canada?

Question 77

What are some distinct settlement experiences that immigrant women face?

Question 78

What are some distinct challenges that newcomer fathers face post-migration?

Question 79

Discuss the common experiences of parenting in transnational families.

Question 80

Discuss some common and shared experiences of immigrant and refugee youth in Canada.