Deck 1: Anthropology in a Global Age

Question 1

Anthropology looks at the complete diversity of human life across space and time,which requires a strong

A) belief in the value of other cultures.
B) belief in one's own culture.
C) belief in the value of globalization.
D) ability to evaluate others on the basis of one's own beliefs.

Answer 1

belief in the value of other cultures.

Question 2

Cultural anthropologists employ the process of ethnology to

A) challenge ethnocentrism.
B) challenge ethnographic authority.
C) change other cultures.
D) compare cultures.

Answer 2

compare cultures.

Question 3

Prehistoric archaeologists use material remains in order to reconstruct

A) human behavior.
B) written records.
C) garbage dumps.
D) burial sites.

Answer 3

human behavior.

Question 4

The so-called "N-word" might be most likely studied for its origins,uses,and meaning by a

A) descriptive linguist.
B) historic linguist.
C) biological anthropologist.
D) sociolinguist.

Question 5

William Rathje's garbage study to analyze the behavior of residents of Tucson,Arizona,is an example of

A) classical archaeology.
B) ethnographic fieldwork.
C) garbology.
D) historic archaeology.

Question 6

Who studies how language changes over time?

A) historic linguists
B) sociolinguists
C) descriptive linguists
D) linguistic archaeologists

Question 7

Which subfield of anthropology traces the history of human evolution in fossils?

A) prehistoric archaeology
B) primatology
C) evolutionary archaeology
D) paleoanthropology

Question 8

In the study of immigration,anthropologists look at physical differences between populations,how the groups involved conceive of themselves and others,what they say about those other groups,and how these groups relate to others in the past.This is an example of what aspect of anthropology?

A) ethnology
B) globalization
C) elitism
D) holism

Question 9

How men and women use language differently and how this regularly leads to miscommunication between them would demand a close examination of the cultural context of language.This would be the work of what type of anthropologist?

A) genderist
B) sociolinguist
C) historical linguist
D) descriptive linguist

Question 10

Ethnographic fieldwork is the primary research strategy of which field?

A) archaeology
B) biological anthropology
C) historic ethnology
D) cultural anthropology

Question 11

What is considered the most distinctive feature of being human?

A) tool use
B) the wheel
C) bipedal locomotion
D) language

Question 12

Archaeology is the study of cultures in the human past,focusing on

A) Europe and Middle Eastern cultures.
B) African and Asian cultures.
C) any human material remains.
D) any human burial sites.

Question 13

What type of anthropologist studies people from a perspective that considers how humans have adapted to their environments?

A) physical anthropologist
B) environmental anthropologist
C) cultural anthropologist
D) evolutionary anthropologist

Question 14

The primary distinction between historic archaeologists and prehistoric archaeologists is that the former have access to

A) larger numbers of artifacts.
B) written records.
C) works of art.
D) burial sites.

Question 15

Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying as they work,celebrate,dance,or play games,and ask lots of questions while they are doing it.This is known as

A) ethnology.
B) participant observation.
C) cultural anthropology.
D) cognitive study.

Question 16

The study of fossils and ancient DNA to trace changes in human ancestors over time involves which specialization of anthropology?

A) prehistoric archaeology
B) forensic anthropology
C) paleoanthropology
D) historic archaeology

Question 17

In late nineteenth-century debates on American immigration,many scholars and government officials privileged immigrants from northern Europe over those from southern Europe,such as Italians and Greeks,because the officials felt these southern people were a separate and inferior biological race with primitive ways.This is an example of

A) elitism.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) genocide.
D) ethnocide.

Question 18

People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings.In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior,the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?

A) the four-field approach
B) cultural evolution
C) sociobiology
D) ethnobiology

Question 19

An anthropologist who has conducted fieldwork on Mormon fundamentalists and their marriage patterns wants to now compare those patterns to those of Muslim tradition.This would require

A) conducting ethnological analysis.
B) undertaking comprehensive holistic analysis.
C) carrying out additional ethnographic fieldwork.
D) locating informants who are both Mormon and Muslim.

Question 20

The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural,and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural,is called

A) myopia.
B) relativism.
C) narrow-mindedness.
D) ethnocentrism.

Question 21

What field of anthropology studies monkeys and apes but not human beings?

A) evolutionary biology
B) paleoanthropology
C) paleoprimatology
D) primatology

Question 22

Anthropology often explores genetics and evolution and looks at our closest relatives in the animal kingdom to gain a greater understanding of what it means to be human.This work is known as

A) evolutionary biology.
B) physical anthropology.
C) primatology.
D) sociobiology.

Question 23

The study of the full scope of human diversity,past and present,and the application of that knowledge to help people understand each other define what aspect of anthropology?

A) ethnology
B) fieldwork
C) holism
D) inclusivity

Question 24

Changes in communication technology that have allowed military spouses to switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalization?

A) Internet communication
B) technological accumulation
C) flexible adaptation
D) time-space compression

Question 25

South Korea has developed very rapidly-huge corporations make vast amounts of money and most workers enjoy a high standard of living.At the same time,the vast majority of people in Guatemala are plagued by extreme poverty,violence,and poor living conditions.This is an example of

A) uneven development.
B) differential monetization.
C) elitism.
D) marginalization.

Question 26

What kind of researchers work to record languages that are disappearing by finding the last speakers and making recordings and dictionaries to preserve them for the future and for language revitalization?

A) descriptive linguists
B) salvage anthropologists
C) cultural anthropologists
D) sociolinguists

Question 27

When we attempt to study languages and their component parts,we are

A) descriptive linguists.
B) cultural anthropologists.
C) sociolinguists.
D) language specialists.

Question 28

Human beings have long been migrant,moving themselves,their material goods,and even ideas from one part of the world to another.This process,which today we call globalization,seems different than in the past due in part to

A) time-space compression.
B) increasing migration.
C) intensification.
D) technology.

Question 29

Many large corporations-Walmart,General Motors,and others-today routinely operate larger numbers of factories in places like China in order to take advantage of very cheap wages.This is an example of

A) uneven development.
B) workload migration.
C) flexible accumulation.
D) global expansion.

Question 30

Who describes spoken languages and preserves them as written languages?

A) historic linguists
B) descriptive linguists
C) ethnolinguists
D) sociolinguists

Question 31

When companies move their production facilities around the world to take advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes,this is called

A) marginal exploitation.
B) technological migration.
C) labor-tax compression.
D) flexible accumulation.

Question 32

Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings in the present and from the past through the excavation and analysis of human material artifacts?

A) archaeology
B) cultural anthropology
C) physical anthropology
D) ethnology

Question 33

The dramatic transformations of economics,politics,and culture are characteristic of what dynamic of contemporary globalization?

A) uneven development
B) dynamic expansion
C) rapid change
D) time-space compression

Question 34

Global poverty has risen dramatically over the past twenty years and is generally considered a sign of

A) economic elitism.
B) uneven development.
C) marginalization.
D) neocolonialism.

Question 35

Ancient rift valleys and deep caves often contain human fossils,which can provide clues about both the lives of our ancient human ancestors as well as a deeper understanding of human evolution.An anthropologist who examines just the human evolutionary aspect of fossils is a

A) prehistoric archaeologist.
B) Darwinian anthropologist.
C) paleoanthropologist.
D) paleoprimatologist.

Question 36

The Latin language of ancient Rome is no longer spoken routinely.What kind of work is needed to examine how Latin changed into the Romance languages of today (French,Spanish,Portuguese,Romanian,and Italian)?

A) descriptive linguistics
B) comparative research
C) classical linguistics
D) historic linguistics

Question 37

Participant observation as a research strategy is an essential part of

A) historic linguistics.
B) cultural anthropology.
C) primatology.
D) descriptive linguistics.

Question 38

Some anthropologists explore all aspects of living human culture-from war and violence to love,sexuality,and child rearing-and look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on these things.They are known as

A) ethnologists.
B) sociolinguists.
C) sociologists.
D) cultural anthropologists.

Question 39

The theory of time-space compression suggests that the way we think about time and space has been transformed.This is said to be the result of

A) flexible time scales.
B) rapid economic growth.
C) rapid discoveries about Earth and the solar system.
D) rapid innovation of communication and transportation.

Question 40

Anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings,and this is accomplished through

A) exploring the past.
B) the four-field approach.
C) looking at biology.
D) participant observation.

Question 41

Time-space compression is one of the key dynamics of globalization.Explain just exactly what time-space compression is and how it works,and give an example.

Question 42

Describe how local communities react to global forces influencing and mingling with local cultures.Support your description with an example from class.

Question 43

Compare and contrast how historic and prehistoric archaeologists investigate past human life,and explain what insights can be gained.

Question 44

Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere.The author notes that many people in local communities respond with

A) active resistance.
B) religious zeal.
C) immigration restrictions.
D) violence.

Question 45

In order to understand how any group of people lives in our global world today,it is necessary to explore not only the customs,beliefs,and other aspects of their local culture but also

A) political systems.
B) global influences.
C) production and exchange systems.
D) religion and belief systems.

Question 46

It is impossible to study a local community today without considering the effect of

A) climate change.
B) diversity.
C) increased migration.
D) global forces.

Question 47

The dramatic impact of globalization in the past and even more so today is driven by what kind of changes?

A) internal and external migration patterns
B) perceptions of time and space
C) greenhouse gases and weather patterns
D) transportation and communication technologies

Question 48

Explain the difference between a descriptive linguist and a sociolinguist.If you knew the last speaker of a language and wanted to preserve that language,who would you call and why?

Question 49

Research that compares multiple communities to examine links between them is referred to as

A) cross-linked.
B) multisited.
C) globalized.
D) bilocational.

Question 50

Explain why anthropologists study nonhuman primates,such as apes and monkeys.

Question 51

Anthropology developed during an intense period of globalization in the ________ century.

A) eighteenth
B) sixteenth
C) nineteenth
D) seventeenth

Question 52

Many people believe that the impact of human activity on the earth is not the major problem that others see today.Such beliefs that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural is known as

A) consensus.
B) conventionality.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) normalcy.

Question 53

The text notes that increasing migration is one of the key dynamics of globalization.Explain where people are moving and why.What effect is this having on people around the world?

Question 54

Explain how anthropologists have had to adapt to the impact of global forces on the communities they study.

Question 55

What key dynamic of globalization is characterized by movement of people not only between countries but also within the individual countries themselves?

A) ease of transportation
B) flexible accumulation
C) increasing migration
D) population drive

Question 56

Bronislaw Malinowski spent two years doing participant observation among the people of the Trobriand Islands,and there he learned about the islanders' beliefs and customs regarding trade,warfare,marriage,sex,and death.What kind of anthropologist was Malinowski? Explain how participant observation works and what kind of information it provides.Name another topic you could study this way and how you would do it.

Question 57

The author states that pollution,population growth,climate change,and overfishing are serious issues,and nature may not be able to adapt to

A) human activity.
B) glacial activity.
C) global warming.
D) intensification.

Question 58

Describe how changes in transportation technology in the nineteenth century led to the development of anthropology.

Question 59

Nepali workers building roads in India,Filipino maids in Saudi Arabia,and Turkish street repairmen in Germany are examples of which global dynamic?

A) time-space compression
B) uneven development
C) international migration
D) increasing migration

Question 60

Today,environmental issues can have a deep impact on local communities and are often severely aggravated by companies taking advantage of lax environmental regulations in those same communities.What aspect of globalization does this demonstrate?

A) environment dodging
B) corruption
C) increasing immigration
D) rapid change

Question 61

Globalization is driving rapid change in human activities.Give an example of one of these rapid changes and explain the positive and negative effects on the people of the world.

Question 62

Globalization is also affecting the world's environment.Identify three effects of human activity on the environment,and then choose one and discuss its consequences.

Question 63

Explain how globalization has enabled flexible accumulation and how it works.Provide an example from class.

Question 64

One aspect of globalization is uneven development.Explain what this means and how it affects the world.Provide an example from class.