Deck 14: Health-Related Quality of Life and Exercise

Question 1

Compare and contrast the subjective and objective approaches to measuring HRQoL.

Answer 1

No Answer.

Question 2

Identify the five dimensions of HRQoL that are most likely to be affected by exercise. Describe the general effects of exercise on each of these dimensions.

Answer 2

No Answer.

Question 3

Imagine that you have been hired to develop an exercise program for a group of men and women with arthritis. You are trying to convince your boss of the importance of measuring HRQoL. Write an essay that discusses at least three reasons why it is important for exercise researchers and programmers to measure HRQoL when creating exercise programs for people with disease and/or disability.

Answer 3

No Answer.

Question 4

Ali and Trayvon have identical scores on objective measures of HRQoL. However, Ali scores much better than Trayvon on subjective measures of HRQoL. How might individual differences explain why Ali reports a better HRQoL than Trayvon?

Question 5

Imagine that you have been asked to measure changes in HRQoL in a study of children with a disability. Discuss the challenges to measuring HRQoL in this population and some of the factors you must consider when choosing a measure for your study.

Question 6

You have been hired as a consultant for a health clinic that wishes to enhance HRQoL among its patients through the use of an exercise intervention. Provide and briefly discuss four recommendations that you believe the clinic should follow when designing the exercise intervention.

Question 7

Specific populations face unique challenges to being physically active, and targeted interventions should be designed to overcome these barriers. First, give an example of a barrier for each of the following barrier categories. Then, provide an intervention strategy for each category and discuss why your strategy would help overcome the specific barrier you listed.
a. Individual barrier
b. Social/cultural barrier
c. Built environment barrier

Question 8

What is the difference between HRQoL and QoL?

A) QoL is a subcomponent of HRQoL
B) QoL only considers objective evaluations of "goodness" of life
C) HRQoL is a subcomponent of QoL
D) HRQoL only considers objective evaluations of "goodness" of life

Question 9

Which of the following can be said about the amount of pain a patient reports experiencing over the past week?

A) It is an objective measure of HRQoL.
B) It is a subjective measure of HRQoL.
C) It cannot be measured by the SF-36.
D) It cannot be improved through exercise interventions.

Question 10

Terry is 62 years old and Alex is 52 years old. They are both expected to live 15 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Which statement is most likely TRUE?

A) Terry and Alex both have poor health
B) Terry is a woman, Alex is a man
C) Alex is confined to bed
D) Terry has perfect health

Question 11

Which consequence of exercise should have the greatest positive impact on an elderly person's HRQoL?

A) Decreased blood pressure
B) Improved performance of activities of daily living
C) Improved cognitive processing
D) Improved performance on a treadmill walking test

Question 12

Which of the following is most weakly associated with changes in HRQoL?

A) Changes in perceived control
B) Changes in disease status
C) Changes in symptoms such as pain, shortness of breath
D) Changes in perceptions of one's physical abilities

Question 13

Which of the following can be said about research on HRQoL and exercise?

A) Reviews and meta-analyses have indicated that special populations do not experience improvements in their HRQoL after exercising.
B) For cancer survivors, moderate- to high-intensity exercise is more effective for reducing fatigue than low-intensity exercise.
C) Studies have shown that exercise can lead to decreases in negative affect but not increases in positive affect.
D) People with a disability need to exercise in a social setting in order to improve their social functioning.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about the LiSAT scale and the SF-36?

A) They are generic measures of HRQoL
B) They are disease-specific measures of HRQoL
C) They use the quality-adjusted life years (QALY) approach
D) They can only be used in studies of exercise interventions

Question 15

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A) Heart failure patients who received drug therapy plus an exercise intervention reported greater HRQoL than patients who received drug therapy only.
B) Literature reviews indicate that, among cancer patients, exercise has significant positive effects on the five exercise-related dimensions of HRQoL.
C) It is well-documented that exercise improves people's satisfaction with their daily cognitive functioning.
D) Exercise has been shown to increase feelings of happiness.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is TRUE about HRQoL and exercise for specific populations?

A) Among cancer survivors, exercise has its most robust effects on physical and social functioning.
B) The goal of an exercise intervention should primarily be to increase strength and endurance.
C) Activity must be done at a heavy intensity to benefit people with a physical disability.
D) Exercise is ineffective for improving perceptions of cognitive functioning among adults with cognitive impairments.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) People who exercise alone experience smaller gains in social functioning than people who exercise with others.
B) People who exercise for health promotion experience greater gains in HRQoL than people who exercise for disease prevention.
C) People who exercise for disease prevention experience greater gains in HRQoL than people who exercise in order to manage a disease that they already have.
D) Exercise does not improve the HRQoL of people who are in good health.

Question 18

Which statement is FALSE?

A) Heart failure patients who received drug therapy plus an exercise intervention reported greater HRQoL than patients who received drug therapy alone.
B) Exercise has been shown to increase feelings of happiness.
C) Exercise might improve HRQoL by enhancing people's self-efficacy for managing their health.
D) A person must experience an actual change in their health and fitness in order to derive HRQoL-enhancing benefits of exercise.

Question 19

Quality exercise experiences occur when people experience which of the following?

A) Mastery, cognitions, self-perceptions
B) Engagement, belongingness, meaning
C) Improved health status, physical functioning and social functioning
D) Improved health related quality of life

Question 20

Many factors might influence the impact of exercise interventions on HRQoL, including whether __________.

A) People value the physical, psychological, and social domains of life.
B) Exercise is performed for health promotion, rehabilitative, or disease management purposes.
C) Other HRQoL-enhancing interventions are combined with exercise interventions.
D) All of the above