Deck 10: Anxiety and Exercise

Question 1

Distinguish between mental illness and mental health problems.

Answer 1

No Answer.

Question 2

Describe the mechanism you believe best explains how exercise leads to anxiety reduction.

Answer 2

No Answer.

Question 3

What is known, from cross-sectional and prospective studies, regarding the association between (lack of) activity and anxiety?

Answer 3

No Answer.

Question 4

Can exercise be useful in the treatment of clinical manifestations of anxiety? What evidence exists to support this answer?

Question 5

With respect to mental health/illness, what does the best epidemiological evidence suggest?

A) One in 5 Americans has a mental disorder in any one year.
B) Mental illness is relatively rare in women aged 18-45 years.
C) Mental health problems are more prevalent in males.
D) All of the above

Question 6

Mental health is defined as a state of successful performance of mental function. The level of positive/negative mental health can be determined by which of the following?

A) Resultant level of productive activities
B) Fulfilling relationships with other people
C) Ability to adapt to change and to cope with adversity
D) All of the above

Question 7

Based on data from nation-wide probability surveys done, which of the following is true?

A) Anxiety disorders are the least prevalent of the mental disorders.
B) Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent of the mental disorders.
C) Best estimates of the one-year prevalence rates for anxiety disorders is about 16%.
D) Both A and C
E) Both B and C

Question 8

Regarding anxiety, which of the following most completely captures the range of symptoms?

A) Unpleasant feelings, changes in cognitions, and changes in behavior
B) Changes in cognitions, bodily symptoms, and changes in behavior
C) Unpleasant feelings, bodily symptoms, changes in cognitions, and changes in behavior
D) Unpleasant feelings, bodily symptoms, changes in cognitions, changes in behavior, and vigilance

Question 9

In four separate cross-sectional epidemiological studies examining the link between exercise and anxiety, Stevens and colleagues (1988) found which of the following?

A) Better mental health was unrelated to the level of physical activity.
B) Fewer symptoms of anxiety were seen with greater levels of physical activity.
C) Individuals who were more sedentary had more anxiety symptoms.
D) Both B and C

Question 10

Which is true of the anxiolytic (anxiety-reducing) effects of an acute bout of exercise?

A) They seem to last 30 minutes to 1 hour.
B) They seem to last 2 to 4 hours.
C) They occur only immediately following the exercise.
D) They last for days and even weeks.

Question 11

Which of the following types of exercise reliably reduce non-clinical levels of state anxiety?

A) Resistance training
B) Stretching and flexibility
C) Aerobic exercise
D) All of the above

Question 12

Anxiety reduction following exercise has been shown for which of the following?

A) Self-report measures of anxiety
B) EMG (muscle tension) measures
C) Cardiovascular (HR, BP) measures
D) All of the above

Question 13

Prevalence rates for anxiety disorders are higher in males than females:

Question 14

Compared to the research literature with non-clinical anxiety, there is an extensive literature examining exercise with clinical anxiety disorders:

Question 15

deVries and Adams (1972) compared the anxiety-reducing effects of differing "doses" of exercise with an anxiety-reducing drug and quiet rest. What was the outcome of this study?

A) The less vigorous exercise condition was superior in reducing muscle tension.
B) The more vigorous exercise condition was superior in reducing self-reported state anxiety.
C) The anxiety-reducing drug was superior to exercise and quiet rest in reducing self-reported anxiety.
D) Both "doses" of exercise significantly reduced muscle tension better than the drug and rest conditions.

Question 16

Based on the results of his research, deVries discussed the influence of exercise on anxiety as having what kind of effect?

A) Stressful effect
B) Sedative effect
C) Invigorating effect
D) Tranquilizer effect

Question 17

According to the most recent information available, it is known that in order to achieve reductions in state anxiety aerobic exercise must be performed for at least 20 minutes.

Question 18

The findings from the 1978 Bahrke & Morgan study have been used as support for which of the following exercise-mental health hypotheses?

A) Distraction hypothesis
B) Endorphin hypothesis
C) Thermogenic hypothesis
D) Monoamine hypothesis

Question 19

The body releases many different hormones into the bloodstream in response to exercise. Which of the following is a morphine-like chemical thought to be the reason for the psychological changes seen with exercise?

A) Endorphins
B) Norepinephrine
C) MHPG
D) Neurotransmitters

Question 20

Exercise of sufficient intensity and/or duration will often lead to an increase in body temperature, which may have therapeutic effects. Of the following proposed mechanisms to explain the effects of exercise to alleviate anxiety, which is based on temperature change?

A) thermonuclear hypothesis
B) thermogenic hypothesis
C) endorphin hypothesis
D) monoamine hypothesis

Question 21

-Based on the figure above (from the study by Bahrke & Morgan, 1978), which of the following can be said about the effect of exercise on state anxiety?

A) Meditation reduces anxiety better than exercise or control (quiet rest).
B) Exercise reduces anxiety better than meditation or control (quiet rest).
C) Exercise and meditation reduce anxiety better than control (quiet rest).
D) Exercise, meditation, and control (quiet rest) are equally effective in reducing anxiety.

Question 22

If, on a questionnaire measure of anxiety, individuals are asked to respond based on how they generally feel, which of the following is the questionnaire assessing?

A) Stress
B) State anxiety
C) Trait anxiety
D) Neuroticism

Question 23

Fit individuals tend to have less anxiety than unfit individuals.

Question 24

Panic disorder is a specific type of anxiety disorder. Some have suggested that exercise might actually induce panic attacks in panic-prone individuals, but others have disputed this. Based on the available evidence, exercise can be considered safe for individuals suffering from panic disorder.