Deck 1: Basic Logical Concepts

Question 1

In which of the following subjects is reasoning outside the concern of logicians?

A)science and medicine
B)ethics
C)politics
D)none of the above

Answer 1

none of the above

Question 2

In correct reasoning,

A)all of the propositions are true
B)the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion
C)the conclusion is never false
D)the conclusion supports the premises

Answer 2

the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion

Question 3

The process of arriving at and affirming one proposition on the basis of one or more other propositions is called:

A)inference
B)hypothetical proposition
C)soundness
D)validity

Answer 3

inference

Question 4

"If undergraduate education in the Humanities is to be successful, students must take courses in a broad range of areas including history, literature, philosophy, and art."
This is an example of:

A)an argument
B)a disjunctive proposition
C)a conditional proposition
D)none of the above

Question 5

"Either cigarette smoking in eating establishments should be banned or these estab- lishments should have designated smoking areas."
This is an example of:

A)an argument
B)a disjunctive proposition
C)a hypothetical proposition
D)none of the above

Question 6

"Cigarette smoking should be banned in all public eating and drinking establishments because second-hand smoke has been shown to be detrimental to one's health."
This is an example of:

A)an argument
B)a disjunctive proposition
C)a hypothetical proposition
D)none of the above

Question 7

(1) If you raise prices even a little, fewer people will buy your product.(2) If fewer people buy your product, your scale of production will become smaller.(3) If your scale becomes smaller, you won't be able to pay the same low bulk prices for sup-plies that you get now, and (4) if you pay higher prices for your supplies, your costs will go up.(5) If that happens, your profits will go down."
What is the conclusion of this passage?

A)(1)
B)(2)
C)(5)
D)There is no stated conclusion

Question 8

(1) The government should enact legislation permitting euthanasia.
(2) Without this legislation people are denied their autonomy.
(3) People have the right to die with dignity and ought to be able to choose to live or die.
What is the conclusion of this passage?

A)(1)
B)(2)
C)(3)
D)There is no stated conclusion

Question 9

"In this area, a lot of snow usually means we'll have a cool summer.We've had a lot of snow this winter (even though it wasn't very cold).I think we'll have a cool summer."
This is:

A)a deductive argument with an unstated conclusion
B)an inductive argument with the last sentence as a conclusion
C)neither inductive nor deductive because its conclusion is false
D)not an argument at all

Question 10

"Women's liberation is solely the product of technological advances in the control of reproduction and the social need to have more bodies to tend to the machines produced by technology."
This is an example of:

A)an argument
B)a complex proposition
C)a simple proposition
D)none of the above

Question 11

An invalid deductive argument is always unsound.

Question 12

In logic, the truth of the premises must be established before any other analysis can
occur.

Question 13

An argument with a false premise cannot be valid.

Question 14

No valid deductive argument can be made any stronger by adding more premises,
no matter what the premises state.

Question 15

If a passage does not contain a conclusion, it cannot be an argument.

Question 16

Matching:

-A __________ proposition makes only one assertion.

A)complex
B)simple
C)disjunctive

Question 17

Matching:

-The _________ of an argument is the proposition that is affirmed on the basis of other propositions in the argument

A)conclusion
B)premise
C)complex proposition

Question 18

Matching:

-An inductive argument claims to support its conclusion only with some degree of _________.

A)validity
B)probability
C)soundness

Question 19

Matching:

-______________ arguments are never evaluated in terms of validity.

A)Deductive
B)Sound
C)Inductive

Question 20

Matching:

-An argument is ________ when it is valid and all of its premises are true.

A)sound
B)invalid
C)valid