Deck 24: Experimental Research

Question 1

In an experiment, which of the following does the researcher systematically vary?

A) Confounding variables
B) Dependent variables
C) Independent variables
D) Control variables

Answer 1

Independent variables

Question 2

What is the name for an experimental design represented by:
R ? O₁ ? X ? O₂
R ? O₁ O₂

A) posttest-only experiment
B) posttest-only control group experiment
C) pretest-posttest control group experiment
D) pretest-posttest experiment

Answer 2

pretest-posttest control group experiment

Question 3

__________ is one where two events co-occur but have no genuine relationship with one another.

A) Cross-tabulation
B) Spurious correlation
C) Regression
D) Causation

Answer 3

Spurious correlation

Question 4

What is the name for an experimental design represented by R ? X ? O₂?

A) posttest-only experiment
B) posttest-only control group experiment
C) pretest-posttest control group experiment
D) pretest-posttest experiment

Question 5

In an experiment, which of the following does the researcher measure?

A) Confounding variables
B) Dependent variables
C) Independent variables
D) Control variables

Question 6

What is the name for an experimental design represented by R ? O₁ ? X ? O₂?

A) posttest-only experiment
B) posttest-only control group experiment
C) pretest-posttest control group experiment
D) pretest-posttest experiment

Question 7

What is the name for an experimental design represented by:
R ? X ? O₂
R O₂

A) posttest-only experiment
B) posttest-only control group experiment
C) pretest-posttest control group experiment
D) pretest-posttest experiment

Question 8

Which of the following research methods is good for establishing causality?

A) Focus groups
B) Surveys
C) Experiments
D) Content analyses

Question 9

Which of the following is not a threat to internal validity of an experiment?

A) History
B) Maturation
C) Testing effects
D) Selection
E) Randomization

Question 10

Which of the following is not a threat to internal validity of an experiment?

A) Instrumentation
B) Selection
C) Conducting the experiment in a laboratory
D) Experimental mortality
E) Interaction effects

Question 11

If Internal validity : Laboratory experiments, External validity : __________.

A) Simulations
B) Field experiments
C) Surveys
D) Focus groups

Question 12

In experiments a random assignment to groups is the same as an arbitrary assignment to groups.

Question 13

The term "factor" is just another fancy name for independent variable

Question 14

The advantage of the repeated-measures design is that fewer subjects are necessary because each subject participates in all conditions.

Question 15

Causation simply cannot meaningfully be inferred from correlation.

Question 16

Correlations are essentially the same as causation.

Question 17

Researchers design experiments specifically in order to be able to make claims about causation.

Question 18

What does randomization accomplish in experiments?

Question 19

How are correlations different from causation? Which research method establishes causation?