Deck 5: Jails: Pretrial Detention and Short-Term Confinement

Question 1

Jails can best be described as facilities that generally have authority to hold inmates for:

A) Less than 48 hours
B) More than 48 hours, but usually no more than six months
C) More than 48 hours, but usually no more than 12 months
D) More than 48 hours, but no maximum amount of time
E) No specific amount of time

Answer 1

More than 48 hours, but usually no more than 12 months

Question 2

In recent years, the number of U.S. jails has been:

A) Increasing because of new construction to deal with overcrowding
B) Increasing because the public is demanding more jails in order to more severely punish offenders
C) Remaining about the same
D) Decreasing because there are fewer people going to jail and the public is demanding more community-based treatment programs
E) Decreasing because older jails are being phased out and smaller jails are being merged

Answer 2

Decreasing because older jails are being phased out and smaller jails are being merged

Question 3

The impact of regional jail consolidation has been to:

A) Improve cost-effectiveness
B) Create political rivalries
C) Reduce staff training opportunities
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Answer 3

Improve cost-effectiveness

Question 4

Use the answer options below for the next two questions:

-This is the type of jail that there are more of throughout the country.

A) Large jails
B) Medium jails
C) Small jails

Question 5

Use the answer options below for the next two questions:

-This is the type of jail that holds the greatest overall percentage of the total jail population in the country.

A) Large jails
B) Medium jails
C) Small jails

Question 6

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . unconvicted.

Question 7

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . convicted but not yet sentenced.

Question 8

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . not accused of a crime.

Question 9

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . serving short sentences (expressed in months).

Question 10

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . serving long sentences (expressed in years).

Question 11

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . waiting to be transferred to prison.

Question 12

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . bail/bond violators.

Question 13

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . misdemeanants.

Question 14

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . felons.

Question 15

By marking True or False, indicate whether jails generally have authority to confine those who are . . .

-. . . serving time in maximum security on death row.

Question 16

Jails have authority to confine:

A) Anyone who is serving time
B) Those suspected of crimes for which they have not been convicted
C) Convicted offenders who are waiting to be sentenced
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Question 17

In terms of percentages, a slight majority of the jail population (about 60 percent) is:

A) Serving time following conviction
B) Awaiting trial
C) Awaiting sentencing
D) Awaiting transfer to prison
E) Awaiting probation or parole revocation hearings

Question 18

The majority of inmates in jail are there as a result of:

A) Personal crimes of violence such as robbery, assault, and homicide
B) Nonviolent crimes such as property, drug, and public order offenses
C) Violating the conditions of probation or parole
D) The state department of corrections being unable to accept any inmates from jails, owing to overcrowding
E) The courts being too slow to sentence offenders following conviction

Question 19

Direct-supervision jails are based on the belief(s) that:

A) No one in jail is guilty of a crime
B) Physical design helps to shape behavior
C) Inmates should be given more power and authority
D) The basic purpose of jails is punishment
E) All of the above

Question 20

Direct-supervision jails are based on the underlying philosophy that inmates in jail:

A) Should be provided with a wide variety of psychological treatment programs
B) Are in jail to be punished for crimes they committed
C) Need to directly participate in setting the rules and regulations governing their behavior
D) Should not be held in worse conditions than those serving time in prison
E) All of the above

Question 21

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-Services such as meals, showers, phones, and visits are provided directly in the living unit.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 22

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-Inmate housing surrounds a secure control booth, from which officers can see directly into the housing unit.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 23

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-Inmates are confined in multiple-housing cells that are lined in rows along a corridor.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 24

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-Verbal interaction with the inmates is maximized.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 25

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-Individual housing units surround an open area.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 26

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-Officers intermittently patrol the walkways outside of the cellblocks.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 27

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-Officers communicate with inmates through an intercom.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 28

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-These are commonly known as direct-supervision jails.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 29

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-The inmate management style can best be described as linear remote surveillance.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 30

Use the following answer options for the next series of questions:

-There are no bars, and no barriers separate officers from the inmates.

A) First-generation jails
B) Second-generation jails
C) Third-generation jails

Question 31

The most often-heard criticism of direct-supervision jails is that they:

A) Are too luxurious
B) Are too treatment oriented
C) Give too much power to the inmates
D) Encourage escapes
E) Do not reduce rates of vandalism, assaults, and other forms of violence

Question 32

The management style of direct-supervision jails is best described as:

A) Decentralized
B) Hierarchical
C) Highly directed
D) Routinized
E) Remote

Question 33

In response to critics of direct-supervision jails, it has been noted that:

A) There are operational reasons for all of the amenities provided
B) Treatment programs are essential to rehabilitation
C) Inmates behave better when they are given more power and authority
D) Inmates will always try to escape from any type of correctional facility
E) Because of the violent nature of their crimes, inmate violence is inevitable in jail

Question 34

The architecture and management style of new-generation jails are based on the belief(s) that:

A) Reintegration is the key to reducing recidivism
B) The environment in which we live and the way we are treated affect our behavior
C) Exposure to more normal conditions tends to produce more normal behavior
D) B and C
E) All of the above

Question 35

In comparison to traditional facilities, the construction and operating costs of direct-supervision jails tend to be:

A) Higher, because of the many amenities that are added
B) Higher, because more staff are needed
C) About the same
D) Lower, because standard, commercial-grade fixtures are used and less maintenance is needed
E) A and B

Question 36

The appointed administrator model of jail management differs from the traditional elected sheriff model of operating jails in terms of the fact that the appointed administrator is responsible for:

A) Seeking election after an appointed term
B) Administering both the local jail and the state prison
C) Administering only the jail
D) Administering the jail and enforcing the law throughout the jurisdiction
E) A and B

Question 37

It has been said that "You can't run a new-generation facility with an old-generation management style," which means that moving to new-generation jailing requires:

A) Replacement of senior-level managers who are substantially older than their subordinates
B) Commitment to a hierarchical organizational approach and a strong chain of command
C) Managers who have not been exposed to the supervisory style associated with traditional jailing
D) A willingness of managers to step in and do operational work when a shift is short-handed
E) Managers who are willing to delegate power and decision-making authority to subordinates

Question 38

With relatively few exceptions, most jails are financed and operated at the _______ level of government. Select the option that makes this statement true when placed in the blank:

A) Local
B) State
C) Federal
D) Regional
E) District

Question 39

In most jurisdictions, the elected official in charge of the jail is the:

A) County solicitor
B) District attorney
C) County sheriff
D) State director of corrections
E) Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons

Question 40

During intake, a newly admitted inmate in jail is:

A) Relieved of valuable personal property
B) Frisk-searched
C) Photographed
D) Fingerprinted
E) All of the above

Question 41

The most common cause of death in jails is:

A) Unsanitary conditions
B) Communicable diseases such as AIDS
C) Suicide
D) Homicide
E) Natural causes

Question 42

To the extent that the above-mentioned cause of death is a significant problem in jails, it is largely because:

A) Jails contain a sizeable number of those who are mentally ill
B) Many new arrivals come to jail under the influence of alcohol or drugs
C) Homicidal violence is typical among the types of people confined in jails
D) It is a violation of rights to use profiles to identify those vulnerable to suicide
E) A and B

Question 43

A sizeable percentage of those in jail are mentally ill because:

A) It is a criminal offense to be mentally ill in many jurisdictions
B) Mental hospitals were closed without sufficient community-based alternatives
C) Stricter regulations make it more difficult to commit someone to a mental hospital
D) A and B
E) B and C

Question 44

The systematic grouping of inmates into categories based on shared characteristics and/or behavior patterns describes the process of:

A) Arraignment
B) Booking
C) Classification
D) Decentralization
E) Determining bail

Question 45

Since inmates are confined there longer, suicide is more likely in prisons than jails.

Question 46

Classification in jail mainly refers to categorizing inmates according to whether they are habitual offenders and therefore likely to recidivate.

Question 47

Classification has been used throughout the history of jails, beginning with their early English origins.

Question 48

In a correctional facility such as a jail, classification primarily functions to promote safety and security.

Question 49

The rated capacity refers to the number of inmates that a correctional facility was originally constructed to confine.

Question 50

A jail is legally overcrowded when it is operating beyond its design capacity.

Question 51

A jail's rated capacity is determined by expert judgment.

Question 52

. . . those who have been booked from those who have not.

Question 53

. . . pretrial defendants from convicted offenders.

Question 54

. . . males from females.

Question 55

. . . adults from juveniles.

Question 56

The systematic grouping of inmates into categories based on shared characteristics and/or behavior patterns describes the process of:

A)Arraignment
B)Booking
C)Classification
D)Decentralization
E)Determining bail

Question 57

The inmate management style can best be described as linear remote surveillance in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 58

These are commonly known as direct supervision jails:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 59

Officers communicate with inmates through an intercom in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 60

Officers intermittently patrol the walkways outside of the cellblocks in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 61

Individual housing units surround an open area in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 62

Verbal interaction with the inmates is maximized occur in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 63

Inmates are confined in multiple-housing cells that are lined in rows along a corridor in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 64

Inmate housing surrounds a secure control booth, from which officers can see directly into the housing unit. This can be found in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 65

Services such as meals, showers, phones, and visits are provided directly in the living unit could be found in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 66

Direct supervision jails are based on the underlying philosophy that inmates in jail:

A)Should be provided with a wide variety of psychological treatment programs
B)Are in jail to be punished for crimes they committed
C)Need to directly participate in setting the rules and regulations governing their behavior
D)Should not be held in worse conditions than those serving time in prison
E)All of the above

Question 67

Direct supervision jails are based on the belief(s) that:

A)No one in jail is guilty of a crime
B)Physical design helps to shape behavior
C)Inmates should be given more power and authority
D)The basic purpose of jails is punishment
E)All of the above

Question 68

There are no bars, and no barriers separating officers from the inmates in:

A)First generation jails
B)Second generation jails
C)Second generation jails.

Question 69

The most often-heard criticism of direct supervision jails is that they:

A)Are too luxurious
B)Are too treatment-oriented
C)Give too much power to the inmates
D)Encourage escapes
E)Do not reduce rates of vandalism, assaults, and other forms of violence

Question 70

The management style of direct supervision jails is best described as:

A)Decentralized
B)Hierarchical
C)Highly directed
D)Routinized
E)Remote

Question 71

A sizeable percentage of those in jail are mentally ill because:

A)It is a criminal offense to be mentally ill in many jurisdictions
B)Mental hospitals were closed without sufficient community-based alternatives
C)Stricter regulations make it more difficult to commit someone to a mental hospital
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 72

To the extent that the above-mentioned cause of death is a significant problem in jails, it is largely because:

A)Jails contain a sizeable number of those who are mentally ill
B)Many new arrivals come to jail under the influence of alcohol or drugs
C)Homicidal violence is typical among the types of people confined in jails
D)It is a violation of rights to use profiles to identify those vulnerable to suicide
E)A and B

Question 73

During intake, a newly-admitted inmate in jail is:

A)Relieved of valuable personal property
B)Frisk searched
C)Photographed
D)Fingerprinted
E)All of the above

Question 74

In most jurisdictions, the elected official in charge of the jail is the:

A)County solicitor
B)District attorney
C)County sheriff
D)State director of corrections
E)Director of the Federal Bureau of Prisons

Question 75

With relatively few exceptions, most jails are financed and operated at the __________ level of government. Select the option that makes this statement true when placed in the blank:

A)Local
B)State
C)Federal
D)Regional
E)District

Question 76

It has been said that "you can't run a new generation facility with an old generation management style," which means that moving to new generation jailing requires:

A)Replacement of senior-level managers who are substantially older than their subordinates
B)Commitment to a hierarchical organizational approach and a strong chain of command
C)Managers who have not been exposed to the supervisory style associated with traditional jailing
D)A willingness of managers to step in and do operational work when a shift is short-handed
E)Managers who are willing to delegate power and decision-making authority to subordinates

Question 77

The appointed administrator model of jail management differs from the traditional elected sheriff model of operating jails in terms of the fact that the appointed administrator is responsible for:

A)Seeking election after an appointed term
B)Administering both the local jail and the state prison
C)Administering only the jail
D)Administering the jail and enforcing the law throughout the jurisdiction
E)A and B

Question 78

In comparison to traditional facilities, the construction and operating costs of direct supervision jails tend to be:

A)Higher, because of the many amenities that are added
B)Higher, because more staff are needed
C)About the same
D)Lower, because standard, commercial-grade fixtures are used and less maintenance is needed
E)A and B

Question 79

The architecture and management style of new generation jails are based on the belief(s) that:

A)Reintegration is the key to reducing recidivism
B)The environment in which we live and the way we are treated affect our behavior
C)Exposure to more normal conditions tends to produce more normal behavior
D)B and C
E)All of the above

Question 80

In response to critics of direct supervision jails, it has been noted that:

A)There are operational reasons for all of the amenities provided
B)Treatment programs are essential to rehabilitation
C)Inmates behave better when they are given more power and authority
D)Inmates will always try to escape from any type of correctional facility
E)Because of the violent nature of their crimes, inmate violence is inevitable in jail