Deck 26: Motivation

Question 1

What is motivation?

A) Arousing effort to stop feeling anxious or stressed about something.
B) The process of attaining goals by arousing, maintaining and directing effort.
C) The process of being rewarded by money, power or other materials to maintain effort at work.
D) None of the above.

Answer 1

The process of attaining goals by arousing, maintaining and directing effort.

Question 2

What are instincts?

A) Ways in which we are comparable to other animals.
B) The ability to be able to perform a task we have never experienced before.
C) Our gut feeling when judging other people.
D) None of the above.

Answer 2

None of the above.

Question 3

According to Hebb (1955), what is the arousal theory of motivation?

A) A theory which maintains that people are motivated to act in ways that keep them at their optimum levels of arousal.
B) A theory which maintains that people are motivated to avoid arousal.
C) A theory which maintains we are motivated by people we find attractive.
D) None of the above.

Answer 3

A theory which maintains that people are motivated to act in ways that keep them at their optimum levels of arousal.

Question 4

What is attribution theory?

A) The way we judge other people influence us and motivate us.
B) The way we decide which stimulus motivates us.
C) The meaning we attach to how aroused we are when faced with a stimulus.
D) None of the above.

Question 5

What is locus of control?

A) A judgement we make on how we either influence an outcome or how things beyond our control influence an outcome.
B) A judgement we make on how much energy we have at any given time to devote to motivation.
C) A judgement we make on how much control we have in producing motivational energy.
D) None of the above.

Question 6

According to goal theory, what are the three different types of goals that might motivate us?

A) Physiological need goals, intellectual need goals and entertainment need goals.
B) Mastery goals, performance goals and social goals.
C) Fame, fun and fortune.
D) None of the above.

Question 7

What is intrinsic motivation?

A) Motivation that is internally generated.
B) Motivation that is externally generated.
C) Motivation that is hidden and unconscious.
D) None of the above.

Question 8

People who have high sensation seeking tend to be motivated to engage in:

A) more risky behaviour, more high risk jobs and more extreme sports.
B) less risky behaviour, low risk jobs and low risk sports.
C) high risk jobs but low risk sports/hobbies.
D) None of the above.

Question 9

What is achievement motivation?

A) It is the desire to seek help, improving self-motivation.
B) It is an ego defence mechanism system that protects us when we fail to achieve goals
C) It is the desire to accomplish tasks, achieve goals and excel.
D) None of the above

Question 10

What is the main assumption of the incentive theory of motivation?

A) That we are attracted to behaviours that offer positive incentives and discouraged from those behaviours that we associate with negative behaviours.
B) That we are most strongly motivated by those behaviours that provide positive outcomes or rewards.
C) That the experience of feeling motivated is rewarding in itself and encourages us to achieve things.
D) None of the above.

Question 11

All of the following are examples of primary drives EXCEPT:

A) sex
B) hunger
C) money
D) thirst

Question 12

What is expectancy theory?

A) A cognitive theory of work motivation that suggests we are most motivated when we expect a large bonus.
B) A cognitive theory of work motivation that proposes that workers are motivated when they expect their efforts and job performance to result in desired outcomes.
C) A cognitive theory of work motivation that proposes workers are motivated by what their managers expect in a day's work.
D) None of the above.

Question 13

What is self-efficacy?

A) The set of beliefs that one can perform adequately in a particular situation.
B) A cognitive-based judgement of what things will motivate us.
C) A cognitive-based judgement of what things will not motivate us.
D) None of the above.

Question 14

What are mastery goals?

A) Goals that focus on the motivation provided by dominating other people.
B) Goals that focus on the power of social status as a motivating force.
C) Goals that focus on gaining competence or mastering a new set of knowledge or skills.
D) None of the above.

Question 15

The highest level of motive according to Maslow is:

A) need for success.
B) esteem needs.
C) physiological need.
D) self-actualization.

Question 16

Biological theories of motivation fail to take into account:

A) the role of external influences such as money, status, etc.
B) cognitive influences on what motivates us.
C) that men and women have different biological motivators.
D) None of the above.

Question 17

Incentive theory maintains that:

A) external stimuli motivate behaviour.
B) individuals are attracted to behaviours that offer positive incentives.
C) individuals at work are mostly motivated by financial incentives.
D) A and B

Question 18

The cognitive x value theory states that goal-directed behaviour is motivated by two cognitive judgements. First, the strength of an individual's expectation that engagement in a particular behaviour will lead to goal obtainment (expectation value). Second:

A) the value that the individual places on the goal (incentive value).
B) the value that the individual places on success (success value).
C) the value that the social group places on this goal attainment (social value).
D) None of the above.

Question 19

Individuals with ego-involved goals seek to:

A) enhance their status among their friends.
B) only engage in tasks that make them feel good.
C) enhance how they feel about themselves.
D) None of the above.