Deck 19: The Self, Others and Social Relationships

Question 1

The existential self is sometimes known as:

A) the 'I'.
B) the 'me'.
C) the categorical self.
D) the individual self.

Answer 1

the 'I'.

Question 2

Which of the following statements has NOT been supported by research findings?

A) Newborns prefer faces to other similar stimuli.
B) Newborns look longer at attractive faces.
C) Newborns can imitate adult facial expressions.
D) Newborns look longer at photographs of themselves than other babies.

Answer 2

Newborns look longer at photographs of themselves than other babies.

Question 3

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) Social referencing involves checking the reactions of others.
B) Social referencing occurs at about 8-9 months.
C) Social referencing occurs at the same age that infants start to show things to other people.
D) Social referencing indicates the presence of the executive self.

Answer 3

Social referencing indicates the presence of the executive self.

Question 4

At what age do infants react when they see themselves in the mirror with some lipstick on their nose?

A) 12 months.
B) 16 months.
C) 20 months.
D) 24 months.

Question 5

A child who believes that a person's gender remains the same despite changes in clothes and appearance has achieved:

A) gender identity.
B) gender stability.
C) gender constancy.
D) gender invariance.

Question 6

Which of the following findings is the LEAST problematic for the idea that attachment is caused by reinforcement?

A) Findings about imprinting.
B) The observation that children show distress at separation from their caregiver at about 8-9 months.
C) Schaffer and Emerson's findings about attachment.
D) Harlow's findings about attachment in monkeys.

Question 7

Who devised the strange situation?

A) Ainsworth
B) Bowlby
C) Schaffer
D) Harlow

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT considered a type of attachment that is identified by the use of the strange situation?

A) Disorganised
B) Independent
C) Ambivalent
D) Unresponsive

Question 9

Who developed the adult attachment interview?

A) Ainsworth
B) Bowlby
C) Main, Kaplan and Cassidy
D) Van Ijendoorn

Question 10

Longitudinal studies indicate that:

A) the type of attachment shown in infancy helps to predict later characteristics.
B) maternal responsiveness to infants can affect later development.
C) attachment in infancy affects later behaviour
D) None of the above.

Question 11

Research findings provide support for three of the following statements. Which statement is the exception?

A) Infants under four months do not show prolonged distress when separated from their parents.
B) The separation of young children from their mother usually results in prolonged distress.
C) Separation from parents is a major cause of delinquency.
D) Conflict, not separation from a parent, can result in behaviour problems.

Question 12

Which of the following was not identified by Bowlby as a response to separation?

A) Protest
B) Despair
C) Detachment
D) Recovery

Question 13

Which of the following statements is inaccurate?

A) Bullies often have assistants and reinforcers.
B) Bullies are poor at understanding other children's thinking and beliefs.
C) About a fifth of children are bullied.
D) Bullying decreases between 8 and 15 years

Question 14

Which of the following has not discussed the origins of theory of mind?

A) Hobson
B) Leslie
C) Baron-Cohen
D) Kanner

Question 15

Which of the following terms has not been used to try to explain the lack of theory of mind in children with autism?

A) Central coherence
B) Mindblindness
C) Refrigerator parents
D) Metarepresentations

Question 16

Which task is not used to assess theory of mind?

A) Windows task
B) Pretend play
C) Maxi task
D) Embedded figures task

Question 17

What does mindmindedness involve?

A) Ability to pass TOM tasks.
B) Speech that refers to the thoughts and feelings of an infant.
C) Failing to understand the thinking of others.
D) None of the above.

Question 18

Adolescence begins:

A) at puberty.
B) when no longer being treated as a child.
C) at the end of the growth spurt.
D) There is no generally agreed definition of the start of adolescence.

Question 19

The focal theory of adolescence supposes that:

A) difficulties occur for some individuals at some times.
B) all adolescents experience storm and stress.
C) the periods of storm and stress are particularly intense.
D) the difficulties of adolescence are based in biological changes.