Deck 16: An Introduction to Developmental Psychology

Question 1

As the term used by psychologists, which of the following provides the best definition of an 'infant'?

A) A child under 24 months of age.
B) A baby.
C) A child who is not old enough to go to school.
D) A child who is in the younger part of a primary school.

Answer 1

A child under 24 months of age.

Question 2

Which of the following provides the best definition of the term 'peer', as it is used by psychologists?

A) A child who is older.
B) A child who is younger.
C) A child who is roughly the same age.
D) A child who is more able than another of the same age.

Answer 2

A child who is roughly the same age.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct statement about empiricists?

A) Empiricists rely on experiments to investigate development.
B) Empiricists believe in the role of nature.
C) Empiricists believe that experience has an important role in development.
D) Chomsky is an empiricist.

Answer 3

Empiricists believe that experience has an important role in development.

Question 4

Which statement is incorrect?

A) Learning theory provides a generally accepted account of language acquisition.
B) Learning theory was challenged by the work of Harlow.
C) Learning theory was challenged by the work of Schaffer & Emerson.
D) Learning theory was criticized by Chomsky.

Question 5

Which of the following statements applies to the age of adoption of a child from very poorly resourced orphanages?

A) The child will recover irrespective of their age.
B) The child will never fully recover.
C) Not enough research has been carried out to give advice.
D) The sooner the adoption the better for the child.

Question 6

What did the findings from Werner & Smith's (1982) study suggest?

A) The effects of birth difficulties are not mediated by family resources and social class.
B) The effects of birth difficulties only depend on the severity of the difficulties.
C) Social class is the most important determinant of development.
D) The effects of birth difficulties and family resources influence children's development.

Question 7

Findings indicate that the Headstart programme had:

A) no effect on development.
B) an initial effect which did not continue.
C) an initial effect and an effect at later ages.
D) only an effect at later ages.

Question 8

Which of these is the correct spelling?

A) Terratogen
B) Terogen
C) Teratogen
D) Tetatogen

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Humans have 21 pairs of chromosomes.
B) A zygote only contains chromosomes from the mother.
C) Chromosomes are located on genes.
D) Each egg holds a random selection of chromosomes from the father and the mother.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) At birth one can see the genotype of a person.
B) At birth one cannot yet see the phenotype of a person.
C) The phenotype and genotype are often exactly the same.
D) At birth one can see the phenotype of a person.

Question 11

Huntington's disease involves:

A) a dominant and recessive gene.
B) two recessive genes.
C) an early onset disease.
D) two dominant genes.

Question 12

Which of the following statements is incorrect about PKU?

A) PKU is caused by two recessive genes.
B) PKU can be treated.
C) PKU can be detected at birth.
D) PKU is always inherited through the father.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about behavioural genetics is correct?

A) Behavioural genetics give an estimate of the effects of heredity in a particular environment.
B) Behavioural genetics assumes that there are two influences on development.
C) Behavioural genetics assumes that all behaviours are inherited.
D) Behavioural genetics give an estimate of the universal influence of inherited characteristics.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Experiments always take place in a laboratory.
B) Observations always take place in non-laboratory settings.
C) An experiment allows an investigation to be made of causes.
D) Experiments always use cross-sectional designs.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) Observations in the home are better because children feel more at ease.
B) Observations in the home suffer from lack of control over all the variables.
C) Ethical approval needs to be obtained for studies in a child's home.
D) Experiments cannot be conducted in home settings.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the term 'cohort', as used by psychologists?

A) A group of individuals who were all born at about the same time.
B) A group of individuals who take part in a longitudinal study.
C) A group of individuals who take part in a cross-sectional study.
D) A group of individuals who are related to one another.

Question 17

What of the following statements is correct?

A) It is relatively easy for psychologists to establish the effects of a certain experience.
B) Ethical and humane considerations prevent many crucial experiments about development.
C) Natural experiments can establish the cause of a behaviour.
D) Random assignment of children to conditions occurs in correlational studies.