Deck 13: Albert Bandura

Question 1

Thorndike concluded that observational learning occurred:

A)only in lower animals
B)only in humans
C)in both lower animals and humans
D)in neither lower animals nor humans

Answer 1

in neither lower animals nor humans

Question 2

Thorndike and Watson concluded that learning resulted:

A)only from direct experience
B)only from vicarious experience
C)from both vicarious and direct experience
D)from both vicarious experience and observation

Answer 2

only from direct experience

Question 3

Everyone applauds at the end of a stage play.This exemplifies:

A)matched-dependent behavior
B)same behavior
C)copying behavior
D)observational learning

Answer 3

same behavior

Question 4

Not knowing how to act, the new student on campus models his or her behavior after the students who have been around for a while.This exemplifies:

A)matched-dependent behavior
B)same behavior
C)copying behavior
D)observational learning

Question 5

According to Bandura, learning occurs:

A)only when there is drive
B)as the result of direct experience
C)constantly
D)independent of observation

Question 6

Which of the following can act as a model?

A)a person
B)a film
C)instruction
D)all of the above

Question 7

According to Bandura a model is:

A)a human seen as similar to oneself
B)any individual who does something exceptionally well
C)anything that conveys information
D)any person or film

Question 8

According to Bandura, how can performance at a task improve even after the observation of someone modeling the task has terminated?

A)fatigue dissipates, thus causing improvement
B)the observer compares his or her performance with the memory of the modeled experience
C)the observer seeks out other models to demonstrate the same task
D)all of the above

Question 9

It is Bandura' s contention that the environment, the person and behavior all interact to produce subsequent behavior.This contention is called:

A)determinism
B)logical positivism
C)existential-humanism
D)reciprocal determinism

Question 10

Problems result if one's perceived self-efficacy is _____than one's real self-efficacy.

A)higher
B)lower
C)both a and b
D)none of the above

Question 11

What, according to Bandura, makes it possible for humans to act immorally?

A)mechanisms that dissociate reprehensible acts from self-sanctions
B)a faulty moral code
C)the absence of a superego
D)lack of proper religious training

Question 12

The statement, "I couldn't be the only one saying no," exemplifies:

A)moral justification
B)displacement of responsibility
C)advantageous comparison
D)diffusion of responsibility

Question 13

When a modeling experience causes a person to engage in an activity which was previously feared, the process is called:

A)acquisition
B)inhibition
C)disinhibition
D)facilitation

Question 14

Rule or principle learning is accomplished by:

A)abstract modeling
B)symbolic modeling
C)multiple modeling
D)direct modeling

Question 15

According to Bandura, the job of the therapist should be to:

A)gain insight into the client's emotional problem
B)disconfirm erroneous expectations
C)give the client unconditional positive regard
D)shape desirable behavior patterns

Question 16

Bandura, Grusel and Menlove (1967) used to extinguish a dog phobia.

A)symbolic modeling
B)direct modeling
C)abstract modeling
D)multiple modeling

Question 17

Bandura and Menlove (1968) used to extinguish a dog phobia.

A)symbolic modeling
B)direct modeling
C)behavior modification
D)modeling with participation

Question 18

Which technique did Bandura, Blanchard, and Ritter (1969) find most effective?

A)desensitization therapy
B)modeling with participation
C)symbolic modeling
D)behavior modification

Question 19

Bandura refers to his theory as a ______ theory.

A)reinforcement
B)social learning
C)hypothetical-deductive
D)social cognitive

Question 20

Human Agency is the term Bandura uses to describe

A)effects of viewing human models
B)conscious planning and intentions
C)ability to ignore modeling
D)planned use of models

Question 21

Watson concluded that observational learning occurred:

A)only in lower animals
B)only in humans
C)in both lower animals and humans
D)in neither lower animals nor humans

Question 22

Dollard and Miller concluded that observational learning was:

A)unlike any other kind of learning
B)a form of instrumental conditioning
C)a form of classical conditioning
D)impossible

Question 23

An art instructor guides the responses of a student so as to improve his or her drawing ability.This exemplifies:

A)matched-dependent behavior
B)same behavior
C)copying behavior
D)observational learning

Question 24

The saying, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do," exemplifies:

A)matched-dependent behavior
B)same behavior
C)copying behavior
D)observational learning

Question 25

According to Bandura, one can learn by:

A)observing the consequences of one's own behavior
B)observing the consequences of the behavior of others
C)both a and b
D)none of the above

Question 26

is demonstrated when observers increase behavior for which they have seen others reinforced.

A)Negative reinforcement
B)Extrinsic reinforcement
C)Vicarious punishment
D)Vicarious reinforcement

Question 27

Failure of an observer to match the behavior of a model may result from:

A)inadequately coding modeled events for memory representation
B)physical inability to perform
C)experiencing insufficient incentives
D)all of the above

Question 28

Which of the following can influence what an observer attends to?

A)sensory capabilities
B)prior reinforcements
C)characteristics of models
D)all of the above

Question 29

According to Bandura, reinforcement:

A)creates expectancies
B)acts as an incentive to translate learning into performance
C)both a and b
D)none of the above

Question 30

According to social cognitive theory, reinforcement:

A)acts backward to strengthen preceding imitative responses
B)is important because anticipation of it influences the learner's attentional, organizational, and rehearsal processes
C)both a and b
D)none of the above

Question 31

If one acts aggressively, it tends to cause those around him or her to act aggressively.This exemplifies:

A)the environment influencing behavior
B)the person influencing his or her own behavior
C)the environment influencing the person
D)behavior influencing the environment

Question 32

According to Bandura, which is the most powerful kind of reinforcer?

A)extrinsic
B)intrinsic
C)anything that reduces drive
D)intermittent

Question 33

refers to one's impression of what one is capable of doing.

A)Self-efficacy
B)Perceived self-efficacy
C)Motor reproductive processes
D)all of the above

Question 34

Individuals with high perceived self-efficacy compared to individuals with low perceived self-efficacy.

A)try more
B)accomplish more
C)experience less fear
D)all of the above

Question 35

The statement, "Sure I did that, but look at what he did," exemplifies:

A)moral justification
B)displacement of responsibility
C)advantageous comparison
D)diffusion of responsibility

Question 36

The statement, "I did it, because I was ordered to do so," exemplifies:

A)euphemistic labeling
B)attribution of blame
C)diffusion of responsibility
D)displacement of responsibility

Question 37

According to Bandura, which of the following can stimulate aggressive or antisocial behavior in some viewers?

A)fictional television
B)television newscasts
C)pornographic movies
D)all of the above

Question 38

Bandura indicates that violence as portrayed in fictional television:

A)is easily discerned to be fiction and therefore does not encourage violence
B)is harmful only to younger viewers
C)tends to teach strong moral lessons about punishment, pain, and suffering
D)none of the above