Deck 9: Cognitive Interventions

Question 1

How would you describe the theory behind the cognitive therapies?

Answer 1

No Answer

Question 2

What makes these therapies are so popular today?

Answer 2

No Answer

Question 3

Think of your favorite crime show or movie. Identify a criminal act in the movie. Complete the ABC model on that criminal act. If the "beliefs" are not stated, take a guess at what irrational thoughts led to the criminal action. Be sure you list the feelings, action and external consequences under "C".

Answer 3

No Answer

Question 4

Think of an occasion when you made a choice you were not proud of (e.g. yelled at someone, lied about something, didn't meet a commitment). Try to complete a behavior chain. Begin by writing down the action you are not proud of on the action line. Then work backwards, identifying the situation that triggered your action, your thoughts and your feelings before you acted, and then write down the positive and negative consequences after your action took place.

Question 5

Think about the last time you experienced a strong negative emotion (e.g. sadness, anger, anxiety). Can you recall what thoughts went through your mind before or during the experience? Write them down. Can you dispute them-that is, point out the irrational elements in them? Finally try to restructure or change your thoughts into more rational thoughts.

Question 6

Describe the techniques and goal of moral education interventions.

Question 7

Explain the difference between a cognitive restructuring program and a cognitive skills program.

Question 8

What role do antisocial thinking styles play in crime causation?

Question 9

How effective are cognitive-behavioral programs with female correctional clients?

Question 10

How do correctional programs lose their integrity?

Question 11

"Cognitive" refers to thinking processes

Question 12

In cognitive therapy, the counselor tries to teach the client in a small number of sessions how to change his or her thinking patterns and how to solve problems more constructively

Question 13

In the past decade, cognitive treatment modalities have been pushed aside in favor of more up-to-date psychoanalytic and person-centered therapies

Question 14

Rational Emotive Therapy is concerned with emotions and thoughts that impair our existence

Question 15

In Rational Emotive Therapy, disqualifying occurs when one re-labels positive experiences as "not counting" for one reason or another

Question 16

An important aspect of Rational Emotive Therapy is the client's early history, unconscious thoughts and desires, and nonverbal behavior

Question 17

Yochelson and Samenow identified more than 50 "thinking errors" in their work with clients at St. Elizabeth's Hospital

Question 18

Cognitive restructuring focuses on the process of one's reasoning

Question 19

Most of Kohlberg's work was with incarcerated females in programs referred to as the Just Community

Question 20

Moral Reconation Therapy is a cognitive-behavioral program that is growing in popularity, but evaluation results have been unimpressive

Question 21

"Moving On" is a cognitive curriculum that alters the treatment targets to be more responsive to incarcerated males

Question 22

Cognitive therapies should be gender-responsive to improve outcomes for incarcerated women

Question 23

Extensive research has shown that cognitive behavioral programs are the most effective programming for female clients

Question 24

While policymakers and practitioners are optimistic about the cognitive-behavioral approach, much needs to be done to assure that the programs are delivered according to their design

Question 25

The cognitive therapies require active and directive counselors who challenge and confront clients with their irrational thoughts and irresponsible behavior

Question 26

All of the following are true statements that explain the popularity of cognitive therapies except:

A) cognitive therapies are the most time efficient compared to other models.
B) cognitive strategies are easier to use because they target observable thinking and behavior patterns.
C) the cognitive strategies provide a framework for confronting harmful behaviors and dysfunctional thought patterns.
D) meta-analyses of cognitive interventions have shown the programs to be highly effective.

Question 27

What are the consequences of irrational beliefs according to Rational Emotive Therapy?

A) irrational beliefs decrease happiness and maximize pain.
B) irrational beliefs are distorted perceptions of the activating event.
C) irrational beliefs prevent the client from fulfilling his or her desires in the future.
D) all of the above

Question 28

In _______________, one negative event is seen as a never-ending pattern of defeat.

A) all-or-nothing thinking
B) overgeneralization
C) magnification
D) shoulding

Question 29

According to Burns's "irrational ways of thinking," you exaggerate the impor?tance of something when you:

A) overgeneralize
B) catastrophize
C) jump to conclusions
D) resort to shoulding

Question 30

Burns states that by dwelling on negative details and leaving out the positive aspects, ______ occurs.

A) disqualifying
B) magnification
C) mental filtering
D) catastrophizing

Question 31

Which of the following statements is not one of Yochelson and Samenow's "thinking errors" of correctional clients?

A) they develop an "I can't" attitude toward their own responsibilities.
B) they refuse to accept responsibility.
C) they appear to understand what constitutes trustworthy behavior.
D) many cannot seem to accept criticism.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is not one of Yochelson and Samenow's corrections techniques?

A) pointing out the ways in which the client may be refusing to accept re?sponsibilities
B) attempting to ignore and downplay "power thrusts"
C) teaching appropriate skills of anger management
D) teaching clients that trust must be earned and call attention to in?stances in which the client is betraying the trust of others

Question 33

All-or-nothing thinking has been noted by counselors to be particularly characteristic of:

A) people who abuse alcohol.
B) people who abuse drugs.
C) people who are bulimic.
D) all of the above

Question 34

According to Rational Emotive Therapy, irrational thinking skills result in:

A) magnification or catastrophizing.
B) all-or-nothing thinking.
C) overgeneralization.
D) all of the above

Question 35

The primary goal of Albert Ellis's Rational Emotive Therapy is to:

A) challenge and confront the client's incorrect and maladaptive beliefs.
B) identify maladaptive schemas or patterns of cognitive distortion that may be resulting in unhappiness and/or depression.
C) expose clients to stress under controlled conditions so that they can gain more effective ways of coping.
D) learn a functional approach to social problem solving.

Question 36

Most correctional client-based cognitive programs require how many sessions?

A) 10-20
B) 30-40
C) 60-70
D) 90-100

Question 37

According to cognitive theory, anxiety is reinforced because:

A) a previously neutral stimulus is paired with a frightening event.
B) self-defeating thoughts increase anxiety.
C) avoidant behavior is rewarded by anxiety reduction.
D) modeling increases anxiety.

Question 38

Which of the following is not a cognitive therapy?

A) self-instructional training
B) rational Emotive Therapy
C) punishing Smarter Strategies
D) aggression Replacement Training

Question 39

In the curriculum titled Problem Solving, participants are instructed on "the conflict cycle," which helps them understand how:

A) to make the right choice of what to do.
B) to define the problem and determine resolution.
C) their thinking can lead to consequences.
D) to differentiate facts from opinions.

Question 40

Cognitive skills programs that include Living Skills have provided people incarcerated with a foundation for later modules such as:

A) community reintegration.
B) parenting skills.
C) managing their finances.
D) all of the above

Question 41

Participants in cognitive skills programs are taught the importance of cognitions, for example:

A) thinking bad thoughts always leads to criminal action.
B) what we do in our minds controls what we do in our lives.
C) what the general community thinks of the actions of the individual.
D) none of the above

Question 42

In the final stage of Postconventional Reasoning:

A) decisions are predicated on the desire to avoid punishment.
B) decisions reflect a desire to maintain social institutions.
C) ethical principles and respect for others are used to generate moral decisions.
D) moral reasoning reflects an application of the "Golden Rule."

Question 43

Instead of placing a priority on whether women clients are blaming their victims, a more productive focus of cognitive behavioral treatment might target:

A) self-efficacy.
B) healthy relationships and family issues.
C) trauma and abuse.
D) all of the above

Question 44

Agencies could incur serious problems with treatment integrity if they:

A) omit adequate training.
B) develop treatment manuals.
C) implement the program as it was designed.
D) maintain good relationships with the participants.