Deck 2: European Invasion

Question 1

The first to make contact with the New World were

A)Columbus and his crew in 1492.
B)Vikings in A.D.500.
C)Asian hunter-gatherers 17,000 years ago.
D)Portuguese explorers in 1400.

Answer 1

Asian hunter-gatherers 17,000 years ago.

Question 2

The Indian New Deal or Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 did all of the following EXCEPT

A)ended the allotment system.
B)continued allotment because it successfully changed Indians into farmers.
C)returned unsold land to tribes.
D)made efforts to restore the land base.

Answer 2

continued allotment because it successfully changed Indians into farmers.

Question 3

In 1944, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was formed to

A)resist the government-initiated Termination Policy.
B)obtain veterans benefits for Indians who had fought oversees.
C)build college-level schools on reservations.
D)reverse reforms established by the Indian Reorganization Act.

Answer 3

resist the government-initiated Termination Policy.

Question 4

In 2015, Canada's Truth and Reconciliation Commission declared that the country's Indian boarding school policy

A)should be eliminated at upper grade levels.
B)encouraged the participation of parents.
C)had increased the reading proficiency among Indian students.
D)amounted to cultural genocide.

Question 5

As a result of the Spanish mission system, Indians faced

A)cooperative farming for trade with the missions.
B)preservation of Indian cultures.
C)enslavement as laborers.
D)better health and longer life expectancy.

Question 6

The 1973 occupation of Wounded Knee Creek by members of the American Indian Movement (AIM) resulted in

A)an annual ceremony to commemorate the event.
B)the election of the first Native American senator.
C)considerable publicity for the Indian cause.
D)a television ban of AIM activities.

Question 7

Native Americans used tobacco

A)primarily for ceremonies.
B)mainly for recreation.
C)because European settlers gave it to them.
D)but they never cultivated the plant.

Question 8

Briefly compare the different objectives of Spain, France, Russia, and England when they entered the New World.

Question 9

Describe the impact of European disease on the native populations in the New World.How did extensive trading influence the transmission of disease?

Question 10

In what ways did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 affect Native Americans? What were some of the consequences of government corruption on the reservations?

Question 11

Who promoted the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, and what did it do?

Question 12

In 1887 the Dawes Act was passed to

A)allot parcels of land to individual Indians.
B)exchange land for military participation.
C)reestablish European ownership that had been dismissed by previous treaties.
D)allow land ownership through an established barter system.

Question 13

The non-Indian belief in manifest destiny, an idea used to justify taming the wild west and "civilizing" its inhabitants, led to

A)better relations with Plains tribes.
B)broken treaties and the Indian Wars of the west.
C)a negative attitude about acquiring new territory.
D)greater interest in Indian cultures and beliefs.

Question 14

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is responsible for all of the following EXCEPT

A)fostering Indian self-determination.
B)providing law enforcement and health services to native groups.
C)managing land held in trusts for Indian nations.
D)retaining good-faith water rights.

Question 15

How did Europeans initially react to the discovery of the New World?

A)By trying to learn from Indians
B)By conquering people and looting resources
C)Primarily by converting the natives to Christianity
D)By duplicating Indian weaponry

Question 16

In 1526, the first to establish a colony in the southern part of North America were

A)the Spanish.
B)the Portuguese.
C)the French Canadians.
D)the British.

Question 17

Spain's approach to the New World included all of the following EXCEPT

A)converting Indians to Christianity.
B)establishing an imperial presence.
C)taking rich resources.
D)procuring land for settlers.

Question 18

The encomienda system was

A)fair to Indians.
B)a form of Indian feudalism.
C)based on communes.
D)not used often.

Question 19

The Dutch, the French, and the Russians were primarily interested in

A)the fur trade.
B)establishing direct control over the population.
C)gaining land to farm.
D)building settlements.

Question 20

The English came to the New World for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

A)to gain land for landless English citizens.
B)to ease unemployment in Great Britain.
C)to use it as a home for exiled criminals.
D)to exploit native resources.

Question 21

Indian slavery in the colonies

A)led to the formation of the Freedom Act.
B)reduced interest in the African slave trade.
C)caused an increase in native warfare.
D)encouraged many colonists to return to Europe.

Question 22

As general of the Army in 1869, General William T.Sherman

A)formed peaceful agreements with Indians.
B)was dismissed for sympathizing too much with Natives American causes.
C)campaigned to exterminate Indians.
D)campaigned to send Indian children to boarding schools.

Question 23

During the French and Indian War

A)the British allied with the French in Canada against the Indians.
B)the French in Canada allied with the Indians against the British.
C)the victors gained ownership of Spanish Florida.
D)independent Indian settlements were established along the Canadian border.

Question 24

The Proclamation Line of 1763

A)prevented Indians from voting.
B)returned misappropriated land to Indians.
C)limited English colonization westward.
D)marked the boundary between Protestant and Catholic missionaries to the Indians.

Question 25

Discuss the major culture and biological impacts of Europeans on American Indians.

Question 26

The first Europeans to make the earliest documented contact with the New World were __________.

A)Columbus and crew in 1492
B)Vikings in A.D.500
C)Portuguese in 1400
D)Norse, around A.D.1000

Question 27

Europeans traveled to the New World in order to __________.

A)learn from Indians
B)conquer people and loot resources
C)primarily to convert natives to Christianity
D)all of the above

Question 28

Spain's approach to the New World included __________.

A)converting Indians
B)establishing an imperial presence
C)taking rich resources
D)all of the above

Question 29

The encomienda system was __________.

A)fair to Indians
B)a form of Indian feudalism
C)based on communes
D)not used often

Question 30

The repartimiento system __________.

A)was a way to Christianize Indians
B)gave land back to Indians
C)replaced the encomienda system
D)helped Europeans obtain furs from Indians

Question 31

The Dutch, the French, and the Russians were primarily interested in __________.

A)the fur trade
B)converting Indians to Christianity
C)gaining land to farm
D)building settlements

Question 32

The English came to the New World primarily__________.

A)to gain land
B)to ease unemployment in Great Britain
C)to get rid of criminals
D)none of the above
E)all of the above

Question 33

As General of the Army in 1869, General William T.Sherman __________.

A)formed peaceful agreements with Indians
B)was fired for sympathizing too much with Natives' causes
C)campaigned to exterminate Indians in the West
D)campaigned to send Indian children to boarding schools

Question 34

The French/Indian War, which ended in 1763, __________.

A)ignored the British
B)was won by the British
C)ended with settlers respecting terms of the treaty
D)was a dispute over Central America

Question 35

The Proclamation Line of 1763 __________.

A)prevented Indians from voting
B)returned misappropriated land to Indians
C)limited European expansion westward
D)marked the boundary between Protestant and Catholic missionaries to the Indians

Question 36

In the 1830s the Supreme Court ruled that __________.

A)Indian tribes were really like foreign countries
B)Indian tribes must become civilized
C)eastern tribes should be moved west
D)Indian tribes were sovereign, dependent nations

Question 37

The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) __________.

A)began in the Department of the Interior in 1849
B)began in the War Department
C)began to put Indians on reservations
D)was never an official government agency

Question 38

Primary responsibilities of the Bureau of Indian Affairs include __________.

A)education and health services
B)changing Indian treaties
C)management of Indian trust lands
D)a and c
E)all of the above

Question 39

The non-Indian belief in Manifest Destiny led to __________.

A)better relations with Plains tribes
B)more wars with Indians
C)a negative attitude toward acquiring new territory
D)more interest in Indian cultures and beliefs

Question 40

After the War of 1812, __________.

A)Americans wanted peace with Indians.
B)Americans encouraged statehood for Indian territories
C)Americans chose to remove Indians to reservations
D)Indians asked to end treaty-making

Question 41

In the 1870s American Indian policy __________.

A)shifted from segregation to assimilation
B)extended treaty-making into the 1890s
C)allowed Indian children to remain on reservations to maintain their culture
D)added land to most Indian reservations

Question 42

The Indian New Deal or Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 __________.

A)continued allotment because it successfully changed Indians to farmers
B)returned unsold land to tribes
C)ended allotment
D)a and b
E)b and c

Question 43

In Canada __________.

A)Indian reserves are owned outright by Indians
B)all Indians are recognized federally
C)Indians were given full rights as citizens by their treaties
D)Nunavut is a new province governed by Eskimos

Question 44

In Mexico __________.

A)the repartimiento system was stopped when Mexico became independent in 1821
B)reform laws in the 1850s recognized Indian rights and communal property
C)the 1910 Revolution tried to destroy Indian cultures
D)the Yaqui, Maya, and Zapotecs have rebelled against the government

Question 45

European intrusion in the New World led to Indian __________.

A)population decimation and loss of cultures
B)loss of land
C)health problems
D)b and c
E)all of the above

Question 46

European diseases __________.

A)spread from South America to North America
B)were transmitted through agriculture and animal domestication
C)had little impact on the New World
D)moved more easily from north to south

Question 47

Large groups of Indians who settled near trading posts found their lives impacted by __________.

A)better health benefits
B)increased domestic violence
C)longer life expectancy
D)pressure from the trader to produce more craft

Question 48

Ways the Spanish mission system impacted Indians include __________.

A)cooperative farming for trade with the missions
B)preservation of Indian cultures
C)removal from their homes for slave labor
D)better health and longer life expectancy

Question 49

Native Americans used tobacco __________.

A)primarily for ceremonies
B)mainly for recreation
C)because European settlers gave it to them
D)but they never cultivated the plant

Question 50

Norseman Leif Eriksson landed in Newfoundland around
A.D.1000, the first documented European contact with the New World.

Question 51

The Spanish concentrated on North America, while the French and English colonized Central and South America.

Question 52

Europeans first came to the New World because they wanted the resources.

Question 53

Spain pacified the natives by warfare, disease, and feudal work systems.

Question 54

France and Russia primarily wanted to take land in the New World for colonization.

Question 55

The English came to the New World because they wanted to settle the land

Question 56

None of the European powers encouraged the slave trade.

Question 57

The English encouraged native warfare in order to procure slaves.

Question 58

Indians were used by both sides in the French/Indian War.

Question 59

The Proclamation Line of 1763 was ignored by American settlers.

Question 60

In 1832 the U.S.Supreme Court denied Indian sovereignty.

Question 61

The Indian Department, created within the War Department in 1781, became the Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1824.

Question 62

The original mission of the Bureau of Indian Affairs was to maintain good relations with Indians.

Question 63

Fostering Indian self-determination is one of the primary responsibilities of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Question 64

For Americans Manifest Destiny meant being more respectful of Indian land rights.

Question 65

The 1830 Indian Removal Act resulted in recognition of Indian rights and sovereignty.

Question 66

The Peace Policy of 1867 treated Indians with compassion and fairness.

Question 67

The Dawes Act of 1887 encouraged individual land ownership.

Question 68

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 ended allotment and reorganized tribal governments.

Question 69

The current basis of federal government and Indian relations is complete assimilation.

Question 70

Three categories of Native Americans in Canada are Status, Non-Status, and Metis.

Question 71

In Mexico, only about 5 percent of the population is considered Indian (indios).

Question 72

European diseases devastated American Indians because the New World was relatively free of contagious, infectious diseases.

Question 73

The fur trade was never important to Europeans or to Indians.

Question 74

The Spanish missions and presidios forced American Indians to change religion, language, and economies.

Question 75

Briefly compare the different approaches of Spain, France, Russia, and England in the New World.

Question 76

What was the mission of the Bureau of Indian Affairs? What are its responsibilities?

Question 77

Who promoted the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 and what did it do?

Question 78

Compare Canadian Indian policies to those of the U.S.Consider land ownership, religious and civil rights.

Question 79

Discuss the major culture and biological impacts of Europeans on American Indians.

Question 80

How did Native Americans use tobacco? What did Europeans do with tobacco? Who grows and consumes the most tobacco today?