Deck 4: The Importance of Social Change

Question 1

Watzlawick, Weakland and Fisch (1974) believed that ________ order change brought about systems change.

A) first order
B) second order
C) third order
D) fourth order

Answer 1

second order

Question 2

Second order change required

A) clients to change.
B) thinking outside of the usual expectations.
C) consideration of others.
D) a commitment from the community.

Answer 2

thinking outside of the usual expectations.

Question 3

Maton & Perkins, (2006) Maton, Perkins, Altman, Gutierrez, Altman, & Kelly (2006) and Wandersman, Hallman, & Berman (1989) all call for social change considerations to include

A) those in politics.
B) a multidisciplinary perspective.
C) understanding of experimental methodologies.
D) an ahistorical appreciation of the present conditions

Answer 3

a multidisciplinary perspective.

Question 4

Among the reasons for change cited in the text are all of the following BUT NOT

A) diverse populations.
B) perception of declining resources.
C) community atrophy.
D) community conflict.

Question 5

Maton (2000) believes most attempts at social change are limited by

A) resources.
B) funding.
C) time.
D) Both a and b.

Question 6

Which of the following issues is unlikely to cause pressure for social change?

A) Declining resources.
B) Community conflict.
C) Increased calls for accountability.
D) Homogeneous populations.

Question 7

__________ means that money should be spent wisely.

A) Accountability
B) Cost effectiveness
C) A sliding scale
D) None of the above.

Question 8

Cost effectiveness can be defined as

A) the obligation to account for or be responsible for various transactions, money or otherwise.
B) a profitable return on money expended.
C) expenses which rise to meet income.
D) when consultants can raise their own fees by writing community grants to cover the fees.

Question 9

Some social service agencies use a sliding scale. In a sliding fee scale, fees are tied to

A) agency costs.
B) income of clients.
C) size of the city the client lives in.
D) supply and demand for the service.

Question 10

An anti-vandalism program in a large school district cost $50,000, but vandalism was only reduced by about $27,000. This program

A) allows for empowerment.
B) is not costeffective.
C) was probably evaluated by means of needs assessment.
D) clearly requires more funding.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a sliding scale?

A) Measuring children's abilities via motor skills but adults' abilities via verbal tasks.
B) Asking Ann to learn in English and Tamara to learn in Spanish.
C) Using one community development tactic in a poor community and a different one in a wealthier community.
D) Charging lower class clients $10 and middle class clients $25 for consultation at a family planning clinic.

Question 12

Thorpe & Brosnan (2007) believe that computer anxiety may be debilitating enough

A) to be diagnosable.
B) to require treatment.
C) to have to be addressed in this technological society.
D) All of the above.

Question 13

According to Duffy & Atwater (2008) which of the following groups would LEAST experience discomfort with the proliferation of new technologies?

A) Educated and/or well-read individuals.
B) Women much more so than men.
C) Black adolescent males.
D) Individuals with limited exposure to new technology.

Question 14

Technological change in recent years might be described by the word

A) creeping.
B) galloping.
C) plateauing.
D) halting.

Question 15

Computer phobia

A) is a form of technophobia.
B) remains poorly researched by psychologists.
C) is found only in women.
D) All of the above.

Question 16

Which statement about the 2010 census is true?

A) It demonstrated the largest increase of the U.S. population in history.
B) It clearly showed a recent and surprising drop in the number of minority group members.
C) It verified that there was a decline in the number of elderly in the U.S.
D) All of these are true.

Question 17

According to Alinsky, who wrote Rules for Radicals, confrontative change efforts

A) should use ridicule where possible.
B) do whatever it takes to get the public's attention.
C) should convey a sense of strong threat.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

Maton (2000) felt that dissatisfaction with services was most likely from

A) indigenous, non-expert solutions.
B) those with little funding.
C) external expert dominated approaches.
D) Both a and b.

Question 19

Race is now commonly accepted

A) as a biological fact.
B) as a social construct.
C) as a dominant factor in intelligence levels.
D) All of the above.

Question 20

Planned change is characterized by a number of dimensions including

A) targeting certain behaviors or populations.
B) citizen participation in the change efforts.
C) targeting of positive changes.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

Those most fearful of crime appear to live in communities

A) with high poverty.
B) with signs of loss of social control.
C) with high immigration rates.
D) with indications of social mobility.

Question 22

Unplanned or unintentional change is believed to be stressful because it is

A) unpredictable and uncontrollable.
B) unlikely and unanomymous.
C) utilitarian and homogeneous.
D) formidable and controllable.

Question 23

Early studies of African Americans indicated they felt their lives were externally controlled and

A) this trend continues throughout the African American population.
B) some research indicates more positive racial identity led to more internal locus of control.
C) this externality was a clear indication of loss of touch with reality.
D) the later studies showed this effect to be the result of language differences in measurement instruments.

Question 24

Examples of social indicators include all of the following BUT NOT

A) income level.
B) education level.
C) internal locus of control.
D) levels of white collar employment.

Question 25

What is true of planned social change?

A) It typically enhances the human experience.
B) It is focused on a specific time period or a specific population.
C) It is often guided by a change agent.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

Participatory decision-making is essentially the same as

A) collaborative problemsolving.
B) interpersonal cognitive problem-solving.
C) cost effectiveness.
D) mutual support groups.

Question 27

Change agents should prepare the community for change to

A) take a long time.
B) meet resistance.
C) come suddenly.
D) Both a and b

Question 28

Fairweather and Davidson (1986) believe that social change requires

A) multiple ways of attacking the problem.
B) a continual approach.
C) a massive onetime, focused approach.
D) Both a and b

Question 29

Gregory, Henry, Schoeny, (2007) found that of the following, _________________ was NOT important to the adoption of change.

A) administrative leadership
B) context
C) supportive climate
D) fluidity

Question 30

Elam and Shamir (2005) believed the acceptance of change is related to

A) the change's concordance with the organizational members' selfconcepts.
B) total cost analyses.
C) the personality characteristics of the community members.
D) an economic model of cost and benefit.

Question 31

The text believes that the resistance to social changes might be based on

A) the inability to empathize with those who would be positively affected by the change.
B) behavioral tendencies to resist change.
C) cognitive tendencies to resist change.
D) All of the above.

Question 32

Community change efforts sometimes fail because some individuals are rigid and inflexible in their approach to problems and solutions. We would call these individuals

A) dogmatic.
B) individualistic.
C) pluralistic.
D) cognitive misers.

Question 33

People who rigidly hold onto their views are called

A) cognitive misers.
B) antichange agents.
C) dogmatic.
D) defensive.

Question 34

Sometimes change is resisted by those who would benefit because

A) they have not the intellectual capacity to understand.
B) they have an indirect benefit from the status quo.
C) they have been socialized to believe change is not possible.
D) Both a and b

Question 35

According to the text being a "cognitive miser"

A) makes decisions based on stereotypical groupings
B) is usually more reflective than impulsive
C) makes decisions based upon money
D) is the better way to handle a complex world.

Question 36

FosterFishman & Behrens (2007) believe that social change requires

A) a new behavioral skill set.
B) a new mindset.
C) neither a behavioral skill set nor a new mindset.
D) both a behavioral skill set and a new mindset.

Question 37

Tertiary Change is

A) change in a system
B) change in a culture
C) change in the individual's skill set
D) change in one's immediate peer group

Question 38

According to Alinsky, who wrote Rules for Radicals, confrontative change efforts

A) should use ridicule where possible.
B) do whatever it takes to get the public's attention.
C) should convey a sense of strong threat.
D) All of the above.

Question 39

Maton (1988) found that groups with __________ reported more positive wellbeing and more positive group appraisal

A) higher role differentiation
B) greater order and organization
C) capable leaders
D) All of the above.

Question 40

FosterFishman & Behrens (2007) argue that social system change needs to be

A) simple.
B) complex.
C) neither simple nor complex.
D) overly complex.

Question 41

Conscientization is where

A) irreligious become religious
B) the privileged gain a conscience
C) the oppressed become aware of their oppression.
D) Awareness is suppressed

Question 42

Planned change is characterized by a number of dimensions including

A) targeting certain behaviors or populations.
B) citizen participation in the change efforts.
C) targeting of positive changes.
D) All of the above.

Question 43

"Through _____________, we have seen many examples of community members who have gained self-awareness, established important network connections, and achieved social change." (Jason, Davis, Suarez Balcazar, Keys, Taylor, Holz Isenberg, & Durlak, 2004).

A) the empowered researcher
B) the entrepreneurial enterprise
C) the collaborative enterprise
D) Both a and b.

Question 44

Provide a concrete example for each of the following terms, participatory decision-making, cost-effectiveness, and conscientization.

Question 45

Describe any one study in community psychology that demonstrates that social change is possible. What are the purpose, design, and results of the study? Then explain how the research is consistent with the goals of community psychology.

Question 46

Describe three ways both community psychologists and community citizens can be involved in social change.

Question 47

You are a visitor to planet Zenos. You notice that they have a diverse population and lots of community conflicts. Convince the leaders of Zenos that they need some planned community change before the situation disintegrates further.

Question 48

Give an example of unplanned social change that has occurred in your lifetime. What have been the effects of this change? Why do people generally respond negatively to social change, especially unplanned change?

Question 49

Select a realistic action plan to create one concrete social change that you'd like to see. Briefly describe it. What are some factors that might make this change plan fail? What are some things that help to make it succeed?

Question 50

Describe three reasons communities often undergo change. As you describe each, provide a realistic example.