Deck 10: Community Health and Health Promotion

Question 1

Data that have been collected from such places as birth and death certificates, disease registries, administrative data on healthcare use, case reports, and surveys would be considered _____________.

A) Unsubstantiated data
B) Original data
C) Secondary data
D) Primary data

Answer 1

Secondary data

Question 2

___________________ surveillance is used more frequently for data collection for reasons related to cost and availability.

A) Passive
B) Assimilated
C) Active
D) Voluntary

Answer 2

Passive

Question 3

____________________ include rehabilitation services, efforts to limit disability, and interventions to maximize functioning and quality of life.

A) Primary preventions
B) Secondary preventions
C) Tertiary preventions
D) Universal preventions

Answer 3

Tertiary preventions

Question 4

____________________ is applied during the period of pathogenesis and includes early detection and prompt intervention to prevent permanent damage.

A) Primary prevention
B) Secondary prevention
C) Tertiary prevention
D) Universal prevention

Question 5

The _____________________ proposes that one's social and economic position (e.g., gender, race/ethnicity, and social class) determine one's exposure to health-damaging risk factors as well as the presence or absence of health-protective factors.

A) Social status disease theory
B) Economic scale of disease risk theory
C) Fiscal reductive theory
D) Social production of disease theory

Question 6

_________________ assesses the immediate effect of the program on target behaviors and their antecedents or on environmental factors.

A) Process evaluation
B) Impact evaluation
C) Outcome evaluation
D) Retroactive evaluation

Question 7

____________________ is a process that uses information about a population to promote the adoption or acceptability of ideas or practices in that population.

A) Cultural targeting
B) Cultural assimilation
C) Social marketing
D) Social targeting

Question 8

The _____________ is a participatory educational and ecological model for health promotion and wellness.

A) Information processing paradigm
B) PRECEDE-PROCEED
C) Social learning/social cognitive theory
D) AEEIIPE

Question 9

______________________ measure causes of death for all individuals and are instrumental in measuring the severity of disease processes and the success of treatment of diseases.

A) Mortality rates
B) Morbidity rates
C) Incidence rates
D) Prevalence rates

Question 10

In April 2015, Indiana had an unprecedented outbreak of new HIV cases in Scott County. The state health department sent employees to Scott County to interview individuals suspected of having the HIV with regard to risk factors and signs and symptoms of the disease. Individuals who consented where offered free HIV screening tests. This is an example of ________________ being used to monitor for changes in disease frequency and changes in risk factors.

A) Passive surveillance
B) Focus groups
C) Active surveillance
D) Community survey surveillance

Question 11

_________________________ are antecedents to behavioral or environmental change that permit or facilitate motivation or environmental policy (e.g., availability and accessibility of resources, laws and policies, priorities).

A) Predisposing factors
B) Enabling factors
C) Reinforcing factors
D) Resonating factors

Question 12

_________________ are antecedents to behavior that provide rationale or motivation (e.g., knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, confidence).

A) Predisposing factors
B) Enabling factors
C) Reinforcing factors
D) Resonating factors

Question 13

Strategies for social assessment include ___________________, an assessment process that uses community leaders at multiple levels as informants.

A) Community surveys
B) Focus groups
C) Central location intercept interviews
D) Social reconnaissance

Question 14

_____________________ measure the number of new cases of a disease that occur during a certain time frame within a population of people who are at risk for developing the illness.

A) Mortality rates
B) Morbidity rates
C) Incidence rates
D) Prevalence rates

Question 15

_________________ focuses on implementation of the health-promotion program or intervention; this is usually done through observations and interviews.

A) Process evaluation
B) Impact evaluation
C) Outcome evaluation
D) Retroactive evaluation

Question 16

One concern regarding the ______________________ model is that it is limited in that it does not take into account the fact that health behavior is also significantly influenced by habit and non-health-related concerns about appearance, as well as economic or environmental factors.

A) Transtheoretical model
B) Health belief model
C) Eco-social theory
D) Solution focused

Question 17

____________________ are postbehavior factors that provide reward or incentive for maintenance or repetition (e.g., family, peers, teachers, employers, community leaders, policymakers).

A) Predisposing factors
B) Enabling factors
C) Reinforcing factors
D) Resonating factors

Question 18

__________________ do not measure risk but rather the number of individuals with a specific disease in a population at a specific point in time.

A) Mortality rates
B) Morbidity rates
C) Incidence rates
D) Prevalence rates

Question 19

The global burden of disease is represented by __________________.

A) Activities of daily living (ADLs)
B) Premature death life expectancy ratio (PDLER)
C) Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)
D) Managed activities made before obsolescence (MAMBO)

Question 20

____________________ focuses on the health status and quality-of-life indicators of the community that have been identified through earlier planning.

A) Process evaluation
B) Impact evaluation
C) Outcome evaluation
D) Retroactive evaluation

Question 21

Data that have been previously collected and that are required or mandated to be collected are very accurate because cases will not be missed and the individuals who collected the data will have been very highly trained.

Question 22

Mortality rates are good indicators of disease within a population; however, the global burden of disease (GBD) is a more thorough predictor of health and disability.

Question 23

Despite originating from the study of infectious disease, the classic model of health promotion and prevention is easily applied to noninfectious conditions.

Question 24

Once identified, social determinants of health are easily modifiable by the individual.

Question 25

Social determinants of health are much broader than those defined as health disparities.

Question 26

Social marketing requires multilevel interventions that target the larger social system as well as the individual.

Question 27

While the transtheoretical model has been shown to be effective in working with individuals who misuse substances, it has only limited use from a community health standpoint because it is a labor-intensive intervention.

Question 28

The study of how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence or determine this distribution is ________________.

Question 29

________________ measure how often a disease occurs within a population.

Question 30

______________________ is defined as the idea that a shorter life expectancy and more disease processes occur as an individual moves down the social ladder.

Question 31

Describe four strategies used in social assessment.

Question 32

Describe the steps in behavioral assessments.