Deck 14: Evidence-Based and Intelligence-Led Policing

Question 1

This term was first known as police-researcher-partnerships and has now evolved to describe the initiative of police organizations to incorporate technology into their operations to reduce crime.

A) smart policing
B) cooperative policing
C) community policing
D) intelligence-led policing

Answer 1

smart policing

Question 2

What was first formed and named the "Smart Policing Initiative" in 2009 is now known as?

A) National Center for Community Policing
B) Police Outreach Initiative
C) Strategies for Police Innovation
D) Florida State University Center for Criminal Justice Research

Answer 2

Strategies for Police Innovation

Question 3

Which of the following strategies focuses more on identifying problems rather than solving them?

A) data-driven policing
B) intelligence-led policing
C) CompStat
D) smart policing

Answer 3

CompStat

Question 4

When police leaders use departmental data to make informed decisions about how their police department should best operate, particularly as it relates to the policies and strategies of the department, it is called ______.

A) evidence-based policing
B) data-driven policing
C) problem-oriented policing
D) predictive policing

Question 5

One of the first examples of data-driven policing involved the ______.

A) effectiveness of hot spot policing
B) effectiveness of random patrol
C) impact of DNA on various types of crime
D) effectiveness of problem-oriented policing

Question 6

Basing policy decisions on the wishes of the police chief is an example of a policy decision based on ______.

A) data
B) tradition
C) assumption
D) authority

Question 7

Using research evidence as the basis for decision-making ______.

A) is more relevant for police leadership than patrol officers
B) is more relevant for patrol officers than police leadership
C) is a best practice for all members of law enforcement
D) has no benefit to law enforcement

Question 8

The most important consideration in police policy-making ______.

A) is liability implications
B) is research evidence
C) is resource constraints
D) varies by department

Question 9

This data-driven management model was introduced in 1994 by Police Commissioner William Bratton in the New York City Police Department.

A) top-down policing
B) CompStat
C) problem-oriented policing
D) NCIC

Question 10

The two core components of COMPSTAT are ______.

A) data and accountability
B) data and patrol
C) accountability and management
D) management and patrol

Question 11

A key criticism of COMPSTAT is that it ______.

A) is expensive to implement
B) has never worked anywhere but New York City
C) does not specify what tactics to use to reduce crime
D) is a dated concept and not relevant today

Question 12

This type of policing includes some aspects of data-driven policing, COMPSTAT, and intelligence-led policing but with the specific purpose of trying to predict and prevent crime.

A) problem-oriented policing
B) reactive policing
C) proactive policing
D) predictive policing

Question 13

Predictive policing is based on the fact that most crime is ______.

A) random
B) random and preventable
C) not random
D) not reported to the police

Question 14

Geospatial crime analysis is most directly focused on which aspect of crime?

A) how to prevent crimes from occurring
B) when crimes occur
C) who commits crimes
D) where crimes occur

Question 15

______ involves the collection and analysis of data pertaining to criminal incidents.

A) Smart policing
B) Evidence-based policing
C) Crime analysis
D) Reactive policing

Question 16

When data being analyzed relate to who is involved in crimes, namely victims and offenders, it is often called ______.

A) crime intelligence analysis
B) predictive observation
C) geospatial crime analysis
D) victim-offender linking

Question 17

A ______ is a visual representation of where various crimes have occurred in a particular jurisdiction over a particular period of time.

A) predictive behavioral chart
B) crime map
C) multilayer observational graph
D) community interaction map

Question 18

______ is the primary method of predictive policing.

A) Crime analysis
B) CompStat
C) Crime scene investigation
D) Preventative patrol

Question 19

When data analyzed focus on where crimes occur, it is often referred to as ______.

A) primary impact analysis
B) specific location analysis
C) crime intelligence analysis
D) geospatial crime analysis

Question 20

______ involves the automated recording and plotting of criminal incidents on detailed computerized maps.

A) Records management systems
B) Geographical information systems
C) Computer-aided dispatch
D) Automatic crime mapping

Question 21

______ collects data on calls for service, traffic stops, field interviews, and other patrol officer activities.

A) Records management systems
B) Geographical information systems
C) Computer-aided dispatch
D) Automatic crime mapping

Question 22

______ electronically store information such as crime reports, arrest reports, traffic citations, and/or other police-citizen contacts

A) Records management systems
B) Geographical information systems
C) Computer-aided dispatch
D) Automatic crime mapping

Question 23

Geospatial crime analysis can offer general predictions about ______.

A) when and where crime will occur
B) who will commit crime and where
C) who will commit crime and when
D) the best tactics to prevent crime

Question 24

______ collect, analyze, and interpret crime data.

A) Crime scene investigators
B) Detectives
C) Crime analysts
D) Intervention officers

Question 25

Geospatial crime analysis ______.

A) is the most effective crime reduction strategy available to law enforcement
B) is a method of developing and analyzing information
C) has no practical application
D) is an ineffective crime reduction strategy

Question 26

One of the biggest hurdles to crime analysis reaching its true potential is ______.

A) the cost of geographical information systems software is prohibitive
B) crime analytics software has very limited capabilities
C) that officers are not sure how to use the information collected
D) that much of the data collected is unreliable.

Question 27

______ is a management philosophy that uses data and criminal intelligence to focus enforcement activities.

A) Predictive policing
B) Community-based policing
C) Problem-oriented policing
D) Intelligence-led policing

Question 28

An important difference between intelligence-led policing and geospatial crime analysis is ______.

A) that intelligence-led policing focuses on people, while geospatial crime analysis focuses on places
B) that geospatial crime analysis focuses on people, while intelligence-led policing focuses on places
C) geospatial crime analysis was abandoned in the 1970s, while intelligence-led policing is still used
D) intelligence-led policing does not require analytical software but geospatial crime analysis does

Question 29

Intelligence-led policing has a predictive element which focuses on ______.

A) where crime will be committed
B) when crime will be committed
C) who will commit crime
D) how law enforcement should respond to crime

Question 30

______ is maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and is the largest crime information network in the United States.

A) Shared crime statistics database
B) Central index system
C) National Crime Information Center
D) INTERPOL

Question 31

The Smart Policing Initiative was formed in 2009, when the United States Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Assistance made funding available for police departments to create partnerships with university or college-affiliated researchers.

Question 32

Examples of funded Strategies for Police Innovation projects have included efforts to target prescription drug abuse, homicide, domestic violence, neighborhood disorder, gangs, and gun violence.

Question 33

When police departments Incorporate technology to detect and reduce crime, it is known as a "smart policing" strategy.

Question 34

Evidence-based policing occurs when officers effectively secure crime scenes and use forensic techniques to identify evidence of a crime for use in court.

Question 35

Basing policy decisions on untested theories is an example of a policy decision based on assumption.

Question 36

When research is conducted in police departments, it is usually police officers who are either the subjects of the research or are the ones who are expected to carry out the research procedures.

Question 37

Basing police policy on research evidence is universally accepted as the most important consideration in policy-making.

Question 38

CompStat was introduced in Philadelphia in 1967 by Police Commissioner Frank Rizzo.

Question 39

Because of the "accountability" aspect of COMPSTAT, some police officers may have an incentive to manipulate crime data to appear as though crime has been reduced.

Question 40

Predictive policing is based on the fact that a majority of crime is not random.

Question 41

Some places are more likely to experience more crime than other places.

Question 42

Men are more likely to commit crime than women.

Question 43

Predatory street crime is distributed evenly across time, place, and people.

Question 44

In predictive policing, the more specific the prediction, the more likely it is to be wrong.

Question 45

When data being analyzed relate to who is involved in crimes, namely victims and offenders, it is often called crime intelligence analysis.

Question 46

Geographic information systems electronically store information such as crime reports, arrest reports, traffic citations, and/or other police-citizen contacts.

Question 47

Computer-aided dispatch systems include data on calls for service, traffic stops, and field interviews, and other patrol officer activities.

Question 48

When computer-aided dispatch data and records management system data are combined with geographical information systems capabilities and software, crime analysts have a wealth of data to analyze and interpret.

Question 49

Geospatial crime analysis can provide a basis for person-based crime prevention.

Question 50

Given the complexity of and technical knowledge required to collect, analyze, and interpret crime data, specially trained civilians are often hired for the positions.

Question 51

Geospatial crime analysis has proven to be the most effective crime reduction strategy available to law enforcement.

Question 52

Crime analysis can only lead to a crime reduction when combined with effective police strategies.

Question 53

Ideally, crime analysts should be able to provide answers to officers' and commanders' questions about crime patterns and trends.

Question 54

Intelligence-led policing and data-driven policing are the same thing.

Question 55

A major benefit of Intelligence-led policing is that it does not require the expensive analytical software required by data-driven policing.

Question 56

Define what the U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance intended with the term "smart policing" and discuss the reasons why the smart policing initiative (now: Strategies for Police Innovation) was created in 2009.

Question 57

Discuss the balance between the right to know and the right to privacy for citizens, when it comes to intelligence-led policing and geospatial crime analysis

Question 58

Explain how a problem-oriented approach could increase the effectiveness of COMPSTAT.

Question 59

Define evidence-based policing and discuss its evolution.

Question 60

Beside data, on what other basis could policy decisions be made?

Question 61

Should police policy decisions be based on research findings?

Question 62

Define COMPSTAT and identify its two core components.

Question 63

Identify the strengths and limitations of COMPSTAT.

Question 64

Define and identify the four goals of predictive policing.

Question 65

Compare and contrast crime intelligence analysis and geospatial crime analysis.

Question 66

Identify geographical information systems and explain their benefit to police.

Question 67

Assess the impact of geospatial crime analysis.

Question 68

Define intelligence-led policing and describe how it differs from geospatial crime analysis.

Question 69

Identify the focus of intelligence-led policing and explain the benefits of this approach.

Question 70

What are the limitations of intelligence-led policing?