Deck 7: Crime Detection and Investigation

Question 1

______ is the process of collecting crime-related information to reach certain goals.

A) Due process
B) Criminal investigation
C) Preventive patrol
D) Criminal research

Answer 1

Criminal investigation

Question 2

______ consists of supposed facts and knowledge that relate to a particular crime or perpetrator.

A) Hearsay
B) Forensics
C) Evidence
D) Concealment

Answer 2

Evidence

Question 3

______ broadly refers to the field of science that addresses legal questions.

A) Forensic science
B) Crime scene investigation
C) Biology
D) Organic chemistry

Answer 3

Forensic science

Question 4

The ultimate goal of the criminal investigation process is to reduce crime through either ______.

A) deterrence or rehabilitation
B) retribution or incapacitation
C) deterrence or incapacitation
D) retribution or restoration

Question 5

If a perpetrator cannot be identified after all leads have been exhausted in a follow-up investigation, ongoing-investigative activities would be ______.

A) increased
B) terminated
C) turned over to the FBI
D) turned over to the prosecutor's office

Question 6

______ are usually serious crimes that are no longer being actively investigated because more recent crimes are necessarily the priority.

A) Cold cases
B) Special victim's files
C) Defunct cases
D) Test case

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of an undercover investigation?

A) DUI checkpoint
B) crackdown
C) hot spot policing
D) sting

Question 8

When investigators pose as minors in chat rooms on the Internet to identify adults who attempt to solicit sex from minors, it is an example of a(n) ______.

A) surveillance
B) decoy operation
C) undercover fencing operation
D) stakeout

Question 9

A(n) ______ is a person or business that buys and sells property that is known to be stolen.

A) pawnbroker
B) fence
C) shell corporation
D) embezzler

Question 10

______ occurs when the police induce someone to commit a crime the person would not have otherwise committed.

A) A sting
B) A decoy operation
C) Entrapment
D) An undercover fencing operation

Question 11

______ is most likely to be cleared by arrest; ______ is the least likely.

A) Murder; rape
B) Robbery; burglary
C) Rape; burglary
D) Murder; motor vehicle theft

Question 12

What scenario is very likely true about a murder that occurred at a private residence?

A) The offender broke into the house.
B) The victim and offender do not know each other.
C) The victim did not lock the front door.
D) The victim and offender know each other.

Question 13

What is not true with regard to the secondary transfer of DNA?

A) A recent study showed that secondary transfer of DNA almost never occurs.
B) Shaking someone's hands could potentially be enough for secondary transfer of DNA.
C) A recent study showed that secondary transfer occurred in almost all tested cases.
D) Secondary transfer of DNA could potentially lead to false convictions.

Question 14

With regard to crime scene profiles, ______.

A) they are not capable of identifying a suspect when one is not already known
B) never has a profile by itself solved a crime
C) they are intended to identify the type of person who committed a particular crime
D) all of these

Question 15

______ evidence is evidence that tends to exclude or eliminate someone from consideration as a suspect.

A) Circumstantial
B) Inculpatory
C) Exculpatory
D) Physical

Question 16

______ evidence is evidence that tends to include or incriminate a person as a perpetrator.

A) Circumstantial
B) Inculpatory
C) Exculpatory
D) Physical

Question 17

If a suspect has an alibi, it is an example of ______ evidence.

A) hard
B) physical
C) inculpatory
D) exculpatory

Question 18

A police officer found a gun, identified as the likely murder weapon at a crime scene, and it has the suspect's fingerprints on it. The fingerprints are ______.

A) direct evidence that the suspect committed the murder
B) direct evidence that the suspect handled the gun
C) indirect evidence that the suspect handled the gun
D) inconclusive

Question 19

______ evidence is crime-related information that immediately demonstrates the existence of a fact in question.

A) direct
B) indirect
C) circumstantial
D) exculpatory

Question 20

______ evidence is crime-related information from which inferences and probabilities are needed to draw an associated conclusion.

A) Direct
B) Indirect
C) Exculpatory
D) Inculpatory

Question 21

Tool marks found on the window frame at a crime scene is an example of ______ evidence.

A) biological
B) exculpatory
C) physical
D) direct

Question 22

Who of the following would share the same DNA?

A) father and son
B) aunt and nephew
C) identical twins
D) no two people have the same DNA

Question 23

______ is an electronic database operated by the FBI that allows federal, state, and local crime laboratories to share DNA profiles electronically.

A) PRAXIS
B) CODIS
C) MDT
D) BioIndex

Question 24

DNA evidence may be used by ______.

A) the prosecution only
B) the defense only
C) both; the prosecution and the defense
D) the judge

Question 25

Any questioning that is intended to produce information regarding a particular crime or regarding a person believed responsible for a crime is called a(n) ______.

A) investigative interview
B) interrogation
C) inquiry
D) seizure

Question 26

A primary cause of the conviction of innocent people is ______.

A) police corruption
B) incorrect DNA analysis
C) prosecutorial misconduct
D) false eyewitness identification

Question 27

The most persuasive form of evidence is ______.

A) a confession
B) a crime scene profile
C) fingerprints
D) a wiretap

Question 28

An example of digital evidence in an investigation is ______.

A) a blood stain
B) information from a cell phone
C) DNA
D) information from a pawnshop

Question 29

______ exists when a suspect is under physical control of the police and is not free to leave.

A) Guardianship
B) Incarceration
C) Custody
D) Detention

Question 30

Criminal investigations are exclusively conducted by detectives.

Question 31

Criminal investigations are conducted in order to discover evidence.

Question 32

Forensic science broadly refers to the field of science that addresses legal questions.

Question 33

For a crime to be considered solved, a criminal conviction is necessary.

Question 34

Reactive investigations are the traditional way in which the police become involved in the investigation of crime.

Question 35

Cold cases are usually reopened due to the availability of new evidence or because of new witnesses.

Question 36

Owing to technological advances, nearly half of cold cases are now able to be solved.

Question 37

A DUI checkpoint is an example of an undercover investigation.

Question 38

Surveillance involves watching a person to monitor their activity.

Question 39

The police can provide an opportunity for a person to commit a crime but cannot compel or induce a person to commit a crime they were not previously predisposed to committing.

Question 40

There is usually more evidence available in a theft than in a rape.

Question 41

The circumstances of a crime often influence the amount and type of evidence produced during the crime

Question 42

Motor Vehicle thefts are less likely to be cleared by arrest than murders

Question 43

An officer collected physical evidence in a sexual assault investigation but did not make a record of its collection. This means the chain of custody was violated.

Question 44

In most solved homicides, the perpetrator is taken into custody within 24 hours.

Question 45

Inculpatory evidence is evidence that tends to exclude or eliminate someone from consideration as a suspect.

Question 46

When a suspect's physical characteristics match those of a perpetrator's description, it is an example of exculpatory evidence.

Question 47

Circumstantial evidence is not allowed to be used in criminal court cases.

Question 48

Fingerprints are an example of physical evidence.

Question 49

An eyewitness identification is a form of physical evidence.

Question 50

Saliva is a form of biological evidence.

Question 51

DNA can be found in blood, semen, saliva, and hair.

Question 52

PRAXIS is an electronic database operated by the FBI that allows federal, state, and local crime laboratories to share DNA profiles electronically.

Question 53

DNA evidence may be used as exculpatory evidence.

Question 54

Identify and discuss the three goals that have been associated with the criminal investigation process.

Question 55

Describe the various stages of the reactive criminal investigation process.

Question 56

Describe cold cases and discuss the difficulties associated with getting a conviction in a cold case.

Question 57

Explain the difference between surveillance and a stakeout.

Question 58

Explain how a sting operation works.

Question 59

Explain the concept of entrapment and how investigators may work to establish predisposition on the part of the suspect.

Question 60

Explain what the chain of custody is and why it is important that it be maintained.

Question 61

Explain the role of evidence, circumstances, and investigative effort in solving crimes.

Question 62

Explain the difference between direct and indirect evidence.

Question 63

Explain what physical evidence is and explain the four ways it aids criminal investigators.

Question 64

Explain DNA and evaluate the role DNA evidence plays in criminal investigations.

Question 65

Identify the five methods by which an eyewitness may identify a perpetrator.

Question 66

What concerns are associated with eyewitness identification of perpetrators?

Question 67

Explain the difference between an interrogation and an investigative interview.