Deck 2: Greece and the Mediterranean World

Question 1

Who wrote On the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies, which was published in 1543?

A) Nicholas Copernicus
B) Tycho Brahe
C) Johannes Kepler
D) Galileo Galilei

Answer 1

Nicholas Copernicus

Question 2

In the astronomical system of Tycho Brahe:

A) the earth is in the center and the sun and the planets all revolve around it
B) the earth is in the center and the sun and most of the planets revolve around it
C) the sun is in the center and the earth and all of the planets revolve around it
D) the sun is in the center but some of the planets still revolve around the earth

Answer 2

the earth is in the center and the sun and most of the planets revolve around it

Question 3

Newton defined the relationship between the moon's movement and Earth's gravity in terms of the universal role that gravity plays in the cosmos in his book:

A) On the Revolution of the Heavenly Bodies
B) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
C) Principia
D) Leviathan

Answer 3

Principia

Question 4

What seventeenth-century thinker is associated with the phrase "Cogito ergo sum" ("I think, therefore I am")?

A) Francis Bacon
B) Baruch Spinoza
C) Galileo Galilei
D) Rene Descartes

Question 5

The anatomical studies of sixteenth-century scientists such as Vesalius and Paracelsus challenged the previously accepted authority of:

A) Hippocrates
B) Aristotle
C) Ptolemy
D) Galen

Question 6

Philippe Duplessis-Mornay was the author of:

A) A Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants
B) Leviathan
C) Tractatus Theologico-Politicus
D) Doctor Faustus

Question 7

Which seventeenth-century thinker believed that God had endowed humans with a natural understanding of human equality through their ability to perceive the similarities between others and themselves?

A) Cardinal Richelieu
B) Thomas Hobbes
C) John Locke
D) Isaac Newton

Question 8

Which of the following is most characteristic of Baroque art and architecture?

A) It challenged the prevailing political ideology of divine right monarchy
B) It supported the pretensions and ambitions of seventeenth-century rulers
C) It neither supported nor challenged established political authority
D) It could be used either to support or challenge established political authority

Question 9

John Donne's poetry in the early seventeenth century suggests:

A) that the Scientific Revolution had been embraced completely by a key literary figure of the period
B) that the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution had not been fully embraced by that time
C) that literature ignored the discoveries of the Scientific Revolution
D) that writers were aware of the discoveries but were ambivalent about their significance

Question 10

The population of major cities in seventeenth-century Europe increased because:

A) they had a higher birth rate than the country
B) they had a lower death rate than the country
C) both A and B
D) migration from the countryside outstripped the death rate

Question 11

The witch-craze was strongest in seventeenth-century England:

A) at the beginning of the century
B) in the period leading up to the English Civil War
C) during the English Civil War
D) in the period immediately following the English Civil War

Question 12

In India, Jagan?th and the Mah?r?ja Saw?i Jai Singh II were most associated with which science?

A) astronomy
B) medicine
C) physics
D) chemistry

Question 13

The Indian ruler Akbar bears comparison with Henry VIII of England because:

A) they both proclaimed themselves the head of their religions
B) they both successfully started a new faith in their countries
C) they both expected to be worshipped as divine
D) they both had six wives

Question 14

In India nautanki is:

A) the name of a religious sect
B) a kind of folk opera that combines poetry and ballads
C) the name given to the caste of merchants who were becoming increasingly prominent in the seventeenth century
D) a form of Hindu painting that incorporated Islamic influences

Question 15

The tension between science and the Catholic Church in the seventeenth century is best exemplified by the church's conflict with:

A) Copernicus
B) Kepler
C) Newton
D) Galileo

Question 16

In the seventeenth century India was ruled by

A) the Ming Dynasty
B) the Qing Dynasty
C) the Mughal Dynasty
D) the British

Question 17

What was the significance for Galileo of the 1616 ruling by the Congregation of the Holy Office of the Catholic Church?

Question 18

With what important scientific discovery is William Harvey associated?

Question 19

Who was the Jewish philosopher from Amsterdam whose rationalistic philosophy led him to the conclusion that democracy was the best form of government?

Question 20

Who was the author of the famous Spanish novel Don Quixote?

Question 21

In what territories of the European continent did the witch-craze of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries most flourish?

Question 22

What Islamic tradition that emphasized the presence of the divine within each individual flourished in seventeenth-century India?

Question 23

The Scientific Revolution is often presented as a sudden event that paved the way for the modern understanding of the natural world. Write an essay either to defend or to refute this point of view. Discuss not only the nature of the Scientific Revolution but also the motives that led individuals such as Copernicus to question the medieval image of the cosmos.

Question 24

Discuss the relationship between religion and science in the seventeenth century. What role did it play in the thinking of individuals such as Kepler, Galileo, and Newton?