Deck 2: Trait and Factor, Developmental, Learning, and Cognitive Theories

Question 1

Holland presented his theory of career choice, primarily a matching or trait-and-factor approach, in which the underlying supposition was that individuals choose situations and environments that satisfy their personality orientations.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to Holland's theory, consistency is the relatedness of a person's top three letters, or the degree to which the first two primary types are similar.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to TWA, one's personality style is composed of celerity, pace, rhythm, and endurance.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

According to Super's theory, people are satisfied in their work choice to the degree that they are able to "fulfill life roles."

Question 5

According to Gottfredson's theory, as children proceed through orientations, they "circumscribe" an occupational space, referred to as a zone of acceptable alternatives.

Question 6

What is not part of the three-pronged trait-and-factor approach?

A) Individual knowledge, including interests, abilities, and skills
B) Knowledge of the job
C) Exploring factors of the job environment
D) Logical matching of the individual's traits to the job that best "fits" him or her

Question 7

Which of the following is not one of Holland's six types?

A) Enterprising
B) Investigative
C) Creative
D) Realistic

Question 8

According to TWA, one's adjustment behaviors include all except one of the following:

A) Flexibility
B) Adaptability
C) Perseverance
D) Reactiveness

Question 9

Super's Life Career Rainbow includes the nine major life roles. Which one isnot one of those life roles?

A) Caretaker
B) Leisurite
C) Citizen
D) Pensioner

Question 10

Which is not one of the four primary factors in both SLTCDM and SLCT?

A) Relational experience
B) Genetics
C) Environment
D) Task-approach skills

Question 11

Match the following:

-Cognitive Information Processing (CIP)

A) Pyramid of Information Processing Domains and the CASVE cycl
B) Based on Bronfenbrenner's 1979 model
C) "(a) formation and elaboration of career-relevant interests, (b) the selectionof academic and career choice options,
And (c) performance and persistencein educational and occupational pursuits"
D) Life scripts and life themes
E) Approach which states that there is an ongoing, dynamic and reciprocalinteraction between individuals and their environment

Question 12

Match the following:

-SCCT (c)

A) Pyramid of Information Processing Domains and the CASVE cycl
B) Based on Bronfenbrenner's 1979 model
C) "(a) formation and elaboration of career-relevant interests, (b) the selectionof academic and career choice options,
And (c) performance and persistencein educational and occupational pursuits"
D) Life scripts and life themes
E) Approach which states that there is an ongoing, dynamic and reciprocalinteraction between individuals and their environment

Question 13

Match the following:

-Contextual approaches

A) Pyramid of Information Processing Domains and the CASVE cycl
B) Based on Bronfenbrenner's 1979 model
C) "(a) formation and elaboration of career-relevant interests, (b) the selectionof academic and career choice options,
And (c) performance and persistencein educational and occupational pursuits"
D) Life scripts and life themes
E) Approach which states that there is an ongoing, dynamic and reciprocalinteraction between individuals and their environment

Question 14

Match the following:

-Ecological Perspective

A) Pyramid of Information Processing Domains and the CASVE cycl
B) Based on Bronfenbrenner's 1979 model
C) "(a) formation and elaboration of career-relevant interests, (b) the selectionof academic and career choice options,
And (c) performance and persistencein educational and occupational pursuits"
D) Life scripts and life themes
E) Approach which states that there is an ongoing, dynamic and reciprocalinteraction between individuals and their environment

Question 15

Match the following:

-Psychodynamic Approaches

A) Pyramid of Information Processing Domains and the CASVE cycl
B) Based on Bronfenbrenner's 1979 model
C) "(a) formation and elaboration of career-relevant interests, (b) the selectionof academic and career choice options,
And (c) performance and persistencein educational and occupational pursuits"
D) Life scripts and life themes
E) Approach which states that there is an ongoing, dynamic and reciprocalinteraction between individuals and their environment

Question 16

According to Krumboltz, "a good theory is a simplified representation of some domain constructed so that users can ask questions about that domain with an increased probability of receiving valuable answers."

Question 17

Trait and factor consists of (a) group knowledge, including interests, abilities, and skills; (b) knowledge of the group; and (c) logical or reasoned matching of the individual's traits to the group.

Question 18

The focus of Holland's theory has been on how or why personality orientations develop, rather than on why career choice occurs and the outcome of that choice.

Question 19

According to Holland's theory, there are five kinds of environments: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, and Conventional.

Question 20

Congruence is the level of closeness between an individual's type code and a particular work environment.

Question 21

Differentiation indicates a crystallization of interests and is the extent to which the levels of the type codes differ.

Question 22

Dawis and Lofquist (1984) define Status (a reinforcement value) as including the needs of Achievement, Appeal, Authority, and Social Status.

Question 23

According to Dawis and Lofquist's TWA, one's personality style is composed of celerity (speed of initiating environmental interaction), pace (activity level of interaction), rhythm (pattern of interaction), and endurance (sustainability of interaction).

Question 24

Work adjustment happens when an individual improves or maintains his or her fit or correspondence with the work environment.

Question 25

Work adjustment is also indicated by the perceptions of the individual's produc- tivity and efficiency as held by the supervisor and others in the work environment (i.e., the individual's satisfactoriness).

Question 26

In the values-based career approach, the individual/work congruence is a value- based fit that is reached when the structure of an individual's values matches the value structure of the work environment.

Question 27

Like developmental theories, trait-and-factor approaches provide a framework for understanding the unfolding process of career and career choice over the lifespan.

Question 28

Super assumed that an individual's career choice was not merely the result of matching his or her abilities and interests to the world of work, but that it was an expression of his or her self-concept.

Question 29

Super's Life Career Rainbow (Super, 1980) represents an individual's overall development from birth to death and includes six major Life Roles.

Question 30

Super's Processing Stage includes crystallizing, specifying, and implementing.

Question 31

Linda Gottfredson is one of the few theoreticians who have presented a theory on how childhood influences career development and career choice.

Question 32

The Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making (SLTCDM) recognized the importance of cognitive processes and behavior in career decision making including the influence of reinforcement and learning on the career development and choice processes.

Question 33

The CASVE cycle is a sequential developmental path.

Question 34

In SCCT, learning experiences shape self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expecta- tions, and are influenced by factors such as educational opportunity and family context.

Question 35

Theories of "embedded career" include Contextualism, the Ecological Approach, and Sociological Theories.