Deck 5: Remembering Events

Question 1

Which type of rehearsal results in the best long-term encoding?

A)effortful
B)proactive
C)maintenance
D)elaborative

Answer 1

elaborative

Question 2

Covertly verbalizing information held in short-term memory illustrates

A)maintenance rehearsal
B)elaborative rehearsal
C)levels of processing
D)selective encoding

Answer 2

maintenance rehearsal

Question 3

Increasing cumulative recall with repeated retrieval attempts is called

A)hypnotic TOT
B)retrieval specificity
C)cumulative amnesia
D)hypermnesia

Answer 3

hypermnesia

Question 4

Suppose that you conducted an experiment in which people studied material while intoxicated or sober, then recalled the material while intoxicated or sober.Which conditions would result in the poorest recall?

A)sober study - sober test
B)intoxicated study - intoxicated test
C)intoxicated study - sober test
D)sober study - intoxicated test

Question 5

All of the following assume that long-term storage is permanent except for

A)motivated forgetting
B)decay
C)proactive interference
D)encoding specificity

Question 6

The principle holding that a retrieval cue can be effective only if it is encoded at the time of study is called

A)encoding specificity
B)mood congruence
C)interference
D)mnemonic encoding

Question 7

Vivid, photographic recollection of an unexpected event is called

A)flashbulb memory
B)total recall
C)hypermnesia
D)none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is not a way to improve learning?

A)use massed practice
B)organize the material
C)process material at a deep level
D)use elaborative rehearsal

Question 9

During a study of long-term picture memory, subjects were shown 2,500 pictures for 10 seconds each.Correct recognition performance should be approximately

A)10%
B)30%
C)60%
D)90%

Question 10

Which of the following is not a mnemonic aid?

A)imagery
B)elaborative rehearsal
C)method of loci
D)method of reproduction

Question 11

Information is recovered from long-term memory by a process called

A)storage
B)encoding
C)retrieval
D)relearning

Question 12

Levels or depths-of-processing refers to ______ encoding producing better memory than ______ encoding.

A)dichotic...binaural
B)semantic...sensory
C)attended...unattended
D)echoic...iconic

Question 13

How do mnemonics improve memory?

A)by eliminating the need to pay attention
B)by making meaningless material more meaningful
C)by preventing decay of the memory trace
D)by reducing the tendency to over organize

Question 14

Which of the following phenomena supports the idea that forgetting is a problem of accessibility, not availability?

A)hypermnesia
B)context effects in recognition and recall
C)tip of the tongue
D)all of the above

Question 15

How will you retain information most effectively when studying for an exam?

A)studying for two hours
B)studying for two hours, with two 20-minute breaks in between
C)studying for four hours, with one 20-minute break in between
D)studying as long as possible until you have learned everything

Question 16

Which of the following is the least effective method of learning or storing new material in long-term memory?

A)imagery
B)elaborative rehearsal
C)organization
D)maintenance rehearsal

Question 17

A vivid recollection of the World Trade Center collapsing on September 11, 2001 illustrates the concept of:

A)encoding specificity
B)transfer appropriate processing
C)flashbulb memory
D)retrograde amnesia

Question 18

A mnemonic method based on locations and imagery is called the

A)pegword method
B)method of loci
C)spatial method
D)keyword method

Question 19

The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon shows that we must distinguish between the availability of information in memory and its ________.

A)pertinence
B)retrievability
C)accessibility
D)both b and c

Question 20

Retrieval mode--the attempt to remember a past episode--activates regions in the

A)left frontal regions
B)right frontal regions
C)left parietal regions
D)right parietal regions

Question 21

Which memory system requires continued attention or rehearsal to prevent forgetting?

A)sensory
B)short-term
C)long-term
D)episodic

Question 22

__________________memory refers to factual and conceptual knowledge about the world.

A)episodic
B)semantic
C)echoic
D)short-term

Question 23

If you want to deliver entirely from memory an eloquent speech at your 9a.m.business conference, what should you do to achieve this?

A)practice the speech in the same room in which the conference will be held
B)use mnemonic techniques to learn the speech
C)practice the speech on multiple occasions over the course of several days
D)all of the above

Question 24

The capacity for recollecting past events and envisioning future events through reconstructive retrieval processes is called

A)anterograde amnesia
B)retrograde amnesia
C)implicit remembering
D)mental time travel

Question 25

Attention is not necessary for the retention of information in long-term memory.

Question 26

A friend asks you how to make sushi.You can tell him what the word "sushi" means and when you made it last, but you can't remember at all how to make it.This is a failure of

A)procedural memory
B)semantic memory
C)episodic memory
D)declarative memory

Question 27

Priming and conditioning are examples of _______ memory.

A)non-declarative
B)explicit
C)declarative
D)sensory

Question 28

Which of the following pairs of concepts do not belong together?

A)episodic-explicit
B)semantic-implicit
C)skills-implicit
D)semantic-explicit

Question 29

Remembering to carry out an action at some point in the future is called

A)proactive interference
B)prospective memory
C)conditioned responding
D)self-referenced memory

Question 30

Facts and events are associated with

A) nondeclarative memory
B)implicit memory
C) skill memory
D) declarative memory

Question 31

Flashbulb memories provide evidence on the importance of

A)levels of processing
B)transfer appropriate processing
C)maintenance rehearsal
D)distinctiveness

Question 32

You decide to visit a friend whom you have not seen in ten years.Assuming she lives in the same house, you try to get there even though you couldn't describe to yourself the directions to your friend's house.As you drive, you just "know" which streets to turn onto.This is an example of

A)priming effect
B)episodic memory
C)explicit memory
D)implicit memory

Question 33

___________________rehearsal refers to transferring information to long-term memory by linking it with information already stored there.

A)spaced
B)massed
C)maintenance
D)elaborative

Question 34

A human services counselor is working with a child to investigate potential sexual abuse.She shows the child a doll and asks her, "Did the man touch you here?" At first, the child answers the series of questions with, "No." As the questioning continues, the child starts answering the questions affirmatively.This could be due to

A)the cognitive interview effect
B)the change blindness effect
C)the misinformation effect
D)all of the above

Question 35

Free recall tests generally yield better performance than cued recall tests.

Question 36

How do the case studies known by the initials A.J.and K.C.?

A)A.J.remembers autobiographical experiences in detail whereas K.C.has no such recollections.
B)A.J.suffers from anterograde amnesia whereas K.C.has retrograde amnesia
C)A.J.suffers from retrograde amnesia whereas K.C.has anterograde amnesia
D)A.J.has exceptional skill memory whereas K.C.has exceptional autobiographical memory.

Question 37

Encoding specificity aids retrieval because

A)it involves the formation of a schema
B)it prevents decay by introducing a novel factor into an otherwise monotonous routine
C)specific encoding operations performed on what is perceived determines what retrieval cues are effective in producing access to what is stored
D)it promotes rehearsal by creating specific criteria for encoding

Question 38

Depressed individuals have exceptional memory retrieval abilities because they
tend to analyze their surroundings more than stable individuals.

Question 39

The different levels of processing affect elaboration and memory because some are
more distinctive than others.

Question 40

You are participating in a yearbook study.The experimenter asks if you can recognize students who went to school with you, and if you can recall their names.After high school you retrieve names and recognize faces with 90% accuracy.The experimenter keeps your yearbooks, and forty years later asks you to identify pictures your classmates and to recall their names.What was the result?

A)you can't distinguish between who you went to school with and who you didn't
B)you can recognize with almost 80% accuracy the faces of those you went to school with, but only remember 17% of their names
C)you can recognize with almost 80% accuracy who you went to school with and their names
D)you can remember with almost 80% accuracy students' names, but not their faces

Question 41

People typically remember the gist of what they hear or read, rather than the details.

Question 42

List five factors that affect memory encoding.

Question 43

Your professor usually gives his exams on blue paper.As a result, you decide to take
notes and study on blue paper.This is an example of encoding specificity.

Question 44

Hypnosis and other techniques can evoke false memories.

Question 45

Whole report results in greater recall than partial report in sensory memory experiments.

Question 46

Bartlett suggests that we comprehend material as it is being delivered rather than figure out the meaning after it is delivered

Question 47

Draw the taxonomy of long-term memory.