Deck 2: Psychology and Counseling Theories

Question 1

In adult development, mid-life is characterized by

A)androgyny
B)decline in intellectual functioning
C)a sense of time running out
D)peer pressure

Answer 1

a sense of time running out

Question 2

Piaget identifies four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships between objects despite their physical manipulation?

A)formal operations
B)concrete operations
C)preoperational
D)sesorimotor

Answer 2

concrete operations

Question 3

Which of the following describes Roger's view of humanity?

A)people are rational
B)people are irresponsible
C)people are inherently go
D)people are externally controlled

Answer 3

people are inherently go

Question 4

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,

A)most fail to go beyond the conventional level
B)moral development precedes logical development
C)structure and content are synonymous
D)society's rules are superior to personal ethics

Question 5

Festinger is known for the concept of cognitive dissonance, He believes individuals

A)cannot accept differences of opinion
B)tend to change their attitudes irrationally
C)seek consistency in cognitive structure
D)reject discrepancies between the real and ideal

Question 6

The first theorist to acknowledge continued development during adulthood was

A)jung
B)adler
C)piaget
D)loevinger

Question 7

A childhood disturbance characterized, by withdrawal, a blurred sense of self, and obsessive self-stimulation (head banging, rocking, and so on) is known as

A)infantile dementia
B)hyperkinesis
C)retardation
D)autism

Question 8

According to Adler's theory of individual psychology, when an individual's real self and self-ideal do not match,

A)the reality principle becomes evident
B)the individual will seek ego gratification
C)the preconventional level has been reached
D)feeling of inferiority arise

Question 9

As a new counselor in a community mental health center, you have been assigned to a client whose diagnosis is "anorexia nervosa". You would expect the client to be

A)male rather than female
B)middle-aged rather than adolescent
C)extroverted rather than introverted
D)none of the above

Question 10

Two theorists who believe human beings are motivated by needs are

A)adler and allport
B)maslow and rogers
C)murray and maslow
D)moreno and murray

Question 11

When working with clients, counselors need to be aware of defense mechanisms. Clients who refuse to take responsibility for their own actions or situations often attribute their unacceptable desires or impulses to others. This is an example of

A)regression
B)projection
C)repression
D)protection

Question 12

The term cardinal trait, used by Allport in his personality theory, means

A)a dominant characteristic of the individual
B)a ":red flag" for counselors
C)a highly developed value system
D)one of five or ten characteristics that best describe an individual

Question 13

A counselor whose methods are based on learning theory approaches treatment

A)with an emphasis on rational thinking
B)by focusing on emotional content
C)from a behvaioural standpoint
D)in a holistic manner

Question 14

Lewin theorizes that an individual's behaviour is a function of the personal and his or her psychological environment, or life space. This approach to human development may be called

A)psychosocialogical
B)phenomenological
C)rational-emotive
D)cognitive-behavioural

Question 15

_____________ may be either basic, additive, or subtractive.

A)positive regard
B)attending
C)consultation
D)empathy

Question 16

Counselors who consistently behave in accordance with their own values and perceptions are exhibiting the trait called_______________.

A)empathy
B)transference
C)intimacy
D)genuineness

Question 17

Counselors who fear rejection or fear closeness and affection may have difficulty developing ______________________ in the helping relationship.

A)attending
B)intimacy
C)transference
D)positive regard

Question 18

The approach used by__________ is very effective for treating depression.

A)adler
B)beck
C)freud
D)jung

Question 19

When a client directs toward the counselor feelings that were once attached to a significant other, ______________ takes place.

A)reflection
B)libido
C)transference
D)trustworthiness

Question 20

The __________ holds that individual are essentially good in nature, with a tendency toward growth and productivity.

A)humanistic
B)behavioristic
C)client-centered view
D)neo-freudian

Question 21

Glasser's Reality Therapy focuses on

A)cognitions
B)being
C)actualization
D)identity

Question 22

Systematic desensitization is a technique whereby a client resolves irrational fears through gradual exposure to the fear-producing stimulus. It was first developed as a therapy technique by

A)rogers
B)wolpe
C)freud
D)bandura

Question 23

Counselors need to pat attention not only to verbal nut also to nonverbal behaviour. They need to be aware that nonverbal

A)represent the client's rational state
B)accent and/or contradict verbals
C)are identical across cultures
D)are valid only when they support verbals

Question 24

Carkhuff has developed scaled for measuring the core conditions for effective counseling. Which of the following is not one of the core conditions?

A)empathy
B)respect
C)insight
D)genuineness

Question 25

Particular counseling activities are usually associated with their primary proponents. For example, psychodrama is to Moreno as hot seat is to

A)freud
B)glasser
C)adler
D)perls