Deck 3: How a Breath Is Delivered

Question 1

High-frequency oscillators control which of the following variables?

A) Flow
B) Time
C) Volume
D) Pressure

Answer 1

B
High-frequency oscillators control both inspiratory and expiratory time.

Question 2

The respiratory therapist enters the room of a patient being mechanically ventilated with volume ventilation.The high pressure alarm is sounding and the measured exhaled tidal volume is significantly lower than what is set.The variable that is ending inspiration is which of the following?

A) Time
B) Flow
C) Pressure
D) Volume

Answer 2

C
Volume ventilation is cycled by volume.However,to protect the patient's lungs from high pressures a maximum high pressure limit is set (usually 10 cm H₂O above the average peak inspiratory pressure).Inspiration ends prematurely when the high pressure limit is reached,independent of the set volume.This is the reason why the exhaled tidal volume reading is significantly lower than the set volume.Therefore,the variable ending inspiration in this instance is pressure.

Question 3

A patient who has been sedated and paralyzed by medications is being controlled by the ventilator.The set rate is 15 breaths/min.How many seconds does it take for inspiration and expiration to occur?

A) 2 seconds
B) 4 seconds
C) 6 seconds
D) 8 seconds

Answer 3

B
60 sec/min divided by 15 breaths/min = 4 seconds

Question 4

The equation of motion describes the relationships between which of the following?

A) Pressure and flow during a mechanical breath
B) Pressure and volume during a spontaneous breath
C) Flow and volume during a mechanical or spontaneous breath
D) Flow, volume, and pressure during a spontaneous or mechanical breath

Question 5

A patient who has a decrease in lung compliance due to acute respiratory distress syndrome during volume-limited ventilation will cause which of the following?

A) Increased volume delivery
B) Increased peak pressure
C) Decreased flow delivery
D) Decreased peak pressure

Question 6

The inspiratory and expiratory flow sensors are reading a base flow of 5 L/min.The flow trigger is set to 2 L/min.The expiratory flow sensor must read what flow to trigger inspiration?

A) 1 L/min
B) 2 L/min
C) 3 L/min
D) 4 L/min

Question 7

How many variables can a ventilator control at one time?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Question 8

The ventilator variable that begins inspiration is which of the following?

A) Cycle
B) Limit
C) Trigger
D) Baseline

Question 9

A patient is receiving volume-controlled ventilation.The respiratory therapist notes the pressure-time scalar on the ventilator screen,shown in the figure.The most appropriate action to take includes which of the following?

A) Increase the rate setting.
B) Increase the baseline setting.
C) Decrease the volume setting.
D) Increase the sensitivity setting.

Question 10

The patient trigger that requires the least amount of work of breathing for the patient is which of the following?

A) Time
B) Flow
C) Pressure
D) Volume

Question 11

The control variables most often used to ventilate infants are which of the following?

A) Volume limited, time cycled ventilation
B) Pressure limited, time cycled ventilation
C) Pressure limited, pressure cycled ventilation
D) Volume limited, volume cycled ventilation

Question 12

The limit variable set on a mechanical ventilator will do which of the following?

A) End inspiration
B) Begin inspiration
C) Control the maximum value allowed
D) Control the minimum value allowed

Question 13

An increase in airway resistance during volume-controlled ventilation will have which of the following effects?

A) Volume increase
B) Flow decrease
C) Pressure increase
D) Rate decrease

Question 14

The variable that a ventilator uses to end inspiration is known as which of the following?

A) Cycle
B) Limit
C) Trigger
D) Baseline

Question 15

An increase in airway resistance during pressure-targeted ventilation will have which of the following effects?

A) Volume decrease
B) Flow increase
C) Pressure increase
D) Rate decrease

Question 16

The trigger variable in the controlled mode is which of the following?

A) Flow
B) Time
C) Pressure
D) Volume

Question 17

The equation of motion is represented by which of the following?

A) Pᴛᴀ = Pᴀ ×Rₐᴡ
B) Pᴛʀ = Paw + PA
C) Pᵥₑₙₜ + Pmus =Rₐᴡ + Pᴛᴀ
D) Pᵥₑₙₜ + Pmus =Rₐᴡ × PA

Question 18

Calculate the transrespiratory pressure given the following information: volume 0.6 L; compliance 1 L/cm H₂O; airway resistance 3 cm H₂O/L/sec; flow 1 L/sec.

A) 0.9 cm H₂O
B) 1.8 cm H₂O
C) 3.6 cm H₂O
D) 4.6 cm H₂O

Question 19

The most commonly used patient-trigger variables include which of the following?
1)Flow
2)Time
3)Pressure
4)Volume

A) 1 and 3 only
B) 2 and 4 only
C) 1 and 4 only
D) 2 and 3 only

Question 20

During pressure-targeted ventilation the patient's airway resistance decreases to normal due to medication delivery.The ventilator will respond with which of the following changes?
1)Altered flow waveform
2)Increased pressure
3)Increased volume
4)Decrease volume

A) 1 and 3 only
B) 2 and 4 only
C) 1 and 4 only
D) 1, 2, and 3 only

Question 21

The pressure-time scalar shown in the figure could be caused by which of the following?

A) Inspiratory hold
B) Clogged expiratory filter
C) Excessive secretions in the airway
D) Negative end expiratory pressure

Question 22

The ventilator that can provide a negative pressure during the very beginning of the exhalation phase is which of the following?

A) Servoi
B) VIASYS Avea
C) Puritan Bennett 840
D) Cardiopulmonary Venturi

Question 23

What is the flow-cycle setting for the following pressure supported breath?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 24

The variable that controls exhalation is known as which of the following?

A) Limit
B) Trigger
C) Pressure
D) Baseline

Question 25

The respiratory therapist is called to a patient's room because the "alarms are ringing." When the respiratory therapist arrives at the bedside,the high pressure limit,low exhaled tidal volume,and low exhaled minute volume alarms are active.The cause of these alarms is which of the following?

A) Disconnection from the ventilator.
B) Critical leak in the ventilator circuit.
C) Lung compliance has improved.
D) Airway resistance has increased.

Question 26

The most common method of terminating inspiration during pressure support ventilation is which of the following?

A) Flow
B) Time
C) Pressure
D) Volume

Question 27

When the maximum pressure limit is reached during volume ventilation,which of the following occurs?
1)Inspiratory time is decreased.
2)Volume delivered is decreased.
3)Inspiration continues until volume is delivered.
4)Pressure is held and the breath is volume cycled.

A) 3 only
B) 4 only
C) 1 and 2 only
D) 2 and 4 only

Question 28

A ventilator is set to deliver a 600 mL tidal volume.The flow rate is set at 40 L/min and the frequency is set at 10 breaths/min.If the flow rate is doubled and the patient is not assisting,which of the following will occur?

A) The frequency will decrease.
B) The tidal volume will increase.
C) The expiratory time will increase.
D) The inspiratory time will increase.

Question 29

Which maneuver will maintain air in the lungs at the end of inspiration,before the exhalation valve opens?

A) Pressure limit
B) Inspiratory hold
C) Expiratory hold
D) Expiratory resistance

Question 30

In pressure targeted ventilation the trigger variable for a patient who is sedated is which of the following?

A) Time
B) Flow
C) Volume
D) Pressure