Deck 4: Diversity

Question 1

One of your class members is complaining of a decline in physical performance despite continued training, inability to sleep, and frequent colds. You've noticed a dramatic weight loss, increased irritability, and loss of motivation to participate in training. You suspect:

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)General Adaptation Syndrome
C)A chronic autoimmune disorder
D)Overtraining syndrome

Answer 1

Overtraining syndrome

Question 2

Heavy exercise puts the body under great physical and physiological stress. What is the response to stress known as the General Adaptation Syndrome?

A)Increased cortisol levels
B)Increased fatigue
C)Increased alertness
D)Decreased ability to sleep

Answer 2

Increased cortisol levels

Question 3

You observe one of your class participants continuing to exercise despite injuries or illness, notice that he/she is getting extremely thin, and hear him/her expressing negative feelings when unable to exercise. You may suspect:

A)The participant has a high degree of motivation
B)The participant is training for a high level sport
C)The participant has an exercise dependence or addiction
D)The participant has an eating disorder

Answer 3

The participant has an exercise dependence or addiction

Question 4

The acronym CONFRONT stands for Concern, Organize, Needs, Face the confrontation, Respond, Offer, Negotiate, Time. The CONFRONT approach is advocated by a national organization when:

A)A participant is showing signs of an eating disorder
B)A participant in an exercise class has a belligerent attitude or becomes combative
C)A participant has not been adhering to his/her fitness regimen
D)A participant is consistently behaving in an unsafe manner during class

Question 5

Many individuals exercise using the "all or nothing" method. How should the class instructor teach participants to view a lapse in their exercise programs?

A)Your lapse will lead to a domino effect of missed classes
B)If you miss and still feel good, it is not important to be consistent
C)Once you miss a class, you might as well give up
D)A lapse in your exercise program is just another challenge to overcome

Question 6

You have a faithful following in your high intensity classes, but you notice one particular individual never misses and always exercises at a frenetic pace. Obsession with exercise can be a symptom of all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Exercise dependence
B)A desire to attain a healthy weight
C)Anorexia nervosa
D)Bulimia nervosa

Question 7

Exercise is only one component part of a health and fitness plan for the person with hypertension. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be another component part of the plan for that person?

A)Eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables
B)Eat a diet rich in high-fat dairy products
C)Reduce dietary sodium
D)Maintain normal body weight

Question 8

Exercise is a "game-changer" for many people with the diagnosis of fibromyalgia. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a potential exercise benefit for the individual with fibromyalgia?

A)Reduction in number of tender points
B)Reduction in total hours of sleep needed
C)Reduction in feelings of helplessness
D)Reduction in trouble with activities of daily living

Question 9

If a Group Fitness Instructor intends to work with the elderly population, he or she should be prepared to go through a "osteoporosis checklist" process to determine if participants need additional screening before participating. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be part of such a checklist?

A)Has the person gone through menopause?
B)Does the person smoke?
C)Is the person on steroid medications?
D)Is the person incontinent?

Question 10

When teaching group exercise classes to diverse participants, a Group Fitness Instructor's (GFI's) PRIMARY goal is to:

A)Ensure that each participant reaches an ideal weight
B)Make the class a social experience
C)Create an environment that fosters safety and success
D)Share the joy of exercise with as many people as possible

Question 11

When considering initiating traditional aerobics, the following population is LEAST likely to require a physician's clearance or consultation:

A)Women in late pregnancy
B)Men with no prior medical history
C)Women with osteoporosis
D)Men with a history of falls

Question 12

Step training is typically a more intense workout than traditional aerobics. Which participant would have the most difficulty participating in a step training class?

A)A woman in her first trimester of pregnancy
B)A senior citizen who was a former competitive athlete
C)An obese woman with osteoarthritis of the knees
D)A man in his 40's who has never participated in formal exercise classes

Question 13

Kickboxing fitness has increased in popularity in recent years and appeals to men and women alike. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a benefit gained from kickboxing fitness class?

A)Enhanced self-defense skills
B)Improved cardiovascular fitness
C)Improved coordination
D)Increased strength and flexibility

Question 14

Group indoor cycling is a good exercise option for those with orthopedic limitations. Which special populations would be the MOST appropriate for indoor cycling?

A)Individuals with leg fractures that have not healed completely
B)Individuals who underwent a total knee replacement
C)Individuals with a history of falls
D)Individuals with uncontrolled heart conditions

Question 15

Yoga has traditionally been used to increase flexibility and to help individuals manage stress. In recent years, it has become an exercise option for those seeking to increase strength and stamina. However, yoga does not provide all essential parts of a complete fitness regimen. Which aspect is yoga MOST often missing?

A)Strengthening
B)Flexibility
C)Cardiovascular
D)Balance

Question 16

Yoga can be appealing to people of varying abilities and fitness levels. However, some populations should take precautions as yoga can be contraindicated. All of the following populations should take great caution when performing yoga EXCEPT:

A)Women with glaucoma
B)Women with hypotension
C)Men with high blood pressure
D)Individuals with sciatica

Question 17

Traditional aerobics consists of various rhythmic body movements that are accompanied by music. Aerobic "dance" gained popularity in the late 1960s due - in part -- to the fact that diverse populations could participate. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a benefit of traditional aerobics?

A)Improved dance technique
B)Improved balance
C)Increased bone mineral density
D)Increased cardio respiratory endurance

Question 18

Over 80% of the population suffer from some form of low back pain over the course of their lifetime. Which of the following would be the LEAST appropriate cue for an instructor to use when working with an individual with low back pain?

A)"Work through the pain using this visualization technique"
B)"Maintain neutral spine"
C)"Lift using your legs as the primary movers"
D)"Avoid hyperextension of the spine in an unsupported position"

Question 19

Class participants present with variable states of motor learning. The instructor looking to train kinesthetic awareness and postural control across the spectrum of motor learning will encourage all the following EXCEPT:

A)Maintaining appropriate joint range of motion (avoiding hyper flexion and hyperextension)
B)Performing quick reversals of direction
C)Alternating between upper and lower extremity movements to avoid overuse
D)Performing stretching in a non-ballistic manner

Question 20

The acronym STEMS is commonly used by the Group Fitness Instructor to remember WHICH of the following?

A)Methods of cueing
B)Types of choreography
C)Types of progressions
D)Common safety elements

Question 21

Participants in a group exercise class can be quite diverse in their exercise experience, motor abilities, and health states. How can a Group Fitness Instructor (GFI) accommodate participants of varying experience and abilities while teaching a group class so that everyone can benefit?

A)Keep the class at a level that novices can follow
B)Pair novice exercisers with experienced exercisers so that the novices have someone to imitate
C)Make it a point to provide critical feedback to the novices on an ongoing basis
D)Transition from simple to compound movements as the class session progresses

Question 22

When supplying feedback to a participant in your class, a GFI should mention something positive about the person's performance before mentioning the suggested correction. This can then be followed up by a supplemental positive statement about the correction that was made. Which is the BEST example of appropriate feedback?

A)"Good job not flexing your neck during crunches, but make sure not to arch your back."
B)"When doing the mambo, you really look like you're dancing. You'll get even more of a cardiovascular workout if you include the arm movements. ..Great! Now you should feel like you're working harder."
C)"I really like the way you do grapevines."
D)"When stretching, make sure you don't move too quickly because I'd hate to see you injure yourself."

Question 23

Participants in a group exercise class can vary in health status, fitness level, motivation, and motor skills. As a result, some people may have special needs or requirements in order to safely participate in an exercise program. How can a Group Fitness Instructor (GFI) best learn of participants' unique needs or requirements?

A)Before class begins, ask all participants with unique needs or requirements to raise their hands
B)Request that all those with unique needs or requirements speak to you at the end of their first class (prior to returning)
C)Have participants fill out a questionnaire, such as the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)
D)Request medical clearance from all participants' physicians

Question 24

As a Group Fitness Instructor observes his or her class session, which types of participant would be LEAST expected to have special needs or requirements in order to exercise safely?

A)Someone who is participating in the class for the first time
B)An obese individual
C)A pregnant woman
D)Someone with a physical disability

Question 25

A class participant is able to perform a particular movement skill such as a mambo, but requires occasional cueing from the GFI. Which stage of motor skill learning is she currently in?

A)The cognitive stage
B)The associative stage
C)The autonomous stage
D)The expert stage

Question 26

In a group exercise class, a Group Fitness Instructor (GFI) instructs participants in motor skills that may be novel to them. Learning takes place in the cognitive, affective, and motor domains. How can a GFI use the cognitive domain to teach a new motor skill to class participants?

A)Explain the new motor skill before class begins
B)Act as a positive role model by performing the particular motor skill properly
C)Encourage participants to have a positive attitude about learning a new skill
D)Instruct participants to try to remember the choreography

Question 27

Each participant has a different learning style and unique physical abilities. How can a Group Fitness Instructor (GFI) tailor an exercise class to effectively accommodate participants with diverse strengths and weaknesses?

A)Begin the class with easy exercises and make the exercises harder or more complex as the class progresses, allowing people to drop out as needed
B)Use cues that are appropriate to each participant's level of ability
C)Keep the class simple so that everyone present will be able to successfully participate
D)Exercise at the intensity that is appropriate for the GFI with the expectation that the participants will be motivated to catch up

Question 28

To establish class goals when teaching participants of varying abilities and learning styles, the GFI must carefully plan the group exercise design. When designing an exercise class, which factor(s) can a GFI control?

A)Choreography and objectives
B)The energy levels of the participants
C)Properly functioning equipment
D)Punctuality of the participants

Question 29

The master Group Fitness Instructor (GFI) will try to use cues based upon participants' learning styles. The three primary learning styles are:

A)Visual, musical, and kinesthetic
B)Visual, verbal, and kinesthetic
C)Visual, verbal, and tactile
D)Verbal, musical, and tactile

Question 30

Pilates is a useful type of exercise for improving strength, flexibility, balance, and mobility. Pilates is effective in achieving all this through:

A)The combined use of core muscles and trunk stability with deep breathing
B)Specialized equipment, such as the reformer
C)Highly trained and certified instructors
D)European exercise philosophy

Question 31

There are many contraindications to various forms of exercise. Using a stability ball is not appropriate for which population?

A)Young children
B)The elderly
C)People with orthopedic conditions
D)The stability ball is appropriate for all populations

Question 32

Group strength training includes functional, multi-joint exercises that are activity-specific. The following is a myth about strength training:

A)It improves physical capacity
B)It creates bulky muscles
C)It helps people lose or maintain body weight
D)It decreases risk of injury

Question 33

Strength training has many benefits including improving physical capacity, losing or maintaining body weight, and decreased risk of injury. However, the following condition can be aggravated by strength training:

A)Diabetes
B)Asthma
C)Musculoskeletal disorders
D)Gastro esophageal reflex disease (GERD)