Deck 11: Participant Safety

Question 1

Conventional wisdom would seem to say that replacing traditional exercise floors with a softer material would result in fewer lower extremity injuries. This is not necessarily the case. Which of the following is a potential problem with overly soft flooring?

A)An excessive challenge for the foot and ankle to maintain stability
B)An unhealthy transmission of the shock from foot to low back
C)A greater potential for tripping hazard
D)A greater cost for no net difference in safety

Answer 1

An excessive challenge for the foot and ankle to maintain stability

Question 2

Overuse injuries can plague an individual who dives into an exercise program without giving his or her body time to adjust to the new stresses. One of the common complaints seen in the novice exerciser is plantar fasciitis. Which part of the body is injured when there is a diagnosis of plantar fasciitis?

A)The knee
B)The foot
C)The lateral elbow
D)The medial elbow

Answer 2

The foot

Question 3

When instructing an exercise class, one of the fundamental rules is to follow the three S's. What are these common group fitness safety recommendations?

A)Simplicity, safety and stability
B)Slow-to-fast, safety and sequencing
C)Safety, specificity and stability
D)Stretching, specificity and sequencing

Answer 3

Simplicity, safety and stability

Question 4

If left to its own devices, the heart would beat at a rate of around 100 beats per minute. This phenomenon is due to the fact that the SA node in the heart has the ability to self-stimulate - it will depolarize and repolarize without outside influence. Fortunately, the heart is constantly tweaked by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems in response to environmental cues. Which of the following are the CHIEF nerves responsible for transmitting parasympathetic messages to the heart?

A)Cardiac accelerator nerves
B)Cardiac decelerator nerves
C)Vegas nerves
D)Tidal nerves

Question 5

Current yoga fads aside, a hot, humid environment is a very stressful environment for exercise. Which of the following terms would BEST describe the most severe heat-related condition, typified by a complete failure of the heart-regulating mechanisms?

A)Dehydration
B)Heat stroke
C)Heat exhaustion
D)Non-acclimation

Question 6

Exercising at high altitudes can give even the most-seasoned athlete pause. In general, the GREATEST effect of altitude on performance will be noticed:

A)In the first 12 hours
B)1 day after arrival at altitude
C)3 days after arrival at altitude
D)Worsening with each additional day

Question 7

Stress fractures TYPICALLY have the following symptoms except:

A)Progressive pain that is worse with weight-bearing activity
B)Localized pain
C)Pain at rest
D)Severe muscle weakness

Question 8

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a major function of the cardiovascular system?

A)Distribution of oxygen and nutrients to the cells
B)Production of the hormones insulin and glucagon
C)Removal of carbon dioxide and metabolic wastes from the cells
D)Prevention of a serious blood loss after injury through a clotting mechanism

Question 9

Which of the following drugs is MOST unlikely to alter heart rate significantly?

A)Beta blockers
B)Nicotine
C)Caffeine
D)Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Question 10

Which of the following are common early signs of low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia)?

A)Nausea and vomiting
B)Frequent urination and excessive thirst
C)Numbness in the feet and hands
D)Feeling shaky, hungry, and irritable

Question 11

Patients who suffer from cardiovascular disease, such as congestive heart failure, may have a severely limited ability to exercise. In part, this is due to the heart's diminished ability to push blood efficiently. When disease compromises the heart's ability to function, the result is often a reduction in "ejection fraction" (EF). What is a normal value for EF during exercise?

A)50-60%
B)60-70%
C)50-70%
D)60-80%

Question 12

There are many circumstances where it may be valuable for the Group Fitness Instructor (GFI) to ensure that class participants have been medically vetted. The PARmed-X for Pregnancy is a screen designed to examine what factor(s)?

A)Overall fitness
B)Risk of miscarriage
C)Risks, benefits and guidelines associated with exercise participation
D)Motivation to participate in exercise

Question 13

The medical profession has come full circle on the value of exercise during pregnancy. It is no longer typical for a physician to prohibit all exercise during pregnancy, especially if a woman is healthy and she had been exercising prior to the pregnancy. However, there are some absolute contraindications to aerobic exercise during pregnancy. Which of the following is NOT an absolute contraindication?

A)An incompetent cervix/cerclage
B)Ruptured membranes
C)Preeclampsia
D)Poorly controlled hypertension

Question 14

Obesity brings many health risks to the exercise participant. Interestingly, there is at least one disease which is less prevalent among the obese. Which disease?

A)Diabetes
B)Osteoporosis
C)Cancer
D)Cardiopulmonary conditions

Question 15

Aquatic exercise is a popular choice among individuals with disabilities and injuries because of the combined effects of buoyancy, viscosity and hydrostatic pressure. Which justification for choosing water is the LEAST likely to be supported by the evidence?

A)The person with arthritis would benefit from an environment with less compressive forces
B)The individuals with osteoporosis would benefit from an environment with less compressive forces
C)The person with back pain would benefit from an environment with less compressive forces
D)The client with poor balance would benefit from an environment with less compressive forces

Question 16

Post-mastectomy patients will often present with a compromised lymphatic system, especially those individuals who went through surgical removal of their lymph nodes. Which of the following functions is MOST likely a valuable function of the lymphatic system?

A)The destruction of foreign bodies in the lymph nodes
B)The manufacture of growth hormones
C)The production of edema in the periphery, especially in the upper extremities
D)The production of red blood cells and platelets

Question 17

Which of the following is MOST unlikely to alter resting and exercise heart rate?

A)Pregnancy
B)Osteoporosis
C)Pacemaker
D)Smoker with 2 pack per day habit

Question 18

You teach a prepartum exercise class twice a week. One member, who is 20 weeks pregnant, pulls you aside and shares her concern about a 15 bpm increase in her resting heart rate. That change in resting heart rate is LEAST likely due to:

A)An elevation in progesterone and estrogen levels in the blood stream
B)A newly expanded blood volume
C)An elevation in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in the blood stream
D)An increase in the oxygen cost of weight bearing

Question 19

One of the truly great movements for the pregnant woman is when she discovers she is supposed to eat more "for the baby". Hating to burst the bubble, you share the knowledge that MOST pregnant women should only be eating:

A)An additional 100 kcals per day
B)An additional 300 kcals per day
C)An additional 600 kcals per day
D)An additional 1400 kcals per week