Deck 40: Praxis Principals of Learning and Teaching Kindergarten Grade 6

Question 1

Which psychologist suggests using an incentive system, providing individualized help that efficiently supports the learning of each student and using body language to convey behavioral messages as strategies that may decrease off-task behaviors during independent practice times?

A)Lee Canter
B)Maria Montessori
C)Albert Bandura
D)Fredric Jones

Answer 1

Fredric Jones

Question 2

Nitza Hidalgo, an educational theorist, tells us that there are the three levels of culture that can be identified as influential in the way students learn. What are these levels?

A)Age, Family and Personal
B)Intrinsic, Extrinsic and Eccentric
C)Figurative, Literal and Connotative
D)Concrete, Behavioral and Symbolic

Answer 2

Concrete, Behavioral and Symbolic

Question 3

Early theories regarding the phases of moral development were typically male-centered. Which theorist recognized this and proposed the stages of ethical care to address the phases of moral development as they relate to women?

A)Carol Gilligan
B)Erik Erikson
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Maria Montessori

Answer 3

Carol Gilligan

Question 4

Carefully constructing a seating chart, establishing daily classroom routines and directly teaching the classroom rules are examples of what?

A)Providing differentiated instruction to meet the needs of individual students
B)Preventative measures that could minimize the occurrence of undesirable behaviors
C)Techniques used to plan instruction and assess student learning
D)Applied behavior modification of a target behavio

Question 5

Strand has been a sixth-grade English teacher for eleven years. There are several students in the classroom that are not being successful though they seem to be capable and are on-task. Mrs. Strand invites a colleague in to observe her teaching so that she can get some peer feedback on how to improve her instructional methods. After the students leave for the day, Mrs. Strand and her colleague sit down to discuss the lesson. The colleague's notes mention that Mrs. Strand lectured for more than half the block. Several of the students had raised their hands, and Mrs. Strand asked them to wait until the end of her lesson to ask questions. Those students did not ask their questions when she prompted for them at the end of the lesson. Additionally, she worked quietly at her desk grading papers while the students completed their independent work. They turned in their work and moved on to approved free-time activities. Which of the following strategies is NOT appropriate to address Mrs. Strand's areas of weakness in her instructional delivery?

A)Provide frequent feedback to students throughout the instructional period
B)Give the students a quiz at the end of the instructional period and assign mandatory tutoring to any students that do not pass
C)Differentiate her instruction with other methods besides lecture
D)Provide the students with a variety of activities that reinforce the key concept

Question 6

According to Piaget, which of the following characteristics is likely NOT indicative of a student that is a formal operational thinker?

A)Aged approximately 11-15 years
B)Able to logically think through abstract problems
C)Requires the use of math manipulatives to solve math problems
D)Can use reason in hypothetical situations

Question 7

Which teacher behaviors below demonstrate "with-it-ness" according to Jacob Kounin?

A)Showing up to work on time and going to faculty meetings
B)Having good classroom management skills and well-paced lessons
C)Participating in staff development opportunities
D)Demonstrating strong literacy and math skills

Question 8

Andrew, a fourth grader, is showing signs commonly seen in young children experiencing depression. Despite the fact that he is successful in his academics, has a healthy home-life and has all of his physical needs met, he does not appear to have any friends. He cries often for reasons that are unapparent and wanders off to sit away from the other students during lunch and recess. According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following needs are likely not being met and are, therefore, hindering his self-actualization?

A)Safety needs
B)Esteem needs
C)Belongingness and love needs
D)Physiological needs

Question 9

According to Piaget's theory of development, at what stage of cognitive development are most children in Kindergarten and the first grade functioning?

A)Formal operational
B)Sensory-motor
C)Pre-operational
D)Concrete operationa

Question 10

Teachers that demonstrate positive classroom management skills understand the difference between punishment and discipline. Which of the following characteristics are indicative of discipline?

A)Is negative and short-term
B)Is authoritative and centers on the teacher
C)Is based on logical consequences and centers on the student
D)Communicates anger or disappointment rather than concern

Question 11

As the students within Mr. Shore's third-grade class entered the room, they immediately noticed that the room had been rearranged from rows into groups of four. Each grouping had a red envelope on top of one of the desks. The envelope had "Top Secret" written on the front. Mr. Shore dodged their questions and asked everyone to select a seat and wait until morning announcements were finished. At that time, he announced that today's math lesson would end with a word problem whose answer was inside their red envelopes. He then whispers that all students whose answers are correct will receive a class privilege or reward, though he will not be specific. Students are advised that opening the envelope before being told to would immediately disqualify them from the reward associated with the correct answer. The most likely reason Mr. Shore is using this instructional strategy is to

A)Help the students set goals for themselves
B)Break down a complex task into his simple elements
C)Stimulate curiosity in the lesson and therefore increase student engagement
D)Probe students to identify prior knowledge

Question 12

The following are all non-verbal forms of communication which can be used as part of an effective classroom management system EXCEPT

A)Proximity control
B)Eye contact
C)Signaling
D)Parent contact

Question 13

All of the following are questioning techniques which teachers may use to stimulate learning among their students EXCEPT

A)Students generate questions prior to a lesson
B)Providing one full second of wait time for students to generate a response
C)The teacher prompts other students to answer a peer's question
D)Use sentence stems from a variety of knowledge levels on Bloom's taxonomy

Question 14

Tanya has finished her course work and is sitting in the reading area of her classroom. She is reading an anthology of children's poetry and laughs quietly at the silliness of some of them. She enjoys saying the poems aloud and wants to share one of them with a friend that is also in the reading area. Tanya is demonstrating the stance of a(n)

A)Literal reader
B)Concrete reader
C)Aesthetic reader
D)Efferent reader

Question 15

Collins is a sixth-grade English teacher that has become frustrated with Tifton, a student that frequently disrupts her lessons with inappropriate comments. One day, after redirecting him non-verbally three times within a fifteen minute period, she observes that he is continuing to talk to any neighbor who will listen. After he makes a farting noise, she begins to address him by raising her voice and admonishing him for interrupting her lesson "yet again." Tifton stood up, told Mrs. Collins that nobody was going to talk to him in that manner and left the room saying that he was going to go talk to the principal. Which of the following is most likely Tifton's motivation for his reaction to her frustrated redirection?

A)Tifton may have been attempting to "save face" in front of his peers
B)Tifton misses his mother and would like to speak to her
C)Tifton would like to visit with the principal
D)Tifton did not complete his coursework and does not want Mrs. Collins to know

Question 16

When preparing students to communicate academically, it is appropriate to question at the knowledge level of Bloom's taxonomy. These types of questions require that students use their memory and promote factual recall. All of the following strategies can be used for improving memory and are at the knowledge level of Bloom's taxonomy EXCEPT

A)Creating mental imagery
B)Using mnemonic devices
C)Reciting content repeatedly out loud
D)Completing a Venn Diagram

Question 17

All of the following are examples of teacher rights, which are informed of and protected by local, state and federal laws and guidelines, EXCEPT

A)The right to withhold certain information such as marital status, age, sexual orientation and parental status which is unrelated to employment
B)The right to employ corporal punishment when it complies with local, state and federal regulations
C)The right to due process before being suspended or terminated from their employment contract
D)The right to keep a privately owned handgun in their car with it is parked on school property

Question 18

Under such legislation as the FAPE provision of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974, which of the following rights are protected?

A)The student's right to receive free tutoring services
B)The student's right to attend private schools at no cost to the parent
C)The guardians' right to access their child's educational records
D)The right to receive free or reduced lunches based upon financial need

Question 19

Attending educational conferences, reading professional journals and research summaries, subscribing to educational magazines and holding congenial discussions relating to new practices with peer teachers are all ways in which teachers demonstrate the characteristics of

A)A mentor
B)A lifelong learner
C)An advocate
D)Differentiated educator

Question 20

Which of the following were mid-15th century books made of a wooden paddle, parchment containing the lesson and a cover made of a transparent sheet of horn?

A)Primers
B)Hornbooks
C)Readers
D)Paddlebooks

Question 21

The National Teachers Association was established by educators in Philadelphia in 1862. It was founded with all of the following goals EXCEPT

A)Support the concept of public education for all U.S. citizens
B)Generate advancements within the teaching profession
C)Provide parents with legal rights in regard to their child's education
D)Create interest in the teaching profession

Question 22

The work of Lewis Terman (1877-1956) is credited with beginning the testing movement. Which of the following is NOT true regarding the professional career of Terman?

A)Terman introduced the Stanford-Binet intelligence test
B)Terman formalized the special education referral process
C)Terman coined the term intelligence quotient (IQ)
D)Terman created the Stanford Achievement Test (SAT)

Question 23

Which report, written in 1983 by the National Commission on Excellence in Education, provided research-supported evidence that American schools were falling farther behind schools of other countries?

A)A Nation at Risk
B)No Child Left Behind
C)Section 504
D)Space Race Initiative

Question 24

What are the five stages of the SQ3R note-taking strategy as they are cued by the acronym?

A)Survey, question, read, recite and review
B)Scan, question, read, review and recap
C)Study, quiz, review, recite and reassess
D)Study, question, read, rewrite and review

Question 25

Some school districts are minimizing the use of homework as a means of providing students extra practice in newly-acquired content and skills. However, the proponents of homework would argue that these districts are eliminating an integral part of the instructional model. Which of the following statements would best support the use of homework as an essential educational practice as it relates to student learning?

A)Homework gives students activities that will keep them busy and out of trouble outside of school.
B)Homework demonstrates to students how important it is that they study for tests every day.
C)Homework allows teachers to introduce new concepts and check for understanding when the homework is turned in.
D)It provides extended practice that reinforces newly-learned concepts and helps identify areas where students need further instruction.

Question 26

Best practices support the inclusion of several components within effective teacher lesson plans. Some components are viewed as supplemental, rather than essential. Which of the following components issupplemental in nature, rather than essential?

A)Instructional objectives
B)Interdisciplinary activities
C)Methods of assessing mastery
D)Guided practice activities

Question 27

It is important to include an anticipatory set, also known as a set induction, when planning for a lesson or a unit of lessons. The purpose of an anticipatory set is to:

A)Pre-assess for the students' mastery levels before beginning a new concept.
B)Create appropriate test questions so that the lesson plans target the standards.
C)Assess the students' abilities in making predictions related to the upcoming lesson.
D)Activate the students' prior knowledge and to spur interest in the topics covered.

Question 28

Crofton is trying to find a graphic organizer that will help his students to identify the chain of events within a butterfly's life as he is reading Eric Carle's The Very Hungry Caterpillar. Which of the following graphic organizers should Mr. Crofton use?

A)Cause-and-effect map
B)Cycle map
C)Sequence diagram
D)Continuum

Question 29

According to Bloom's taxonomy, the most advanced category of questioning is:

A)Comprehension.
B)Knowledge.
C)Application.
D)Evaluation.

Question 30

Which of the following graphic organizers would best allow students to log the effects of a variety of chemicals on a series of compounds?

A)Story map
B)Sequence diagram
C)Matrix
D)Venn Diagram

Question 31

McMullin has assigned an essay to be written on the causes of the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and Great Britain. He will score the students on several dimensions, including their use of prior knowledge, their application of principals, their use of original source material to support their point of view and the actual composition. This type of scoring is commonly referred to as

A)Holistic scoring
B)Raw scoring
C)Scaled scoring
D)Analytical scoring

Question 32

When students demonstrate that they are capable of using previously acquired knowledge in either a new situation or context, they are said to demonstrate:

A)Transference
B)Reciprocity
C)Expansion
D)Alternate application

Question 33

One of the core purposes of providing direct instruction oncurrent technologies is to:

A)Prepare students to function in the real world and to access higher paying jobs.
B)Teach students shortcuts so that they can achieve more in less time.
C)Increase the students' self- esteem
D)Create competiveness among the student body.

Question 34

As a culminating activity on a unit on the drafting of the United States Bill of Rights, Mr. Conden's class works as a single group to create a Student Bill of Rights. At which level of Bloom's taxonomy would this activity be categorized?

A)Application
B)Analysis
C)Evaluation
D)Synthesis

Question 35

Which of the following assessment types isused prior to instruction in order to identify students' areas of strength and difficulty so that teacherscan make informed decisions as they plan instruction or form educational judgments?

A)Diagnostic evaluations
B)Self-evaluations
C)Formative evaluations
D)Summative evaluations

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Latin Grammar School?

A)Female students were prohibited from attending
B)Sons of the upper class were sent if they were intended for leadership positions
C)Prepared boys for the Harvard entrance examination
D)Required that students participate in international internships

Question 37

Harvard College was established by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in order to:

A)Ensure that future leaders of the church, state and judicial system received a solid education consistent with the Puritan philosophy of education
B)Prepare students for military service as an enlisted officer
C)Provide educational programs based upon the industrial model of education
D)Provide the citizens of the Massachusetts Bay Colony with affordable higher education

Question 38

Thomas Jefferson spent several years working to establish the University of Virginia at Charlottesville with the intention of:

A)Increasing the number of students entering social service fields, such as teaching and nursing
B)Providing an education which shares new ideas on government and equality with American students
C)Preparing students for work in industrial factories
D)Decreasing the number of Virginia residents going into agriculture

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the common school?

A)Schooling would be available to all people
B)Attendance is the birth right of all American citizens
C)Provided education to immigrants to develop them into productive citizens
D)Was in session all year regardless of season

Question 40

The New England Primer, textbooks originally printed in 1690, contained:

A)Classic literature selections
B)Alphabet lessons with Bible verses included
C)Lessons on reading musical notes
D)Basic arithmetic lessons

Question 41

For what purpose was the first normal school established in Massachusetts in 1839?

A)Training teachers
B)Training lawyers
C)Educating immigrants
D)Preparing religious ministers

Question 42

In 1892, the National Education Association appointed the Committee of Ten who recommended that:

A)Teacher salaries should be increased each year based on experience credits
B)The curriculum for American high schools should be standardized
C)Teachers be required to meet minimum reading, writing and math requirements
D)Curriculum be divided into English, foreign language, social studies and math

Question 43

Which event that took place on October 4, 1957 began the race to space between the Soviet Union and the United States?

A)The Cold War began
B)The Soviet satellite Sputnik was launched
C)The Cuban Missile Crisis
D)The enactment of the National Aeronautics and Space Act

Question 44

McGuffey Readers were originally published in 1836. They were:

A)Books made out of wooden paddles that had a lesson and a transparent sheet of horn on one side
B)Leveled readers which upheld the collective beliefs and values for American lives during the time of their publication
C)Books containing lessons on the alphabet and which contained Bible verses
D)Teacher preparation manuals whose purpose was to identify ways to teach literacy skills

Question 45

The outcome of the Oregon School Case of 1925, which is also known as Pierce v. Society of Sisters, was that:

A)Female students must receive educational opportunities equal to those of males
B)Private schools may include religious instruction in their curriculum
C)Physical education facilities must be provided for females as well as males
D)Compulsory attendance laws allow students to attend public or private schools