Deck 34: (AP) Psychology: Part B

Question 1

Quantitative research analyzes data to reveal numbers and statistics. This procedure is not utilized very often in social work practice due to the lack of studies large enough for analytical figures. It is, however, helpful for larger projects. Why is the most widely used research method the qualitative model?

A)It helps to determine percentages in data analysis
B)It determines the quality of the researcher's data
C)It specifies informative comparisons with other research methods
D)It gathers in-depth understanding of human behavior

Answer 1

It gathers in-depth understanding of human behavior

Question 2

Which of the following would be an example of "argument by evidence"?

A)"A fortune cookie tells me that I shouldn't invest in Microsoft stock"
B)"My mother's best friend thinks all hamburgers are bad for you"
C)"Company statistics show that younger employees call in sick more"
D)"Everyone knows that you starve a cold and feed a flu"

Answer 2

"Company statistics show that younger employees call in sick more"

Question 3

David is a research psychologist working with 3M. He and his team are commissioned by the government to design a more efficient computer interface. Herb is an example of a _________________.

A)experimental psychologist
B)clinical psychologist
C)social psychologist
D)industrial-organizational psychologist

Answer 3

industrial-organizational psychologist

Question 4

In research psychology, a researcher must make sure that participants agree to a research study based on clear, accurate, and complete information. This is referred to as______________.

A)anonymity
B)confidentiality
C)informed consent
D)transparency

Question 5

In a correlation study, an electrical company paid by city officials finds that as politicians reduce the budget for maintenance work, the less likely they are to find lucrative contracts. These results indicate _____________.

A)the less money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the more lucrative are the contracts
B)the more money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the less lucrative are the contracts
C)the less money city politicians allocate to maintenance work, the less lucrative are the contracts
D)the local budget restricts do not affect the size of construction company contracts

Question 6

Michael is a neuroscientist. Which of the following is the MOST likely area of his research interest:

A)cross-cultural bases of group behavior
B)biological basis of movement disorders
C)cognitive basis of learning behavior
D)social bases of altruistic behavior

Question 7

Jones is told by the doctors that her husband's diagnosis of Alzheimer's is due to the _______.

A)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine
B)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine
C)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter epinephrine
D)reduced synthesis of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine

Question 8

_________ is referred to the 'stress hormone' and is an essential regulator of a number of physiological processes.

A)cortisol
B)ACTH
C)growth hormone
D)oxytocin

Question 9

_________ is the ability of an individual to capture, retain, store and recall information in the brain.

A)cognition
B)learning
C)development
D)memory

Question 10

Adolescence is the developmental period ___________________.

A)when the pituitary gland initiates hormone release in the adrenal cortex
B)when a youngster is capable of engaging in sexual reproduction
C)when a male reaches their maximum puberty growth spurt
D)when primary sex qualities such as testicle development

Question 11

The formation of gender identity is a complex process that begins at _____________.

A)conception
B)within the first year of birth
C)early childhood
D)adolescence

Question 12

Sheila spends hours learning how to sew from her mother. This method of guided participation in the development of childhood skills was pioneered by the following psychologist:

A)Abraham Maslow
B)Anna Freud
C)Lev Vygotsky
D)Jean Piaget

Question 13

Jamie's therapist shows him a picture with dark ink splattered in the middle of the page. Much to the horror of his therapist, Jamie insists that the picture is that of an old, naked person. This type of test where a person tries to identify an ambiguous image is considered a __________ test.

A)projective
B)intelligence
C)deviance
D)objective

Question 14

In Lucinda's culture, group cohesion and interests take precedence over individual wants. Lucinda most likely describes her 'self' in terms of ___________.

A)contributions to her retirement funds
B)her relationships with others
C)her educational goals and attainment
D)her personality traits

Question 15

In the trait theory of personality, ___________ and _________ are considered to be different views on whether all traits exist in all people.

A)ego: superego
B)introversion; extraversion
C)psychodynamic; sociocultural
D)idiographic; nomothetic

Question 16

The American Psychologist who pioneered the idiographic and nomothetic views of studying human personality is __________.

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Meyer Friedman
C)Gordon Allport
D)Alfred Adler

Question 17

Youngsters who live close to noisy airports _______________ than do youngsters who live in the more quiet suburbs.

A)do better in school and afterschool extracurriculars
B)show greater stress responses such as high blood pressure
C)show less helping behavior towards the elderly
D)do worse in church activities on Sunday mornings

Question 18

People with borderline personality disorder are much more likely to_____________.

A)take offence to harmless comments on their political views
B)irrational fears of presenting information to large groups of people
C)have difficult and unstable relationships with most people in their lives
D)hold extremely liberal views on social and cultural issues

Question 19

The two main models used in understanding drug abuse and addictions are __________ and _________.

A)cultural; social
B)cultural; psychodynamic
C)cultural; biological
D)cultural; humanist

Question 20

Current research on bipolar disorder shows that:

A)periods of mania are followed by periods of phobia
B)women and men are just as likely to suffer from it
C)during a manic phases, energy levels are at the lowest
D)sufferers tend to grow out of the disorder by their early 20s

Question 21

William is brought to the emergency room agitated and combative. He will most likely receive ____________ to calm him down.

A)lithium carbonate
B)a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
C)an MAOI
D)a tranquilizer

Question 22

Ronald is terrified of hypodermic injections. His therapist suggests a method of gradually introducing him to hypodermic needles known as ____________.

A)systematic desensitization
B)cognitive restructuring
C)paired therapy
D)shock therapy

Question 23

As a basic requirement of ___________ therapy, the person has to be able to articulate their thoughts and be willing to share them.

A)electroconvulsive therapy
B)electroconvulsive therapy
C)psychotherapy
D)recovered memory therapy

Question 24

Noah's parole officer insists that he wear an electronic monitoring band on his ankle. Within an hour of putting the band on his ankle, Noah can barely feel the monitor which is an example of ___________.

A)saturation
B)feature perception
C)sensory adaptation
D)tactile adaptation

Question 25

The expression, "mind's eye", refers to_____________.

A)developing images on your retina
B)transmitting stimuli through the optic nerve
C)perceiving stimuli through the cones and rods in the eyes
D)developing visual mental imagery

Question 26

Infants are able to assess visual depths when they are placed at the top of a flight of stairs beginning at approximately _____________.

A)6 months of age
B)2 months of age
C)1 months of age
D)9 months of age

Question 27

The sense of __________ is initiated from the stimulation of the olfactory receptors in the __________.

A)touch; skin
B)vision; eye
C)smell; nose
D)taste; tongue

Question 28

Richard's parents insist on taking away his privileges whenever his grades go down. This is an example of ____________.

A)negative reinforcement
B)positive reinforcement
C)selective attention
D)negative punishment

Question 29

Britney's parents put bitter polish on her nails to discourage nail-biting. This is an example of _________ therapy.

A)Pavlovian
B)associative
C)conversion
D)aversion

Question 30

When the school bell rings, children run to the recess room. In this case, the school bell is the __________.

A)instinctive learning
B)conditioned response
C)instinctive association
D)conditioned stimulus

Question 31

Jason's personal trainer uses _____________ to teach him and other trainees how to use exercises machines safely.

A)classical conditioning
B)operant conditioning
C)passive participation
D)modeling

Question 32

The lasting effect of some major events such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks is due to ________________.

A)tree trunk memories
B)explicit memories
C)flashbulb memories
D)implicit memories

Question 33

Joe is 89 years old and has trouble remembering words. They are in his mind but he just can't ___________ them.

A)retrieve
B)store
C)label
D)make sense

Question 34

The earliest stage of memory is _____________.

A)activation
B)initiation
C)sensory
D)stimuli

Question 35

You put in extra hours at work to get a favorable evaluation from your boss. This is an example of _____________

A)extrinsic motivation
B)intrinsic motivation
C)brown-nose motivation
D)value-based motivation

Question 36

According to the attachment theory of love, infants who have anxious attachments with their parents are more likely to____________________.

A)develop strong, assertive personalities
B)avoid sticky situations and scary dates
C)develop secure attachments to their bosses
D)avoid intimate relationships with others

Question 37

Little Jackson is preparing to enter first grade and must get a number of immunization shots. He runs like a dervish through the doctor's waiting room in an effort to get away which is a (an) ___________ goal.

A)early runner's
B)late bloomer's
C)avoidance
D)approach

Question 38

Alan is preparing to get his black belt in Tae Kwon Do. Which of the following is NOT helpful in articulating and reaching his goals?

A)"I have to train with the best coach in town"
B)"I have to set difficult but attainable short term goals"
C)"I have to avoid difficult moves until a day or two before the exam"
D)"I have to approach difficult moves with minimum injury techniques"

Question 39

_____________ is the psychologist behind the hierarchy of five basic human needs.

A)George Kelly
B)Abraham Maslow
C)Anna Freud
D)Lev Vygotsky

Question 40

According to the availability heuristic, the Austin parents may exaggerate the likelihood that their daughter will become the victim of a(an) _________.

A)stranger kidnapping
B)e-coli poisoning
C)pool drowning
D)bike accident

Question 41

Emotional intelligence refers to ____________.

A)the ability to read other people's minds and know their intentions
B)the ability to evaluate and manage one's emotions as well as others'
C)the ability to persuade people when they are reluctant
D)the ability to spend 8 hours of your day surfing the Internet at work

Question 42

Psychometrics is a field that is concerned with ______________ and _______________ measurement.

A)psychological; psychopathological
B)psychopathological; educational
C)psychological; educational
D)psychological; intelligence

Question 43

You make a __________________ when you assume that everything Michael does is because he has a bad attitude.

A)Fundamental Avoidance Error
B)Fundamental Attribution Experiment
C)Fundamental Approach Experiment
D)Fundamental Attribution Error

Question 44

When changing other people's attitudes, you must use ______________ techniques.

A)knee-busting
B)attribution
C)affective
D)persuasive

Question 45

The bystander effect states that people are much less likely to offer needed help _________.

A)when they are in a group than when they are alone
B)when they are alone than when they are in a group
C)when they have someone else more qualified present
D)when they are asked directly than when a memo is sent

Question 46

Sternberg's triangular view has three facets that do NOT include ___________.

A)intimacy
B)self-disclosure
C)commitment
D)passion

Question 47

In 1972, Paul Ekman and his team devised a list of ________ universal emotions that appear on the face based on cross-cultural studies.

A)5
B)8
C)4
D)6

Question 48

Research studies on teenagers who commit crime shows that they are more likely to ____________.

A)mistake happiness for anxiety in others
B)confuse sadness with glee in others
C)mistake neutral emotions with threatening ones in others
D)confuse neutral emotions with altruistic intentions in others

Question 49

_______________ refers to a psychological state whereby a hostage develops emotions of loyalty and sympathy for the hostage-taker.

A)Stockholm syndrome
B)Copenhagen syndrome
C)Confused-state syndrome
D)Co-habituate syndrome

Question 50

For the purposes of a criminal court, insanity is strictly a ____________________ conclusion.

A)legal
B)clinical
C)forensic
D)media

Question 51

Approximately _________ of child sexual abuse cases are considered to be false.

A)1%
B)2%
C)5%
D)8%

Question 52

Lack of ________________ is the main diagnostic criterion for psychopathy.

A)emotion interpretation
B)loyalty
C)humanity
D)empathy

Question 53

Brad is a gifted athlete with scholarships to top schools. His trainers believe that he is in the top 2% of athletes in today's colleges. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligence, which of the following abilities does Brad possess?

A)naturalistic
B)bodily-kinesthetic
C)visual-spatial
D)running-flexible

Question 54

According to British Psychologist Frederic Bartlett, a child will associate an object in the real world such as a burning object with an abstract representation such as fear. What is the term used to refer to this representation?

A)fictive motion
B)charting
C)proposition
D)schema

Question 55

Drivers become adept at recognizing a red sign and coming to a complete stop. What is the term used to refer to a set of mental processes that is NOT accessible to introspective awareness?

A)adaptive conscious
B)stream of consciousness
C)adaptive unconscious
D)verbal unconsciousness

Question 56

Which two types of information are processed in the Dual-coding theory of cognition?

A)visual and spatial
B)visual and verbal
C)visual and tactile
D)visual and auditory
E)bodily-kinetic

Question 57

As a research psychologist, Michael is interested in studying self-defeating behavior. He engages in a number of methods to find out the causes of this behavior. What type of analysis is designed to uncover the causes of psychological phenomena methodically?

A)root cause analysis
B)marginal analysis
C)stroop effect examination
D)IAT

Question 58

Introspection, as a cognitive exercise, is an important method of gaining information. What does introspection mean?

A)a process of examining one's thoughts and ideas
B)a method of guessing the internal motivation of a patient
C)a process of retrieving long term memory in the brain
D)a method of examining learned information

Question 59

Lawyers for a convicted thief want the court to overthrow his past conviction based on the prosecutor's questioning of witnesses. In one instance, the prosecutor referred to the defendant as the 'thief' when questioning an elderly witness. What kind of memory bias is involved in this case?

A)leading questions
B)crooked prosecutors
C)gross negligence effect
D)misinformation effect
E)Sarbanes-Oxley

Question 60

Cathy's research in the cognitive science laboratory shows that when participants are asked to think of word synonyms while completing a physical task, their speed reduced by 2-4 seconds. What is this an example of?

A)limited attention
B)dispositional bias
C)limited capacity
D)conceptual misunderstanding

Question 61

Which psychologist defined the structural model of the psyche: ego, superego, and id?

A)Erik Erikson
B)Carl Jung
C)Anna Freud
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 62

In cognitive research, the time between the presentation of a stimuli to a person and their reaction is referred to as:

A)processing time
B)reaction time
C)output time
D)input time

Question 63

In a military training exercise, recruits are conditioned to respond only to the voice of their commanding officer amongst the voices of other personnel. What does this type of differential auditory response signify in perception?

A)attention
B)normalcy
C)salience
D)mnemonic
E)attributional

Question 64

Adam's research study is examining the influence of mainstream media on the perceptions of Arab-Americans. He finds that participants have formed unconscious associations between Arabic names and threatening words such as 'violence'.
What type of social cognition methodology is Adam conducting to study these associations?

A)explicit association test (EAT)
B)unconscious association test (UAT)
C)implicit association test (IAT)
D)cognitive association test (CAT)

Question 65

A mental category that groups objects and relationships in the brain by their common properties is called a(an) ___________________.

A)algorithm
B)mental shortcut
C)hierarchy
D)concept

Question 66

Catherine's previous boss at Deloitte Consulting praised her high sense of self-efficacy. This means that she was likely to _____________ whenever she faced a challenge or a failure.

A)cope without the help of team members
B)become frustrated and abandon tasks altogether
C)become complacent and extend deadlines
D)cope very well while involving team members

Question 67

Susan alternates between eating large amounts of food and then throwing up. She is suffering from an eating disorder called _____________.

A)anorexia nervosa
B)anorexia starvosa
C)bulimia
D)binging

Question 68

In a parallel distributed processing (PDP) connectionist model, objects or events are represented by a pattern of:

A)activation across nodes
B)activation between synapses
C)interpretation across units
D)activation across units

Question 69

Alda has been showing early signs of memory loss and reduced cognitive ability. His doctors recommend a special type of neuroimaging that examines the flow of oxygenated blood and glucose metabolism in the brain. What is this imaging called?

A)Electroencephalography (ECG)
B)Rorschach Ink Blots
C)Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
D)Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (or fMRI)
E)IAT

Question 70

Detective Benn is a criminal psychologist who is interested in juvenile precursors to adult murders. He is most likely interested in ______________________.

A)diagnostic equipment that could detect sociopathy
B)school programs that would deter the worst of juvenile offenders
C)sociopsychological determinants of homicidal behavior in adulthood
D)how the show 'Criminal Minds' handles juvenile murders

Question 71

Jean Piaget's theory of child cognitive development presents stages in which skills are adopted. The first stage is ______________.

A)preoperational
B)concrete operations
C)sensorimotor
D)preoperational

Question 72

Josh is running through campus in preparation from his Friday night football game but stumbles and falls, injuring his right knee. After an initial sharpness, the pain in his knee subsides to a dull ache. ___________ are chemicals released by the brain in reaction to a painful injury.

A)catecholamines
B)endorphins
C)corticosteriods
D)epinephrine

Question 73

Adams approaches concerns about human behavior from the viewpoint that emphasizes the role of bodily functions associated with feelings, actions, and thoughts. Dr. Adams most likely uses the following approach:

A)biological
B)cognitive
C)socio-cultural
D)humanistic

Question 74

Receptors for sour, salty, sweet and bitter tastes are located on the ________________________.

A)tongue, throat, cheeks and mouth roof
B)tongue, throat and mouth roof
C)tongue, cheeks and mouth roof
D)tongue and throat

Question 75

"Monkey see, monkey do" is an example of ______________.

A)brainwashing
B)celebrity worship
C)vicarious learning
D)associative learning

Question 76

In the early 20th century, psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler developed the term 'schizophrenia' to describe mental conditions whereby____________.

A)people develop multiple distinct personalities
B)people develop extreme phobias to familiar objects
C)people escape anxious feelings by engaging in reckless behavior
D)people escape painful events by deliberately forgetting them