Deck 2: Psychology: Concepts and Theories

Question 1

Mundane realism is

A)performing the experiment in the real world.
B)when the experiment is boring and repetitive.
C)the degree to which an experiment is similar to everyday conditions.
D)the experimenter's biases in the experiment.

Answer 1

the degree to which an experiment is similar to everyday conditions.

Question 2

An experiment would have experimental realism if it

A)absorbs and involves its participants.
B)is carried out in the field.
C)was similar to everyday situations.
D)none

Answer 2

absorbs and involves its participants.

Question 3

Experimenters standardize their instructions to subjects in order to

A)minimize demand characteristics.
B)insure accuracy in the results.
C)appear neutral to the group.
D)compare different groups.

Answer 3

minimize demand characteristics.

Question 4

Which is false according to the text. The American and British Psychological Associations

A)protect people from harm and significant discomfort.
B)tell potential participants enough about the experiment to enable their informed consent.
C)fully explain the experiment before preceding.
D)treat information about the individual participants confidentially.

Question 5

Informed consent is

A)American Psychological Association guideline.
B)an ethical principle.
C)law in the United States and Britain.
D)a legal term used in experimental research.

Question 6

The procedure that fools people into disclosing their attitudes is

A)bogus pipeline.
B)denial paradox.
C)low-ball technique.
D)foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Question 7

In response to external circumstances ___________________ people adjust their behavior.

A)intelligent
B)depressed
C)self-conscious
D)unintelligent

Question 8

You can measure attitudes by which of the following techniques?

A)bogus pipeline
B)overjustification pipeline
C)self-monitoring pipeline
D)low-ball technique

Question 9

The text asserts that the tendency for oppressors to disparage their victims is an example of

A)how attitudes shape behavior.
B)how behavior shapes attitudes.
C)bogus pipeline.
D)how role playing comes to shape one's self-identity.

Question 10

A variation of the foot-in-the-door phenomenon is the

A)bogus technique.
B)low-ball technique.
C)self-monitoring technique.
D)justification technique.

Question 11

Salespeople try to prevent customers from canceling their purchases by

A)calling everyday until the agreement is final.
B)having the customer fill out the sales agreement.
C)enlisting them as satisfied customers.
D)giving them names and numbers of other satisfied customers.

Question 12

The text asserts that changing behavior can alter attitudes. Which of the following is an example?

A)civil rights legislation
B)capital punishment
C)traffic laws
D)prohibition

Question 13

The term brainwashing describes what happened to American POWs during which war?

A)World War I
B)World War II
C)Korean War
D)Vietnam War

Question 14

The reduction of dissonance by internally justifying one's behavior when external rewards are lacking is

A)cognitive dissonance effect.
B)insufficient justification effect.
C)psychological reactance effect.
D)self-monitoring effect.

Question 15

According to self-perception theory, behavior shapes attitudes

A)when attitudes are strong and consistent.
B)only in the area of legislation.
C)in self-monitoring people.
D)when attitudes are weak and ambiguous.