Deck 3: Data Representation

Question 1

Computers are designed to process character data and can therefore represent characters directly.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

​Computer input devices convert external data into an internal representation that can be carried to and manipulated by processing circuitry.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The number of digits needed to represent a value decreases as the numbering system's base decreases.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Decimal and binary notations are alternative forms of Boolean logic.

Question 5

Monetary amounts should be stored and manipulated as binary floating-point numbers.

Question 6

Generally, a byte is the largest unit of data that can be read from or written to a storage device.

Question 7

In numbering systems other than the decimal numbering system, the term radix point is used for the period or comma.

Question 8

Automated data processing combines physics and mathematics.

Question 9

​You can increase a fixed radix point format's numeric range by allocating more bits to the whole portion.

Question 10

The representation format for each data type balances compactness, range, accuracy, ease of manipulation, and standardization.

Question 11

ASCII is a 7-bit format because most computers and peripheral devices transmit data in bytes and because parity checking was used widely in the 1960s to 1980s for detecting transmission errors.

Question 12

With any fixed-width data storage format, it's possible that the result of a computation will be too large to fit in the format.

Question 13

Scientific and floating-point notation is far more complex than integer data formats.

Question 14

To avoid overflow and increase accuracy, some computers and programming languages define additional numeric data types called long-precision data formats.

Question 15

In ASCII, NAK is sent to acknowledge correct receipt of data, and ERR is sent to indicate that an error has been detected.

Question 16

The number of bits in a floating-point string and the formats of the mantissa and exponent impose limits on the range of values that can be represented.

Question 17

Double-precision integers are sometimes called large integers.

Question 18

In the binary32 format, the leading sign bit applies to the exponent, not the mantissa.

Question 19

Unicode is widely supported in modern software, including most OSs and word-processing applications.

Question 20

Twos complement notation is simple to understand for most people.

Question 21

Using contiguous storage locations, especially in secondary storage devices, simplifies the allocation of storage locations.

Question 22

​Each element of a doubly linked list has two pointers: one pointing to the next element in the list and one pointing to the top element in the list.

Question 23

More storage locations are required for a linked list than for an array with equivalent content because both data and pointers must be stored.

Question 24

The rightmost digit in a bit string is the ____.

A) least significant digit
B) most significant digit
C) least valuable digit
D) most valuable digit

Question 25

​Linked lists are easier to expand or shrink than arrays are.

Question 26

The leftmost digit in a bit string is called the ____.

A) least significant digit
B) most significant digit
C) least valuable digit
D) most valuable digit

Question 27

Whether implemented in system or application software, almost all data structures make extensive use of pointers and addresses.

Question 28

Large numeric values expressed in octal notation are one-third the length of corresponding ____ notation.

A) decimal
B) ternary
C) binary
D) hexadecimal

Question 29

​The advantage of using an index lies in the efficiency of record insertion, deletion, and retrieval.

Question 30

The term "____" describes the number of bits used to represent a numeric value.

A) compactness
B) completeness
C) value
D) efficiency

Question 31

Binary numbers are well suited to computer processing because they correspond directly with values in ____ logic.

A) Newton
B) ​Boolean
C) Turing
D) standard

Question 32

In the decimal or binary notations, the symbol used to represent a digit and the digit's position in a string determines its ____.

A) sign
B) placement
C) base
D) value

Question 33

Before Unicode, devices designed for character I/O used ASCII by default and vendor-specific methods or older ISO standards to process character sets other than Latin-1.

Question 34

In a sequential file, records are stored in contiguous storage locations.

Question 35

The multiplier that describes the difference between one position and the next is the ____ of the numbering system.

A) Base
B) Mantissa
C) power
D) exponent

Question 36

In the decimal numbering system, the period or comma is called a ____.

A) place holder
B) division point
C) marker point
D) decimal point

Question 37

Hexadecimal numbering uses ____ as its base or radix.

A) 2
B) 8
C) 10
D) 16

Question 38

​In a ____, each digit can have only one of two possible values: 0 or 1.

A) decimal number​
B) ​hexadecimal number
C) ​binary number
D) ​unary number

Question 39

​The complexity of data structures is limited only by the software.

Question 40

Intel microprocessors have been used in PCs since 1961.

Question 41

When discussing computer processing, ____ refers to executing processor instructions, such as addition, subtraction, and equality comparisons, and "ease" refers to machine efficiency.

A) abstraction
B) manipulation
C) interpolation
D) inference

Question 42

The upper 128 entries in Latin-1 are sometimes called ____.

A) multibyte characters
B) international characters
C) Western characters
D) multinational characters

Question 43

A(n) ____ is a whole number-a value that doesn't have a fractional part.

A) real number
B) imaginary number
C) floating point number
D) integer

Question 44

The accuracy, or precision, of data format representation increases with ____.

A) the size of the data word
B) the sign of the data format
C) the number of data bits used
D) the position of the radix

Question 45

A(n) ____ is a related group of primitive data elements organized for some type of common processing and is defined and manipulated in software.

A) primitive
B) object
C) pointer
D) data structure

Question 46

____ occurs when the absolute value of a negative exponent is too large to fit in the bits allocated to store it.

A) Rounding
B) Rotation
C) Overflow
D) Underflow

Question 47

​____ is a character-coding method developed by IBM in the 1960s and used in all IBM mainframes well into the 2000s.

A) ANSI
B) UNICODE
C) EBCDIC
D) ASCII

Question 48

____ occurs when the absolute value of a computational result contains too many bits to fit into a fixed-width data format.

A) Underflow
B) Rounding
C) Approximation
D) Overflow

Question 49

The assignment of numeric codes to characters follows a specific order called a(n) ____.

A) alignment sequence
B) collating sequence
C) alphabet sequence
D) byte sequence

Question 50

In ____ notation, nonnegative integer values are represented as ordinary binary values.

A) twos complement
B) ones complement
C) excess
D) packed

Question 51

The ____ data type has only two data values-true and false.

A) Boolean
B) integer
C) floating point
D) character

Question 52

Numbers such as 1/3 are stored in floating-point format by ____.

A) approximation
B) truncation
C) packing
D) rounding

Question 53

A(n) ____ can contain both whole and fractional components.

A) integer
B) imaginary number
C) real number
D) binary number

Question 54

The data types a CPU supports are sometimes called ____ data types.

A) user
B) complex
C) primitive
D) limited

Question 55

The fractional portion of a real number is represented by digits to the right of the ____.

A) radix point
B) mantissa
C) exponent
D) base

Question 56

In their written form, English and many other languages use alphabetic letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and a variety of other special-purpose symbols known as ____.

A) characters
B) bytes
C) strings
D) integers

Question 57

A ____ data format combines two adjacent fixed-length data items to hold a single value.

A) single-precision
B) standard-precision
C) scientific
D) double-precision

Question 58

Real numbers are represented in computers by using ____.

A) integer notation
B) floating-point notation
C) packed values notation
D) complementary notation

Question 59

____ notation always uses a fixed number of bits, with the leftmost bit representing the sign.

A) Ones complement
B) Excess
C) Twos complement
D) Packed

Question 60

Most CPUs provide a(n) ____ data type, which stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers.

A) signed integer
B) signed real
C) unsigned integer
D) unsigned real

Question 61

A processor's efficiency depends on its ____________________.

Question 62

The address of an array element can be calculated with the starting address of the array and the element's ____.

A) base
B) index
C) size
D) name

Question 63

A sequence of records on secondary storage is called a ____.

A) file
B) record
C) database
D) sleeve

Question 64

In computer terminology, each digit of a binary number is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 65

The programs in a class are called ____.

A) properties
B) attributes
C) methods
D) children

Question 66

____________________ numbers often designate memory addresses.

Question 67

A(n) ____ is an ordered list in which each element can be referenced by an index to its position.

A) list
B) matrix
C) vector
D) array

Question 68

A(n) ____ is a data structure containing both traditional (static) data elements and programs that manipulate the data.

A) Array
B) Stack
C) object
D) class

Question 69

​A(n) ____ is a data element containing the address of another data element.

A) pointer
B) data structure
C) object
D) list

Question 70

The primary advantage of hexadecimal notation, compared with binary notation, is its ____________________.

Question 71

A sequence of records stored in main memory is normally called a ____.

A) table
B) table
C) Database
D) Class

Question 72

​The physical laws of electricity, optics, and quantum mechanics are described by ____________________.

Question 73

A group of bits that describe a single data value is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 74

A(n) ____ is one instance, or variable, of a class.

A) structure
B) object
C) list
D) implementation

Question 75

Compilers and interpreters for high-level programming languages, such as C and Java, convert decimal numbers into ____________________ numbers automatically when generating CPU instructions and data values.

Question 76

A string of eight bits is called a(n) ____________________.

Question 77

A(n) ____ is a data structure that uses pointers so that list elements can be scattered among nonsequential storage locations.

A) array
B) queue
C) linked list
D) stack

Question 78

A(n) ____ is a set of related data values.

A) pointer
B) list
C) array
D) record

Question 79

​Computer systems represent data electrically and process it with ____________________

Question 80

____________________ notation uses the base-8 numbering system and has a range of digits from 0 to 7.