Deck 17: Marketing,Ethics,and Social Responsibility in Today's Consumer Society

Question 1

Ninety-five percent of Americans believe that businesses collect too much information about them.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Behavior is deviant if it

A) is either unexpected or not sanctioned by members of society.
B) is deceptive.
C) is sanctimonious.
D) appeals to either a niche segment or to a shrinking consumer segment.
E) is not environmentally conscious or accepted by major newspapers.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Compulsive buyers get more satisfaction out of the process of shopping as opposed to actually owning the product.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Scientists have established a strong link between compulsive gambling and obesity.

Question 5

Consumers are most likely to conserve energy when they realize this behavior saves money.

Question 6

John has always had a bad habit.When he enters a department store,he feels a great sense of exhilaration and spends lots of money to buy things he does not need.John still does this even though he has to be very careful with money these days since he is out of a job.John has a problem with

A) bulimia.
B) anorexia.
C) excessive saving syndrome.
D) excessive disposal syndrome.
E) compulsive buying.

Question 7

Two psychological factors seem to explain theft: (1)the temptation to steal and (2)the ability to rationalize the behavior.

Question 8

U.S.retailers lose over $41.6 billion in merchandise every year.

Question 9

Consumer theft is usually done by people with lower socio-economic status.

Question 10

Individuals can become addicted to many consumer products and services,including PlayStation and the Internet.

Question 11

Identity theft is a major concern among today's consumers.

Question 12

A consumer is more likely to steal when he or she feels there is a psychological distance between him/her and the retailer.

Question 13

Credit card fraud is usually associated with less educated consumers.

Question 14

Research indicates consumers who watch a little bit of TV tend to be more materialistic then consumers that watch a lot of TV.

Question 15

Addictive behaviors are typically brought on by a chemical dependency.

Question 16

Children are aware of 200 brands by the time they reach the first grade.

Question 17

Some fast-food companies,including Burger King and McDonald's,have agreed to restrict how and what they advertise to children.

Question 18

An example of deviant usage behavior that is illegal is

A) smoking.
B) underage drinking.
C) compulsive buying.
D) binge eating.
E) black markets.

Question 19

While consumer advocacy groups and boycotts are often effective in changing unsavory marketing practices,individual consumer resistance strategies such as complaining to the marketer or negative word of mouth are rarely successful.

Question 20

____ brings an emotional high followed by feelings of remorse,guilt,shame,and depression.

A) Compulsive buying
B) Smoking
C) Environmental destruction
D) Underconsumption
E) A repressed memory

Question 21

The following statement is true about the factors affecting shoplifting.

A) It is driven primarily by economic need.
B) Consumers from all walks of life engage in it.
C) Only middle-aged consumers engage in it.
D) It is driven primarily by a need to relieve depressed moods.
E) It only occurs in the inner city.

Question 22

All of the following are reasons that could influence why some consumers rationalize theft except

A) a belief that the marketer "asked for it."
B) strong marketer ties to the community, with more potential contacts with thieves.
C) social influences on the consumer that encourage theft.
D) when stores have a negative public image.
E) when there are negative consumer attitudes toward businesses.

Question 23

Compulsive buying provides an opportunity for social gratification for those who may feel

A) paranoid.
B) overly concerned with finances.
C) a complete lack of concern about finances.
D) alienated from society.
E) out of control about shopping.

Question 24

Mavis did not quite know why she shoplifted,but it excited her.She would stick small candy bars in her purse and switch price tags on expensive clothing.Mavis's shoplifting is probably caused by

A) a fantasy orientation.
B) low self-esteem.
C) the need for social contacts.
D) low attention level.
E) a thrill-seeking tendency.

Question 25

All of the following are personality factors that are likely to affect compulsive buying except

A) low self-esteem.
B) a high degree of social contacts in society.
C) fantasy orientation.
D) alienation from society.
E) families with a history of compulsive behaviors.

Question 26

Products such as condoms or pregnancy tests may be more tempting to steal because

A) consumers are too embarrassed to buy them through conventional channels.
B) they are scarce and difficult to obtain through conventional channels.
C) the types of consumers who purchase these products are more likely to steal.
D) these products are contraband items.
E) the packaging attracts a high level of attention from customers.

Question 27

Ned regularly stuck a pack of gum or two into his pocket before leaving the supermarket.He did not think of this as shoplifting.The packs never added up to more than a dollar.Besides,he thought,the store was ripping customers off so why not get even.Ned was

A) rationalizing.
B) thrill seeking.
C) fantasizing.
D) undergoing negative state relief.
E) counting the risks and rewards so as to optimize his shoplifting behavior.

Question 28

____ arise(s)when consumers want products that they cannot obtain through legitimate forms of acquisition.

A) The temptation to steal
B) Deconstruction fantasies
C) Fraud
D) Unarmed robbery
E) Binging

Question 29

Temptation is greater when consumers perceive that they can get away with something and that it is worth doing.Thus,consumers may assess both ____ and ____.

A) their negative state / the chance of relief from that negative state
B) their feelings of low self-esteem / the level by which their self-esteem would rise
C) perceived risks / the calculated opportunism of having the product or service
D) their attention level / their retrieval of information about the product
E) advertising for the product / their retrieval of information from advertising about the product

Question 30

Some forms of consumer theft are associated with certain demographic groups.Credit card fraud is more common among

A) teens.
B) divorced individuals.
C) the elderly.
D) empty nesters.
E) better-educated consumers.

Question 31

Thad enjoyed the attention the salespeople gave him each week when he went to buy wallpaper.They seemed genuinely pleased to see him,which he felt was not always so for other people.This is an example of how giving attention to and pleasing others can

A) ease tensions and allow the consumer relief from the real pressures from work.
B) elicit feelings of excitement to relieve the boredom of everyday life.
C) remove the stigma of buying such products.
D) stimulate feelings of nostalgia for better times thus increasing propensity to buy.
E) raise the compulsive buyer's self-esteem and act as a reinforcement for buying.

Question 32

Sometimes people steal just because they know it is something they are not supposed to do.This is known as

A) compulsion.
B) elation.
C) paranoid purchasing.
D) thrill-seeking tendency.
E) psychotic shoplifting.

Question 33

____ often create(s)new forms of consumer theft.

A) Security systems
B) Consumer education
C) Armed fraud
D) Innovations in products or services
E) Inadequate levels of advertising

Question 34

____ and ____ are two psychological factors that best explain theft behavior.

A) Mood / the ability to steal
B) Mood / the opportunity to steal
C) Temptation / the ability to rationalize theft behavior
D) Ability / the opportunity to steal
E) Temptation / the ability to steal

Question 35

Some researchers suggest that marketers ____,creating insatiable desires for new products and services that can lead to a temptation to steal.

A) rely too much on word-of-mouth for promotion
B) rely too much on feature displays in retail stores
C) promote too much through sales and coupons
D) promote too much through free samples and not enough through coupons or sales
E) stimulate unfulfilled aspirations for enticing products

Question 36

Products such as cocaine,alcohol,and tobacco may be more tempting for minors to steal because

A) consumers are too embarrassed to buy them through conventional channels.
B) these products are contraband items.
C) these products tend to be sold in low-crime areas.
D) of their relatively low prices.
E) the packaging attracts a high level of attention from customers.

Question 37

A personality trait often linked to consumers who compulsively buy by making them feel more important than they actually are is called

A) addictive hedonics.
B) compulsive pleasure.
C) emotional absence.
D) fantasy orientation.
E) temporary self-esteem.

Question 38

If the store has a negative public image,theft may be seen as

A) hedonic consumption experience.
B) thrill seeking.
C) revenge.
D) fantasizing.
E) a discount.

Question 39

All of the following are ways in which marketers could help compulsive buyers overcome their addiction except

A) liberal return policies.
B) easy credit terms.
C) sales training in compulsive buying.
D) denials for credit increases.
E) contributions to self-help organizations.

Question 40

Buying makes compulsive buyers feel more important and more grandiose than they actually are.These fantasy feelings may explain how compulsive buyers

A) are able to control other people.
B) avoid the financial consequences of their shopping.
C) escape thoughts about the financial consequences of their shopping.
D) elicit sympathy from others.
E) become innovators in a product category.

Question 41

Scientists have established a strong link between compulsive gambling and

A) lack of binge shopping.
B) consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs.
C) paranoia.
D) lack of compulsive shopping.
E) consumer theft.

Question 42

Half of all junior and senior high school students

A) drink soft drinks compulsively.
B) shoplift.
C) have consumed alcohol.
D) have committed some sort of felony.
E) regularly commit credit card fraud.

Question 43

All of the following are theft-related problems that raise prices except

A) lost merchandise.
B) theft insurance.
C) high-priced security.
D) research and development.
E) price reductions.

Question 44

Despite programs developed to promote safe drinking,children are exposed to a lot of

A) X-rated movies that have foul language and drinking.
B) sales and coupons that encourage impulse purchases of alcohol.
C) violent crime in real life, which leads to drinking.
D) high-pressure salespeople who encourage impulse purchases of alcohol.
E) alcohol and tobacco advertising.

Question 45

Critics argue that the ____ of alcohol makes it all too easy for underage customers to obtain,as proof of age is rarely required.

A) low price
B) high price
C) availability
D) advertising
E) coupon system

Question 46

All of the following are forms of deviant acquisition behavior except

A) bait and switch.
B) compulsive buying.
C) shoplifting.
D) consumer fraud.
E) black markets.

Question 47

At first,it all seemed innocent.Ted had two fresh cream-filled donuts each morning with a cup of hot coffee.Then he started to have the urge to do the same after lunch.With time,he had the uncontrollable urge to consume more than three dozen donuts a day.Ted's consumer behavior was

A) compulsive.
B) fantasizing.
C) rational.
D) controllable and rational.
E) fantasizing and rational.

Question 48

Some consumers buy blocks of tickets to popular sporting events,plays,and concerts and then sell the tickets later at exceptionally high prices.This is an example of a black market because of

A) illegal items that are too plentiful.
B) addictive substances.
C) legal items that are in short supply.
D) illegal items that are in short supply.
E) too few supply outlets.

Question 49

Addictive and compulsive consumption normally occurs because an individual

A) has a great amount of savings that he or she wants to spend.
B) wants a product but cannot acquire it through legitimate means.
C) feels a great attachment to and dependence on a product or activity.
D) has been exposed to too many marketing communications.
E) has been exposed to too few marketing communications.

Question 50

Compulsive gambling is a special case of what is known as

A) hyperconsumption.
B) hyperacquisition.
C) delusional behavior.
D) black market dissonance.
E) compulsive consumption.

Question 51

Black markets may develop and continue primarily because they

A) are exciting.
B) are heavily advertised in the mainstream media.
C) have an efficient distribution system.
D) carry a wide variety of goods with attractive packaging and feature displays.
E) fulfill very basic human needs.

Question 52

____ is when individuals pay (often exorbitant amounts)for items not readily available.

A) A black market
B) Shoplifting
C) Burglary
D) Consumer theft
E) A feature display

Question 53

Katie stole on a dare from friends.This is best thought of as an example of how ____ can lead to theft.

A) threats
B) low self-esteem
C) impersonal environments
D) social influence
E) fantasy

Question 54

Addiction is an example of

A) deviant usage behavior.
B) deviant disposition behavior.
C) compulsive social misbehavior.
D) antisocial consumption.
E) black marketeering.

Question 55

Individuals can become addicted

A) only to social evils such as gambling or addictive substances such as nicotine.
B) only to harmful substances.
C) only to harmful substances and to addictive substances.
D) to many types of consumer behaviors.
E) to very few products.

Question 56

There is some evidence that the more young consumers ____,the greater is their knowledge of and intention to consume alcohol.

A) view alcohol ads
B) earn
C) have a high rank in social status
D) are lacking in consumer experience
E) have experience as consumers

Question 57

Theft is a problem

A) primarily for marketers.
B) primarily for security companies.
C) primarily for consumers.
D) for advertisers and marketers.
E) for consumers and marketers.

Question 58

Binge drinking is

A) drinking and then quitting repeatedly several times.
B) drinking without eating.
C) eating without drinking, causing severe headaches.
D) drinking more than five drinks in one sitting.
E) worshipping the porcelain god.

Question 59

One business-initiated marketing activity that is aimed at reducing addictive and compulsive consumption is

A) compulsive gambling hot lines set up by casinos.
B) Gamblers Anonymous.
C) MADD.
D) BAM.
E) NOW.

Question 60

The vast majority of new recruits for the cigarette industry are

A) preschool and elementary school students.
B) middle-age individuals.
C) young adults in their twenties.
D) the elderly, who are vulnerable to cigarette advertising.
E) adolescents.

Question 61

Materialism can make consumers

A) less satisfied with their own personal accomplishments.
B) more patriotic.
C) less interested in advertising.
D) more socially aware.
E) more connected with others.

Question 62

Describe the types of deviant acquisition behavior.

Question 63

Jergen's lotion and Windex cleaners are attempting to be more environmentally conscious by

A) making packaging biodegradable.
B) encouraging recycling of its packaging with consumer incentive programs.
C) not using toxic chemicals in their products.
D) reducing the amount of packaging for their products.
E) making their containers refillable.

Question 64

The Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star program helps consumers

A) choose energy efficient appliances.
B) rate products based on their quality.
C) by recommending environmentally friendly usage techniques for many products.
D) by providing consumers with a list of household consumer products that are made with energy efficient manufacturing processes.
E) by giving consumers awards for environmentally friendly activities.

Question 65

One main problem with advertising directed at children is that children

A) do not watch television and are therefore not exposed to the ads.
B) are not easily influenced, therefore advertising spending is wasted.
C) may not be able to distinguish between programming and ads.
D) are very skeptical and will not believe ads.
E) have no influence in household decisions.

Question 66

The FCC has ruled that advertising to children

A) must contain wording for at least ten seconds stating that it is advertising.
B) must contain no more than 35 percent persuasive content so that less purchase pressure is placed on parents.
C) must not contain characters for any movies that have come out within the past six months.
D) must be limited to 12 minutes per hour on weekdays and 10.5 minutes per hour on weekends.
E) must contain at least 60 percent nonverbal content to aid in understanding.

Question 67

Consumer theft is a major problem that is costly for both marketers and consumers.What are the factors affecting consumer theft and what are the consequences?

Question 68

____ proposes that individuals have a drive to compare themselves to other people.

A) Reference theory
B) Self-drive theory
C) Compulsive Buyers Anonymous
D) Differential association
E) Social comparison theory

Question 69

Advertising has been accused of having a negative impact on the self-image of viewers.Specifically,it can

A) encourage impulse buying.
B) make consumers buy cheaper sale items, thus lowering their self-image and their image in society in general.
C) make consumers materialistic and dissatisfied with their appearance.
D) encourage compulsive buying.
E) discourage impulse buying, thus lowering self-esteem and self-image.

Question 70

An organized activity in which consumers avoid purchasing products or services from a company whose products are seen as unfair or unjust is called a

A) WOM.
B) CPSP.
C) negative WOM.
D) boycott.
E) deviant disposal behavior.

Question 71

The World Health Organization believes there is convincing evidence linking childhood obesity to

A) Sesame Street's Cookie Monster's behavior.
B) Parents' bad eating habits.
C) Product placement by fast food restaurants on Saturday morning television programs.
D) Junk food advertising on television.
E) Lack of exercise programs in grade schools

Question 72

To address the problem of young children confusing program and ad content,both the FTC and FCC have recommended that

A) ads contain wording saying that they are advertisements.
B) ads on Saturday morning be less persuasive so that less purchase pressure is placed on parents.
C) television stations use a separator between the program and the ad.
D) ads on Saturday morning not contain characters from any recent movies.
E) ads directed at young children not contain any serious informational content.

Question 73

When consumers provide detailed purchasing information to a catalog company,the result can be a customized catalog for each consumer.Which of the following is not a benefit of this marketing practice?

A) It eliminates waste by allowing consumers to receive direct mail targeting them.
B) It better matches offerings to consumers' needs.
C) It keeps costs down so that savings may be passed to the consumer.
D) It helps marketers more accurately identify products that can meet consumers' needs.
E) It is an invasion of consumers' privacy.

Question 74

Advertising that appeals directly to younger children

A) can create family conflict.
B) is usually considered educational.
C) puts high pressure on adults to consume leisure goods from their youth.
D) is usually not an important influence on family purchases.
E) creates confusion about which products to purchase.

Question 75

Thad regularly engaged in shoplifting.How might he rationalize his behavior?

Question 76

Spreading negative information by word of mouth,informing the public about socially inappropriate marketing practices,and boycotts are all examples of

A) social marketing.
B) social consumer behavior.
C) inappropriate consumer behavior.
D) inappropriate marketing.
E) consumer resistance.

Question 77

Models in advertising are often

A) encouraging illicit consumer behavior.
B) encouraging compulsive consumption.
C) older, more seasoned stars.
D) idealized body images.
E) porn stars as well, linking consumption with sex addiction.

Question 78

How can consumers be tempted to steal?

Question 79

Describe the types of deviant usage behavior.

Question 80

The use of Spuds MacKenzie ads (the spokesdog for Bud Lite)was banned in Ohio.There was concern that Budweiser was explicitly targeting young customers by

A) broadcasting such ads on Saturday mornings.
B) portraying advertising images that youths find relevant.
C) mentioning the healthful attributes of such products.
D) keeping the vocabulary simple.
E) encouraging parents to purchase such products for their teenage children.