Deck 4: Development

Question 1

Erik Erikson was best known for his theories on the social development of human beings. His theories describe the eight stages required for a healthy human to develop from infancy to late adulthood. Which answer below describes the 4^th stage?

A)Adolescent: ego identity vs. role confusion
B)Infant: trust vs. mistrust
C)School age child: industry vs. inferiority
D)Pre-school: initiative vs. guilt

Answer 1

School age child: industry vs. inferiority

Question 2

Katrina is becoming self-sufficient in her own home life. What age best describes this level of human development?

A)4 to 5 years of age
B)2 to 3 years of age
C)1 ½ to 2 years of age
D)3 to 4 years of age

Answer 2

3 to 4 years of age

Question 3

Alex gets into major fights at school and within the community. He appears to demonstrate aggressive and violent behaviors. Alex has also been caught stealing and he shows disregard for his safety. Which disorder appropriately defines this 16-year-old boy?

A)Anti-social personality disorder
B)Manic depressive disorder
C)ADHD
D)Compulsive behavior disorder

Answer 3

Anti-social personality disorder

Question 4

The Johnson family recently lost their home when the head of household was laid off from a high-income job. Bills have accumulated and food is being purchased by credit cards that are almost to their maximum limits. Stress levels of both parents are starting to have an effect on the children's schooling. What social support is most beneficial at this time?

A)Tangible support
B)Informational support
C)Emotional support
D)All of the above

Question 5

There are several theories on the aging process of older adults. Societies agree that elders should voluntarily slow down and retire. Which process views this withdrawal as beneficial to the aging individual and their community?

A)The activity theory
B)Life review
C)Disengagement theory
D)Ego integrity theory

Question 6

Basic needs for love and esteem that are given on a consistent basis nourish a happy child. When these needs are not met, children suffer emotionally. Maslow refers to this as:

A)Psychological
B)Emotional dependency
C)Hierarchy of needs
D)External need fulfillment

Question 7

Cassandra is given blanket approval for everything she does. There are never consequences and she will push the limits until someone finally says "NO!" Inappropriate behaviors occur due to Cassandra seeking discipline. She is subconsciously compelled to make someone step in due to a need for help in controlling impulses. This behavior stems from:

A)Only-child syndrome
B)Abuse and neglect
C)Attention deficit disorder
D)Spoiled-child syndrome

Question 8

Calvin has disowned that part of himself that controls anger. His sudden outbursts and bad temperament are a natural part of Calvin's neural network. He found love with Rebecca who, unlike him, displays no anger. She rarely gets upset and does not ever raise her voice. This theory of opposites attract is described as:

A)Relationship conflict
B)Separation anxiety
C)Polarization
D)Compulsive behavior disorder

Question 9

Some individuals are less likely to be aware of their behavior and the affect it has on others. Often times, one will develop a thick scab of contempt. Example: Sherrie has difficulty maintaining healthy relationships because she has a need to always be right. In fact, this is a defense against deep-seated fears of being wrong. Sherry would be considered:

A)An externalizer
B)An internalizer
C)An ADD adult
D)Bi-polar

Question 10

Social cognitive theory believes that behavior is affected by environmental influences, personal factors, and attributes of the behavior itself. What is the most important concept within this theory that determines a person's behavior change?

A)Alter-ego
B)Self-efficacy
C)Nurture vs. nature
D)Emotional dependence

Question 11

Five-year-old Jesse has been displaying inappropriate behaviors on the playground. He wants to take other children's toys, push them off the swings when he wants a turn, and knocks kids down to get to the slide. Jesse clearly does not like to share or wait in line during recess. His teacher started conditioning him by providing the opportunity of being first in line for recess when he displays appropriate playing behaviors the previous day. Eventually, Jesse found that he could get to the swings and slide faster if he behaved. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. What theory of learning is based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through this conditioning?

A)Anti-social theory
B)Communication theory
C)Comprehension theory
D)Behaviorism theory

Question 12

Mothers who are responsive to their infant's needs establish a sense of security and the baby knows the parent is dependable. This allows the base for a child to explore and feel safe. Caregivers have a huge impact that continues throughout life. John Bowlby first described this theory and named it what?

A)Infant bonding theory
B)Nature vs. nurture theory
C)Attachment theory
D)Survival theory

Question 13

Self-efficacy is the belief in one's capabilities to organize and put into action prospective situations. Bandura described these ideas as determinants of how people behave, feel, and think. An individual's self-efficacy plays a role in how goals and challenges are approached. Which of the descriptors below addresses people with weak self-efficacy?

A)The belief that difficult tasks and situations are not beyond their capabilities
B)High confidence levels within personal abilities
C)Looks forward to challenging tasks
D)Focus on personal failings and negative outcomes

Question 14

Strategies used to cope with anxiety can be overused, causing them to take on the appearance of needs. Karen Horney developed a well-known theory that results from basic anxiety caused by interpersonal relationships: indifference, erratic behavior, direct or indirect domination, lack of respect, disparaging attitudes, lack of guidance, absence of admiration, lack of reliable warmth, having to take sides in an argument, too much or too little responsibility, injustice, discrimination, over-protection, isolation, unkept promises, and hostile environment. This theory is called what?

A)Neurosis
B)Needs
C)Abandonment
D)Cognition

Question 15

Henry lives in an apartment with several tenants. He avoids all contact with his neighbors and does not have any friends. When Henry sees a neighbor coming down the hall, he will turn and go the other direction to evade simple conversation or eye contact. His life is very lonely and he makes no effort to rectify the situation. What kind of personality disorder does Henry suffer from?

A)Anti-social personality disorder
B)Avoidant personality disorder
C)Depressive disorder
D)Bi-polar disorder

Question 16

Severe trauma during early childhood can have the effect of personality states that continually hold power over an individual's behavior. Repetitive physical, sexual, and emotional abuse causes an inability to recall key personal bits of information. Memories tend to vary according to the different identities one assumes. What is the name of this disorder?

A)Alter-Ego Disorder
B)Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome
C)Bi-Polar Disorder
D)Dissociative Identity Disorder

Question 17

Bipolar disorder used to be called manic depressive disorder. The seriousness of this mental illness leads one to dangerous behaviors such as suicide. Less severe cases tend to damage personal relationships and careers. It is characterized by high and low mood swings that move from mania to depression. How is mania described?

A)Sadness, crying, sense of worthlessness, loss of energy
B)Restless, talkative, reckless, euphoric
C)Anger, hostility, stress, tension
D)Happiness, cheerful, excited, pleasure

Question 18

Some individuals suffer from a disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings. Manic behaviors that may be damaging to a person's health will suddenly change to a manner of depression. This is a complex disease to diagnose since moods can last for weeks or months. What is the disorder being described?

A)Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
B)Bi-Polar Disorder
C)Dissociative Identity Disorder
D)ADHD

Question 19

Over a third of people in various countries meet criteria for major categories of this disorder at some point in their life. It is defined as a psychological or behavioral pattern related to disability or distress occurring within an individual and is not a part of their normal development. Psychotherapy and psychiatric medication are two major treatment options. What is being described?

A)Psychosis
B)Psychotic disorder
C)Mental disorder
D)Schizophrenia

Question 20

Schizophrenia typically occurs in young adulthood and is accompanied by significant occupational or social dysfunction. The diagnosis is based on self-reported experiences and observed behaviors. There are no medical tests to validate the existence of this disorder. What are some reported symptoms?

A)Hallucinations, disorganized speech, paranoia, social isolation
B)Restlessness, talkative, sadness, crying
C)Violent outbursts, anger episodes, night terrors
D)Alter-ego, neurological problems, weight gain

Question 21

Older teens and young adults self-report symptoms of this serious mental illness, usually before the age of 19. Contributory factors include environment, genetics, and psychological and social processes. Symptoms appear as auditory hallucinations, bizarre delusions, paranoia, and disorganized speech. This disorder mainly affects cognition, but also contributes to emotional and behavioral problems. What illness is being described?

A)Dissociative identity disorder
B)Bi-polar disorder
C)Schizophrenia
D)Catatonia

Question 22

Tina has suffered with obsessive-compulsive disorder for years. She has tried medications and seen several psychologists with no relief. The recommendation is for Tina to attend therapy that will promote positive reinforcement, modeling, and social skills training. The idea is to analyze the information gathered from the patient and make temporary changes in her activities. What kind of therapy should she attend?

A)Cognitive therapy
B)Addictions therapy
C)Behavior therapy
D)Anxiety therapy

Question 23

The diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has been quite controversial since the 1970's. Boys tend to be diagnosed two to four times more frequently than girls and symptoms occur prior to the age of seven. This neurobehavioral development disorder is the most diagnosed problem in children, affecting what percentage globally?

A)70% to 85%
B)40% to 60%
C)10% to 20%
D)3% to 5%

Question 24

Jacob is a kindergartner at Lewis Elementary School. His teacher, Ms. Shirley, is concerned about specific behaviors the child is exhibiting. Jacob forgets his school supplies constantly and does not appear to be able to focus well. He becomes bored with a task after just a few minutes, cannot complete homework assignments, and does not listen when spoken to. Ms. Shirley feels that his behaviors are becoming a handicap in the classroom and refers him for what kind of diagnosis assessment?

A)Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
B)Dissociative Behavior Disorder
C)Oppositional Defiant Disorder
D)Developmental Disorder

Question 25

Michael has felt sad and low many times for brief periods of time. Lately, intense feelings of helplessness, hopelessness, and worthlessness have been lasting for weeks. Experiencing at least five symptoms of this disorder may give one what diagnosis?

A)Insomnia
B)Bi-polar disorder
C)Major depression
D)Post traumatic stress disorder

Question 26

Anxiety is described as a response to complications that affect our everyday lives. Examples would be a pending divorce, losing a job, or a child failing school. These are considered psychological triggers that motivate us to try and resolve the problem. When does anxiety go from a normal stage to a severe problem?

A)When thoughts turn to self harm
B)When it interferes with problem solving
C)When it lasts for a short amount of time
D)When it alerts one to a problem

Question 27

When we are faced with a physical threat that can result in serious harm or death, the "fight or flight" response is activated. This causes one to defend themselves or run away to escape injury. This same response is felt when problems complicate our lives in a non-physical manner. The loss of a job is a good example. The mind is motivated to resolve the problem and this is called what?

A)Schizophrenia
B)Hallucinatory reaction
C)Anxiety
D)Anti-social behavior

Question 28

Allan has to give a huge presentation before the board members of his company. He has no problem getting his point across to fellow workers, but is extremely worried about this particular event. Once Allan enters the room and stands in front of his audience, he goes into a panic attack and has to leave. Allan is displaying signs of what problem?

A)Social anxiety
B)Anti-social behavior
C)Paranoia
D)Self-intimidation

Question 29

Lisa suffers from social anxiety and self treats the disorder by avoiding all situations where she comes into contact with strangers. This has been a problem for Lisa since she was a teenager and has never sought professional help. Social anxiety requires psychological treatment that uses techniques appropriate to the symptoms. What are the techniques offered for therapy?

A)Medication and group counseling
B)Being forced to talk with strangers
C)Avoiding all social situations
D)Cognitive therapy with behavioral interventions

Question 30

Wilson lives in a quiet neighborhood on the outskirts of town. Everyone on her block steers clear anytime she is outside of her home. Neighbors describe Mrs. Wilson as being moody and frequently placing herself in chaotic relationships with men. The ambulance can be seen at her home at least twice a month for self-injurious acts she has committed upon herself. Mrs. Wilson has cut her wrists and attempted suicide many times. What kind of disorder is Mrs. Wilson suffering from?

A)Narcissistic personality disorder
B)Alter-ego disorder
C)Borderline personality disorder
D)Impulse control disorder

Question 31

A disorder that is becoming quite common in today's society affects relationships and work with its long-term chronic patterns. Symptoms include intolerance of being alone, frequent episodes of inappropriate anger, self-injury, and a feeling of emptiness. Individuals with this problem demonstrate impulsiveness with substance abuse, money, shoplifting, and sexual relationships.

A)Chronic fatigue syndrome
B)ADHD
C)Obsessive compulsive behavior
D)Borderline personality disorder

Question 32

Children with this disorder often intimidate, threaten, or bully others. They can be physically cruel to people and animals, often initiating fights. Serious violations to rules start prior to the age of 13 and include running away from home or truancy from school. Some kids will destroy property by setting fires and causing extreme damage. What kind of problem do these symptoms demonstrate?

A)Tourette Syndrome
B)Oppositional defiant disorder
C)Conduct disorder
D)ADHD

Question 33

Jeremy skips school on a regular basis and hangs out at an old abandoned house. When he is in school, there are constant aggressive behaviors that usually result in fighting. Repeated disciplinary techniques have been tried by the parents. The last time Jeremy got in trouble at school, he was grounded at home for two weeks. Jeremy ran away one evening and burned the old abandoned house down. He is demonstrating symptoms of what disorder?

A)Conduct disorder
B)Autistic disorder
C)Obsessive compulsive disorder
D)Childhood depression

Question 34

Persistent ideas, thoughts, or impulses can intrude on an individual's thoughts, causing significant distress. This form of anxiety disorder also displays repetitive behaviors that are performed in an effort to reduce anxious feelings. Approximately 2% of the population develops this problem.

A)Social conduct disorder
B)Tourette syndrome
C)Oppositional defiant disorder
D)Obsessive compulsive disorder

Question 35

Tourette syndrome is not the direct physiological effects of a substance or a medical condition. The age of onset is usually between 7 and 10 years of age, with some children showing signs at an earlier age. Research indicates that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of Tourette syndrome and one in one hundred have a milder version. What are the characterizations of this disorder?

A)Voluntarily hitting other children for attention
B)Repetitive, involuntary movements or vocalizations
C)Cruelty to animals and aggressive behavior
D)Depression, sadness and low self-esteem

Question 36

Calvin is an 8-year-old child who has difficulty with involuntary movements and vocalizations. He will stamp his feet while echoing what others say. Calvin has very little control over his behaviors and symptoms appear to be increasing with age. The child needs to complete a series of foot stampings before he seems to calm down and relax. These symptoms mimic what kind of disorder?

A)Narcissistic disorder
B)Anti-social disorder
C)Obsessive compulsive disorder
D)Tourette syndrome

Question 37

Autism is a spectrum disorder defined by a certain set of behaviors that children and adults exhibit in varying ways. Two people with the same diagnosis may display any combination of behaviors in any degree of severity. The main symptom of autism is the abnormal or impaired development of communication and social interaction. What criteria are needed for an autism diagnosis?

A)Failure to develop peer relationships
B)Delay in the spoken language
C)Lack of social or emotional reciprocity
D)All of the above

Question 38

The seventh leading cause of death in the United States is the most common form of dementia. It is a progressive brain disease affecting as many as 5.3 million people. Problems with thinking are severe enough to alter work habits, hobbies, and social life. Brain cells are destroyed causing memory loss that over time will become fatal. What is this incurable disease called?

A)Cognitive memory disorder
B)Social identity disorder
C)Alzheimer disorder
D)Degenerative dementia

Question 39

Lydia's father has never had a great memory when it comes to intricate details, but lately she is noticing more of a loss. Five years ago, he was diagnosed with a slight case of dementia. Lately, her father is demonstrating confusion and other major changes in his way of thinking. Testing from his doctor confirms that brain cells are failing and he is diagnosed with what disorder?

A)Cognitive delay syndrome
B)Autism syndrome
C)Social identity disorder
D)Alzheimer's disease

Question 40

There are psychotherapeutic approaches aimed at solving problems concerning dysfunctional emotions such as post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, and clinical depression. Technique-driven and direct treatments are given for specific psychological disorders. Therapy can be given individually or in a group setting with self-help methods. What is this treatment program called?

A)Evidence-based treatment
B)Exposure therapy
C)Cognitive restructuring treatment
D)Cognitive behavioral therapy

Question 41

All children will argue, talk back, and disobey adults at some time. This is most noticeable in the normal development of two and three year olds. When the behaviors become uncooperative and hostile in a consistent manner, there is a serious issue. When compared with other children their same developmental level these behaviors affect social, family, and academic life.

A)Oppositional defiant disorder
B)Cognitive behavioral disorder
C)Autism disorder
D)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Question 42

Oppositional defiant disorder describes children with serious behaviors that are uncooperative and hostile towards authority figures. The problem is often observed at home and school, affecting a child's family, social, and academic life. What percentage of school-aged children suffer from this disorder?

A)58%
B)47%
C)10%
D)16%

Question 43

Snyder has a lot of difficulty with a student in her 4^th grade class. Zachary disobeys rules, talks back, and likes to argue. He demonstrates frequent temper tantrums and will not comply with her requests. Mrs. Snyder contacts Zachary's parents for a conference and finds out the problem is also occurring at home. Recommendations are made to refer the child for what kind of evaluation?

A)Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
B)Oppositional defiant disorder
C)Bi-polar disorder
D)Anti-social disorder

Question 44

Bethany was called in to have a conference with her supervisor at work. He wanted to discuss problems being observed with her work day. Many times Bethany has been seen dozing off at her desk. She forgets assignments and due dates for reports, while showing an inability to concentrate on tasks. Bethany explains she has been having headaches and will attempt to do better. What could Bethany being suffering from?

A)Amnesia disorder
B)Chronic fatigue disorder
C)Cognitive delay syndrome
D)Anti-social disorder

Question 45

This disorder was a mystery for years and not classified as a disorder until recently. Doctors have realized the severity of the problem and recommend therapy that will eliminate the problem. Symptoms of headaches, sore throats, swollen lymph nodes, muscle pain, memory loss, and extreme exhaustion are quite common with this disorder.

A)Agoraphobia disorder
B)Cognitive behavior disorder
C)Chronic fatigue syndrome
D)Bi-polar disorder

Question 46

Today's society and media promotes the ideal body as being extremely thin. This supports the idea that people should have a slender physique to be recognized or liked. Individuals who have low self-esteem believe these notions to be true. They believe gaining control of their emotions requires extreme techniques for losing weight. What are symptoms of an eating disorder?

A)Loss of menstrual cycles
B)Memory loss
C)Lack of concentration
D)Temper tantrums

Question 47

An unstable family relationship has caused Amber to have an overwhelming feeling of low self-esteem. She feels coping with her problems and managing stress requires her to take control of something. With this thought in mind, Amber tends to focus on her body. To master her emotions, she must achieve the ideal thinness to find happiness. What disorder is being described?

A)Genetic predisposition disorder
B)Family dynamic disorder
C)Chronic fatigue syndrome
D)Eating disorders