Deck 1: Anatomy and Physiology: Muscles, Nerves, Bones, and Tissues

Question 1

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

A)Cardiac, smooth, rough
B)Cardiac, smooth, skeletal
C)Smooth, rough, skeletal
D)Cardiac, type I, type II

Answer 1

Cardiac, smooth, skeletal

Question 2

Which of the following facts is not true about skeletal muscles?

A)They account for 36-45% of total body weight.
B)Skeletal muscle is the most plentiful tissue type in the body.
C)They can be stretched to up to 250% of their resting length.
D)They usually operate together with other muscles in functional groups.

Answer 2

They can be stretched to up to 250% of their resting length.

Question 3

Which of the three types of muscle action has a constant speed of shortening and lengthening?

A)Concentric
B)Eccentric
C)Isometric
D)Antagonistic

Answer 3

Isometric

Question 4

What is the correct order of structures of a muscle from smallest to largest?

A)Muscle fiber, endomysium, fascicles, perimysium, epimysium
B)Muscle fiber, epimysium, fascicles, perimysium, endomysium
C)Muscle fiber, endomysium, perimysium, fascicles, epimysium
D)Muscle fiber, epimysium, endomysium, fascicles, perimysium

Question 5

Which muscular structure surrounds the actual muscle fiber and is responsible for depolarization of the surface of the fiber and protection and insulation of the fiber from others around it?

A)Satellite cells
B)Sarcoplasm
C)Fascia
D)Sarcolemma

Question 6

What part within the muscle fiber stores glycogen and myoglobin and is made up of lipids, enzymes and various types of cellular organelles?

A)Sarcolemma
B)Sarcoplasm
C)Transverse tubules
D)Myofibrils

Question 7

Within the myofibril, which of the following is the lighter band that contains only actin?

A)H zone
B)M line
C)A band
D)I band

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes what happens within the muscle fiber during contraction?

A)Myosin cross-bridges bind, actin slides over myosin, Z lines are pulled together
B)Z lines are pulled together, myosin slides over actin, myosin cross-bridges bind
C)Myofilaments shorten in length, sarcomere lengthens, Z lines are pulled together
D)Myosin filaments shorten, actin slides over myosin, A band shortens

Question 9

What is the function of calcium in the muscle stimulation process?

A)Provides the action potential
B)Binds with troponin to open up binding sites
C)Binds to actin filaments' binding sites
D)Conducts the electrical impulse along the myofibril

Question 10

Which of the following does not correctly describe fast-twitch muscles fibers?

A)They have a quick rate of calcium ion releases
B)They use blood glucose and muscle glycogen for energy.
C)They are used during aerobic exercises.
D)They generate fast, powerful muscle actions.

Question 11

Why are slow-twitch muscles more resistant to fatigue during exercise, thus making them better for longer duration exercises?

A)They have more developed sarcoplasmic reticula, which release calcium more quickly.
B)They have less developed sarcoplasmic reticula, which release calcium more quickly.
C)They have less developed sarcoplasmic reticula, which release calcium more slowly.
D)They have more developed sarcoplasmic reticula, which release calcium more slowly.

Question 12

What is the correct name for the type of nerves that excite organ systems, such as the digestive system or the circulatory system?

A)Autonomic
B)Somatic
C)Afferent
D)Central

Question 13

What part of a nerve cell allows for saltatory conduction?

A)Myelin sheath
B)Dendrites
C)Axon terminals
D)Nodes of Ranvier

Question 14

What controls the process of changing membrane potential in the nerve cell membrane by allowing sodium ions to rush into the cell?

A)Depolarization
B)Hyperpolarization
C)Sodium-potassium pump
D)Saltatory conduction

Question 15

What principle is at play when the electrical threshold of the nerve cell membrane is reached, causing the propagation of the action potential?

A)The Schwann cell principle of conduction
B)The all-or-none principle
C)The sliding filament principle
D)The principle of repolarized propagation

Question 16

What is the anatomical name for the location on a muscle fiber where a nerve impulse is received?

A)Synapse
B)Motor endplate
C)Neuromuscular junction
D)Golgi organ

Question 17

What relays information to the central nervous system about changes in the body and limbs' positions due to muscular motions?

A)Proprioceptors
B)Nerve cells
C)Muscle spindles
D)Motor endplates

Question 18

Which part of the muscle fiber protects the muscle from injury due to excessive or rapid stretching?

A)Proprioceptors
B)Neurotransmitters
C)Golgi tendon organs
D)Muscle spindles

Question 19

What specialized sensor is located near the musculotendinous junction and provides input regarding bodily movements or pressure?

A)Pacinian corpuscles
B)Golgi tendon organs
C)Muscle spindles
D)Proprioceptors

Question 20

Which part of the muscle fiber senses changes in the tension of the muscle?

A)Pacinian corpuscles
B)Neurotransmitters
C)Muscle spindles
D)Golgi tendon organs

Question 21

Which type of osseous tissue is porous and consists of trabeculae that form a lattice structure?

A)Compact
B)Cortical
C)Cancellous
D)Haversian

Question 22

What type of osseous tissue makes up the Haversian system and comprises up 80% of skeletal mass?

A)Spongy
B)Trabecular
C)Cancellous
D)Compact

Question 23

In what location does hematopoiesis and storage of calcium and phosphate occur?

A)Cell membranes
B)Osseous tissue
C)Sarcolemma
D)Interstitial spaces

Question 24

What occurs at the epiphyseal plate?

A)Ossification
B)Hematopoiesis
C)Depolarization
D)Neurotransmission

Question 25

What substance is an inelastic tissue composed of protein and is a structural part of all living tissue?

A)Collagen
B)Fascia
C)Ground substance
D)Bone

Question 26

Which tissue composed of collagen can be found in sheets, cords or band-like structures?

A)Tendons
B)Ligaments
C)Bone
D)Muscles

Question 27

What type of tissue has a form called serous, which is fluid-filled?

A)Osseous
B)Tendons
C)Collagen
D)Fascia

Question 28

Which of the following is not a function of fascia?

A)Providing a framework to bind and protect muscles
B)Assisting in the conduction of the action potential from the nervous system to a muscle to make it move
C)Allowing safe transmission of forces from the muscles
D)Providing insulation to the internal tissues and organs

Question 29

Which of the following decreases bone health in the elderly, increasing the risks involved in falling?

A)Osteoblasts break down bone cells faster in older age groups.
B)Resorption slows down with advancing age.
C)Bone remodeling ceases after menopause.
D)Bone formation is outpaced by resorption, causing decreased bone density.

Question 30

Which organ system is responsible for transport of nutrients, removal of waste and overall environmental maintenance to support the body's function?

A)Endocrine
B)Cardiovascular
C)Respiratory
D)Reproductive

Question 31

What is the correct term for the amount of blood pumped out by the left ventricle during one beat of the heart?

A)Stroke volume
B)End-diastolic volume
C)Catecholamine volume
D)Cardiac output

Question 32

All of the following are components of the heart's electrical conduction system EXCEPT:

A)Sinoatrial node
B)Atrioventricular node
C)Catecholamines
D)Purkinje fibers

Question 33

How do the parts of a lever apply to principles of exercise in the body?

A)Joints are the axis, skeletal muscles provide resistance, and any weights carried cause force to be applied
B)Joints are the fulcrum, weights provide resistance, and the movements issue force against the weights
C)Joints are the fulcrum, weights provide resistance, and the skeletal muscles are the axis
D)Joints are the axis, skeletal muscle contractions cause force to be applied, and the moving portion are the resistance

Question 34

Which type of lever has the resistance between the effort force and the axis of rotation with the force arm greater than the resistance arm?

A)First-class lever
B)Second-class lever
C)Third-class lever
D)Axis lever