Deck 19: Transportation

Question 1

What is the radius of a 10.6° roadway curve (in feet)?

A)168.70 feet
B)270.26 feet
C)540.53 feet
D)Not enough information provided

Answer 1

540.53 feet

Question 2

What is the degree of curve of a roadway curve with a radius of 500 feet (in degrees)?

A)11.4°
B)22.8°
C)23.6°
D)Not enough information provided

Answer 2

11.4°

Question 3

What is the length of the arc for the given curve?
Radius 245.00
Tangent in N 20°30' E
Tangent out N 30°30' E

A)9.07 feet
B)13.61 feet
C)41.24 feet
D)42.76 feet

Answer 3

42.76 feet

Question 4

Why is a correction factor applied to roadway earthwork volume calculations for alignments that include a horizontal curve?

A)To account for volume of roadway bedding material
B)To account for soil shrinkage or swell
C)To account for the eccentricity of the curved area
D)To provide a factor of safety

Question 5

What is the minimum spiral curve length transition for a new roadway with a radius of 1000 feet and a design speed of 45 miles per hour (mph), assuming a 2 ft/sec3 lateral acceleration increase rate?

A)143.5 feet
B)158.6 feet
C)229.2 feet
D)237.6 feet

Question 6

What is the approximate optimal length for a transitional spiral curve when using a 2,400 feet (ft) circular curve and a design speed of 70 miles per hour (mph)?

A)100 ft
B)175 ft
C)200 ft
D)225 ft

Question 7

Which of the following is not a type of horizontal roadway curve?

A)Simple
B)Compound
C)Reverse
D)Superelevation

Question 8

Which of the following equations are used to compute latitudes and departures of traverses?
1. Departure = latitude/ tan bearing
2. Latitude = cos bearing x length of course
3. Departure = sin bearing x length of course

A)1, 2
B)1, 3
C)2, 3
D)None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following reasons provides an explanation of why reverse circular curves are seldom used in roadway design?

A)Design calculations are complex and contain too many variables to model
B)The instantaneous change in direction would result in unsafe driving conditions and traveler discomfort
C)Methods of construction for reverse circular curves are cost prohibitive
D)All of the above

Question 10

In which of the following situations might a compound circular curve be used in roadway design?

A)Highway traversing relatively flat expanse
B)Low-speed roadway in hilly terrain
C)Downtown arterial roadway
D)All of the above

Question 11

What is the total length of a project that begins at Sta 70+00.00 and ends at Sta 226+45.23?

A)29,645.23 ft
B)15,645.23 ft
C)2,945.23 ft
D)156.45 ft

Question 12

The elevation of Sta 10+00 on a 2.5% grade line is 204.00 feet (ft) and the elevation of Sta 20+00 on a 3% line is 200.00 ft. What is the station at which the two grade lines intersect?

A)Sta 6+00
B)Sta 10+00
C)Sta 16+00
D)Sta 20+00

Question 13

What is the elevation of the point of vertical tangency for an equal-tangent sag vertical curve with the following given information?
G₁ = -2%, G₂ = +4%, L= 300 ft, PVC Sta = 100+00, PVC Elev = 100.00 ft

A)96 ft
B)103 ft
C)128 ft
D)None of the above

Question 14

The approximate location of the low point of a 400 ft sag vertical curve is at which of the following stations? Assume g₁ = -3.2%, g₂ = 1.8%, PVI is located at Sta 100+00.

A)Sta 95+44
B)Sta 98+00
C)Sta 100+56
D)None of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the four American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) requirements for vertical curves?

A)Safe
B)Comfortable
C)Appropriate for terrain
D)Adequate for drainage

Question 16

Which of the following factors is used to determine locations of the high and low points of vertical curves on roadways?

A)Location of drainage structures
B)Vertical clearance needed between roadway and overhead structure
C)Minimum cover over an underground utility
D)All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is not a type of vertical roadway curve?

A)Sag
B)Peak
C)Asymmetrical
D)Symmetrical

Question 18

When designing the alignment of a roadway, which of the following factors is a general consideration in obtaining the proper mix of horizontal and vertical curves in the final design?

A)Design speeds should be appropriate with the local topography
B)Alignment should be as flat as possible near intersections
C)For two-lane rural highways, adequate safe passing sections should be incorporated at frequent intervals
D)All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following grade changes is generally considered acceptable when designing a sag or crest vertical point of intersection without a vertical curve?

A)1.0% or less for design speeds < 45 miles per hour
B)2.0% or less for design speeds > 45 miles per hour
C)A. and B.
D)None of the above

Question 20

A Stormwater Management Plan typically required when constructing a roadway in which of the following conditions?

A)Proposed drainage structures will result in a net zero flow rate
B)The construction will occur during expected wet weather periods
C)The proposed roadway may cause a significant increase in flow or volume of water to existing drainage facilities or waterways
D)None of the above

Question 21

Which of the following is the stopping sight distance (most nearly) for a speed of 70 miles per hour (mph) on a flat grade roadway?

A)260 feet
B)470 feet
C)730 feet
D)820 feet

Question 22

Which of the following is most nearly the stopping site distance for a speed of 60 kilometers per hour (km/h) on a flat grade roadway?

A)65 meters
B)85 meters
C)90 meters
D)220 meters

Question 23

Which of the following is most nearly the stopping site distance for a roadway with a speed of 40 kilometers/hour (km/h) and a grade of 6%?

A)44 meters
B)50 meters
C)53 meters
D)62 meters

Question 24

Which of the following is the stopping sight distance for a speed of 55 miles per hour (mph) on a flat grade roadway?

A)202.1 feet
B)492.4 feet
C)512.2 feet
D)790.0 feet

Question 25

Which of the following is the stopping site distance for a roadway with a speed of 35 miles per hour and a downgrade of 9%?

A)222 feet
B)271 feet
C)287 feet
D)354 feet

Question 26

At what distance from the centerline of the inside of a 2-lane highway horizontal curve can a house can be placed without impacting the required stopping distance of 74.1 meters (m) if the radius of the curve is 200 meters and the speed limit is 50 kilometers/hour (km/h)?

A)1.75 m
B)3.43 m
C)175 m
D)343 m

Question 27

Which of the following is not a distance that is included in the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials (AASHTO) standard calculation for minimum passing sight distance for two lane highways?

A)Distance traveled behind a vehicle to be passed
B)Distance traveled during perception and reaction time during time to accelerate to point of encroachment on left lane
C)Distance traveled while passing in left lane
D)Distance between passing vehicle at the end of pass and an opposing vehicle

Question 28

What is the recommended length of a vertical curve to provide a stopping sight distance of 600 feet on a roadway where the ascending grade is +4% and the descending grade is -2%? Assume that S < L; eye height is 3.5 feet; object height is 2.0 feet.

A)333 feet
B)600 feet
C)1,001 feet
D)Not enough information provided

Question 29

The change in vertical curve direction effects passenger comfort more on sag curves than crest vertical curves because of which of the following reasons?

A)Gravitational and centripetal forces are equal
B)Gravitational and centripetal forces are in opposite directions
C)Gravitational and centripetal forces are greater than frictional forces
D)None of the above

Question 30

Which of the following provides the best comparison of intersection site distance (ISD) to stopping sight distance (SSD)?

A)ISD is often greater than SSD
B)ISD is often less than SSD
C)ISD and SSD are generally the same
D)None of the above

Question 31

The decision sight distance for a rural roadway with a speed of 50 miles per hour (mph) and a maneuver A is which of the following?

A)230.2 feet
B)460.5 feet
C)908.8 feet
D)Not enough information provided

Question 32

The decision sight distance for an urban roadway with a speed of 45 miles per hour (mph) and a maneuver B is which of the following?

A)602 feet
B)689 feet
C)796 feet
D)Not enough information provided

Question 33

Which of the following best describes the purpose of superelevation in transportation design?

A)Counteract the centripetal acceleration produced by curves
B)Counteract centrifugal force on curves
C)Counteract frictional force between tires and pavement
D)All of the above

Question 34

Which of the following best describes the American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials recommendation regarding where to measure the radius used when designing superelevated sections of horizontal curves?

A)Outermost edge of outermost travel lane
B)Outside edge of innermost travel lane
C)Inside edge of inner most travel lane
D)None of the above

Question 35

What is the rate of superelevation required for a horizontal curve on a 45 mile per hour (mph) two-lane rural highway with a minimum safe radius of 710.5 feet? Assume the coefficient of side friction is 0.15.

A)4%
B)6%
C)9%
D)Not enough information provided

Question 36

Which of the following situations would superelevation not be desirable?

A)To avoid a roadside obstacle
B)To limit the impacts on an existing drainage situation
C)When the roadway will be used by bicycles or pedestrians
D)All of the above

Question 37

Which of the following is the minimum safe radius of a horizontal curve for a two-lane rural highway with a speed limit of 60 miles per hour (mph) and an 8% rate of superelevation? (Assume the coefficient of side friction = 0.12)

A)1,000 feet
B)1,100 feet
C)1,200 feet
D)1,400 feet

Question 38

Which of the following impacts would the presence of ice and snow conditions on a superelevated roadway have that influence the maximum useable rate of superelevation?

A)Cause traffic backups due to slow moving traffic
B)Cause vehicles to spin
C)Cause vehicles to slide towards the center of the curve
D)None of the above

Question 39

Which of the following word combination best completes the statement below with regards to superelevated curves?
Drivers experience _______ discomfort as the side friction experienced on superelevated curves _______.

A)Less, increases
B)More, increases
C)More, decreases
D)None of the above

Question 40

Which of the following is not considered to be a functional road classification by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)?

A)Highway
B)Arterial
C)Local
D)Collector

Question 41

Which of the following is the controlling factor in the design of a 2-lane roadway sag vertical curve?

A)Headlight sight distance
B)Stopping site distance
C)Vertical clearance of objects over the roadway
D)All of the above

Question 42

Traffic speed is affected or affects by which of the following factors?

A)Road cross-section width
B)Horizontal and vertical curvature
C)Sign placement
D)All of the above

Question 43

Which of the following intersection control and management options is used to reduce vehicle speeds and increase traffic and pedestrian safety?

A)Stop signs
B)Roundabouts
C)Traffic signals
D)Speed bumps

Question 44

Which of the following engineering tools is used to reduce vehicle crashes at hazardous intersections?

A)Photo enforcement
B)Removal of unwarranted signals
C)Increased lighting levels
D)All of the above

Question 45

According to AASHTO guidance, traffic control device should meet five principles in order to be effective, including which of the following?

A)Allow enough time for response
B)Aesthetically appealing
C)A. and B.
D)None of the above

Question 46

A roadway improvement project to improve safety is cost effective when which of the following factors are met (fill in the blanks)?
Benefits: Reduced crash frequency, Reduced ___________, Reduced liability costs
Costs: Design and installation cost, __________________ cost, Cost of more frequent, less severe crashes
Benefits>Costs

A)Crash severity, liability
B)Crash severity, maintenance and operation
C)Maintenance, liability
D)All of the above

Question 47

Which of the following is the approximate curve resistance (in N) of a 1,200 kilogram (kg) automobile that is traveling at 70 kilometers per hour (km/hr) around a curve with a radius of 300 meters (m)?

A)252 N
B)756 N
C)1512 N
D)Not enough information provided

Question 48

Which of the following statements is generally assumed to be true?

A)In wet weather, passenger cars are more likely to skid rather than roll
B)In dry weather, larger vehicles (vans, sport utility vehicles) are more likely to skid than roll
C)A. and B.
D)None of the above

Question 49

Which of the following limits the rate of superelevation that can be attained in urban settings?

A)Driveways
B)Right-of-way allowances
C)Intersection spacing
D)All of the above

Question 50

Which of the following is the depth of a sanitary sewer force main crossing at a right below the surface of an equal tangent 600 foot vertical curve, given the pipe elevation at Station 10+00 is 100 feet, the PVI at Station 13+85 is 109.0 feet, and the initial and final grades are +1.2% and -1.06%?

A)1.5 feet
B)12.1 feet
C)112 feet
D)None of the above

Question 51

Which of the following is most nearly the distance from the edge of roadway that must be free from obstructions to provide the required stopping sight distance for a horizontal curve with a 2,000-foot radius and a stopping sight distance of 570 feet?

A)20.3 feet
B)32.2 feet
C)57.2 feet
D)None of the above

Question 52

Which of the following is the approximate average velocity of a vehicle that slows from 18 meters/second (m/s) to 2.4 m/s in 4.0 seconds?

A)7.8 m/s
B)9.8 m/s
C)10.2 m/s
D)None of the above

Question 53

What is the approximate acceleration rate of a vehicle that increases its speed from 55 miles per hour (mph) to 65 mph in 15 seconds?

A)0.98 ft/sec²
B)10 mph
C)15 mph/sec
D)None of the above

Question 54

What is the approximate distance traveled by a vehicle decelerating from 65 miles per hour (mph) to 35 mph at a rate of 3 feet per second/second?

A)900 feet
B)1,070 feet
C)1,634 feet
D)None of the above

Question 55

The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) recommend that the length of a deceleration lane should be based on which of the following criteria?
1. Highway design speed
2. Grade of deceleration lane
3. Design speed of controlling exit ramp curve
4. Design speed of controlling entrance ramp curve
5. Deceleration characteristics of an automobile
6. Deceleration characteristics of a large vehicle

A)1, 2, 3
B)1, 2, 3, 5
C)1, 3, 4, 5
D)All of the above

Question 56

Approximately how long will it take for a truck to go from 55 mph to a complete stop if it is decelerating at a rate of 5 feet/second/second?

A)11 seconds
B)16 seconds
C)62 seconds
D)None of the above