Deck 18: Sexual Images and Selling Sex

Question 1

What was the controversy surrounding the 2011 J Crew ad?

A) The ad featured the president of the company was shown painting her son's toenails pink.
B) The ad featured drag queens cross-dressing and posing in J Crew clothing.
C) The ad featured a woman whose breast was exposed in front of teenage boys.
D) The ad featured young teen males and females together in sexually suggestive poses.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

_______ typically has a specific purpose whereas _______ is typically to portray sexuality for the sake of sexuality.

A) Fresco; pornography
B) Erotica; pornography
C) Pornography; Obscenity
D) Pornography; Erotica

Answer 2

B

Question 3

All of the following are true about sexuality portrayed on television EXCEPT:

A) People rarely discuss contraception.
B) Values and morals about sexuality are rarely discussed.
C) Contracting sexually transmitted infections is common.
D) People who engage in sexual activity do not typically regret their actions.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

If you want to see competent women on TV, your best bet is to watch:

A) Prime time dramas
B) The advertisements
C) Cartoons
D) Soap operas

Question 5

In the U.S., the courtroom definition of "obscenity" includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Appeal to prurient interest
B) Lacks any serious value
C) Offends contemporary community standards
D) Promotes sexual harassment or violence

Question 6

In a study comparing advertisements from 1964 to 1984, what did the findings reveal?

A) The percentage of advertisements portraying sexuality significantly increased from 1964 to 1984.
B) The percentage of advertisements portraying images of men's sexuality increased from 1964 to 1984.
C) The percentage of advertisements portraying sexuality did not change from 1964 to 1984, but by 1984 sexual images were more visually explicit.
D) The percentage of advertisements portraying sexuality did not change from 1964 to 1984, but by 1984 sexual images were more subtle and indirect.

Question 7

In recent years, what is the approximate percentage of those arrested for possession of child pornography with images of children less than three years old?

A) 1%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%

Question 8

If you are watching the average prime time network TV show, and a couple has sexual intercourse, about what percentage of the time will they be in an established relationship?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 9

According to your text, what was an important influence on the early development of pornography?

A) Invention of the printing press
B) Development of reliable postal service
C) Increase in the worldwide literacy rates
D) Early production of photography and still movies

Question 10

Studies find that 70% of shows on TV includes some sexual content and shows average ______ sexual episodes per hour.

A) 2-3
B) 5-6
C) 8-9
D) 11-12

Question 11

When did the concept of pornography as a separate and distinct category emerge in the U.S.?

A) In the middle 1500s
B) In the late 1600s
C) In the mid-1800s
D) In the early 1900s

Question 12

Many movies are made into two or three versions. The least sexually explicit version is for release in _______, a more explicit copy is released in _______, and the third even more explicit version is released to DVD.

A) Europe, the United States
B) The United States, Japan
C) Japan, the United States
D) The United States, Europe

Question 13

The "typical" individual arrested for internet-related possession of child pornography is:

A) An unmarried Caucasian over 25 years old
B) An unmarried African-American over 25 years old
C) A married Caucasian over 35 years old
D) An unmarried African-American over 40 years old

Question 14

Considering advertisers know that "sex sells", what is the purpose of their advertising methods?

A) To get your attention
B) To get you physiologically aroused
C) To get you to associate feelings of excitement with the product being advertised
D) All of these

Question 15

On what basis has the 1986 Attorney General's Commission on Pornography been criticized?

A) It did not divide pornography by different categories.
B) In analyzing the findings, they did not separate sexual offenders from non-sexual offenders.
C) It relied on testimony from experts and laypersons who mostly supported restricting or eliminating sexually graphic materials.
D) They started out with the bias that pornographic materials are not harmful.

Question 16

According to your text, what are two important factors in the past quarter-century that led to news organizations dealing more openly with human sexuality issues?

A) Reality TV shows and changes in sexual predator laws
B) Churches becoming more liberal and reality TV shows
C) Talk shows and an increase in sex crimes
D) The Bill Clinton/Monica Lewinsky affair and the AIDS epidemic

Question 17

What is the best category for nude sculptures of gods used in religious ceremonies?

A) Pornography
B) Erotica
C) Fresco
D) Decorum

Question 18

What Constitutional Amendment would someone most likely reference if they were against government attempts to regulate pornography?

A) First
B) Second
C) Third
D) Fourth

Question 19

In determining if something is obscene, what factor is related to if it is characterized by lascivious thought?

A) Appeal to prurient interest
B) Level of obscenity
C) Considered offensive and indecent
D) Lacking moral or ethical purpose

Question 20

Why were the ancient erotic materials found in the ruins of Pompeii known to only a few for so many years?

A) Early discoverers of Pompeii hid the evidence.
B) The erotic visual images were largely symbolic.
C) They were lost when a ship carrying them sank at sea.
D) They were written about in a language only recently translated.

Question 21

What is a common characteristic of male sex workers?

A) Ninety-five percent identify as homosexual.
B) They are typically between the ages of 14 and 22.
C) They had sex at an early age and have older partners.
D) They are more likely to commit sexual crimes.

Question 22

What is a problem with conducting research on sex work?

A) Because the exact size of the population is unknown, it is difficult to obtain a representative sample.
B) Because sex work is illegal in most parts of the U.S., it remains hidden making behaviors of sex workers difficult to measure.
C) Sex work is defined differently from various perspectives.
D) All of these

Question 23

Feminist who align with the anticensorship movement are concerned that restrictions on pornography will lead to:

A) Censorship of feminist writings and writings on homosexuality issues.
B) Government regulation of the private sexual behaviors individuals engage in.
C) Higher levels of poverty as women employed in those industries will no longer have jobs.
D) Increased child sexual abuse because people who previously used porn as their sexual outlet will turn to children.

Question 24

What is a common characteristic found among many female sex workers?

A) Economically deprived upbringing
B) Became sexually active at an early age
C) History of sexual abuse
D) All of these

Question 25

What is the average age for a child's first exposure to online pornography?

A) 5 years old
B) 8 years old
C) 11 years old
D) 15 years old

Question 26

In an interesting research study related to heterosexual men's pornography viewing, it was found that men who watch images of naked men with women _____________ than men who watch similar videos of women with women.

A) Become more violent and have more aggressive attitudes
B) Feel less masculine
C) Have higher quality sperm counts
D) Have fewer problems with erections

Question 27

What is considered an important contribution of the pornography industry to online buying?

A) Implementing non-deletable links to those who surf a site
B) Real-time credit card processing
C) Confidential, free delivery
D) Developing "cookies" to track buyers' characteristics

Question 28

What is the main motivation for becoming a sex worker?

A) High sex drive
B) Economic
C) Sexual and economic
D) Drug addiction

Question 29

All of the following are common related to sex workers and their sex lives EXCEPT:

A) About 80% have sexual lives outside of their professional lives.
B) Some sex workers report enjoyment from the sexual aspects of their work, but the majority does not.
C) In Master's and Johnson's research, they found that sex workers were good subjects due to their high levels of sexual activity.
D) Most do not experience orgasms during sexual interactions with clients.

Question 30

What statement best describes Catherine MacKinnon's argument about pornography?

A) It allows the society to become more open about sexual behaviors.
B) It has been liberating for female sexuality.
C) It should not be censored or regulated.
D) It cannot be understood separately from the history of male domination of women.

Question 31

What is the average age of entry into sex work for females in the United States?

A) 12 years old
B) 14 years old
C) 17 years old
D) 22 years old

Question 32

A "typical" female prostitute is:

A) Under 25, single, and prostitutes full-time
B) Under 25, single, and prostitutes part-time
C) In her 30s, in a long-term relationship, and prostitutes part-time
D) In her 30s, single, and prostitutes full-time

Question 33

What is a common finding related to compulsive online sex?

A) The person experiences an improved sex life with his/her partner.
B) The person becomes desensitized to pornography.
C) If the person previous suffered from a sexual dysfunction, they typically experience improvement.
D) All of these

Question 34

What is the most common group of female sex workers?

A) Streetwalkers
B) Call girls
C) Online sex providers
D) Exotic dancers

Question 35

Although done in artificial research settings, what did research findings reveal related to the influence of men's attitudes after viewing violent pornography?

A) It decreases sensitivity toward rape victims.
B) It increases the desire to see more of it.
C) It reinforces the belief that some women like to be raped.
D) All of these

Question 36

According to recent studies, how do the majority of people in the United States feel about pornography?

A) Most would ban violent pornography, but are more ambivalent about female erotica and soft core porn.
B) Most would ban all forms of pornography and feel it leads to loss of respect for men and women.
C) Most would not ban violent porn, but do think that pornography leads to loss of respect for women.
D) Most would ban violent porn, gay porn, and female erotica showing lesbian interactions but would not ban soft core porn.

Question 37

Which of the following statements matches findings related to pornography and sexuality?

A) In Denmark where pornography has been legal since the 1960s, there are high rates of rape and sexual violence.
B) In Japan where pornography is sold freely and dominated by rape and bondage scenes, lower rates of rape are reported than those in the U.S.
C) Women in societies that forbid or repress pornography tend to have more positions of power and be held in higher esteem than in countries that have few restrictions on pornography.
D) A study of four countries found that as the availability of pornography increases, the rates of rape and other sexual crimes increases rapidly.

Question 38

What term refers to male sex workers who provide services to men?

A) Johns
B) Gigolos
C) Hustlers
D) Pimps

Question 39

Lahey argues that attempts to determine the effects of pornography are missing the point because they have not focused on what?

A) The voices of women
B) The impact of pornography on overall relationship satisfaction
C) The voices of children harmed through the pornography industry
D) The motivations behind people's use of pornography

Question 40

How would an adult who spends about 12 hours per week visiting sexually-oriented sites and chat rooms be identified?

A) A recreational user
B) A sequential user
C) An at-risk user
D) A compulsive user

Question 41

What type of sex work is least likely to result in arrest?

A) Streetwalking
B) Hustling
C) Escort services
D) Club/bar services

Question 42

What is the group "COYOTE" known for?

A) It advocates making all prostitution in Nevada illegal.
B) It advocates for more prosecution of not just prostitutes but the clients they service.
C) It is the best-known sex workers' rights group in the United States.
D) It is the best-known advocacy group for victims of sex trafficking.

Question 43

What percent of teenage runaways are likely to become involved in sex work?

A) 35%
B) 50%
C) 70%
D) 85%

Question 44

The type of television programming that is most likely to portray men and women in the least stereotypical way is children's programming.

Question 45

If a man has received sexual services from a prostitute, what is the most likely sex act they have engaged in?

A) Masturbation or a "hand job"
B) Intercourse with the female on top
C) Intercourse accompanied by "talking dirty"
D) Fellatio

Question 46

The first Presidential Commission on pornography from 1970 found that exposure to explicit sexual materials was highly correlated to increased criminal sexual behavior.

Question 47

Research showed that both rape rates and overall gender equality are highest in places with the highest circulation of sex magazines.

Question 48

The majority of online sex users are categorized as recreational users.

Question 49

Studies have found that the more hours of television teens watch, the more likely they are to perceive that their peers are sexually active.

Question 50

Television executives claim that boys will not watch cartoons with a female lead, but girls will watch cartoons with a male lead.

Question 51

Current laws require the use of condoms during filming of pornographic films.

Question 52

What is a common way that teens are lured into sex work business through a pimp?

A) They are out of money and have solicited someone they consider a "friend" to pay them for sex acts, which in turn leads to a pimp/prostitute relationship.
B) They are lured by acts of kindness and material gifts with no initial demands for sex until the relationship has progressed at which point sex becomes involved.
C) They are forcefully taken by a pimp and forced to before sex acts until eventually they just give in and become accustomed to the way of life.
D) They are lured in with promises of unlimited drugs and alcohol at which point they are taken advantage of sexually and eventually have to continue to support their drug/alcohol problem.

Question 53

What is true regarding the United States' involvement in the sex trafficking industry?

A) While sex trafficking does occur in the U.S., it is much less likely than in most other countries.
B) Sex trafficking in the U.S. is more likely to involve women.
C) Sex trafficking in the U.S. is more likely to involve children.
D) The U.S. is the second largest destination and market country for women and children trafficked by the sex industry.

Question 54

Through what means do traffickers use to control their victims?

A) Physical violence
B) Sexual violence
C) Financial "debts"
D) All of these

Question 55

Of the following, what type of prostitute would earn the most per sexual encounter?

A) Courtesan
B) Streetwalker
C) Brothel prostitute
D) Bar/club prostitute

Question 56

Early debates toward pornography were about books and modern debates focus on images and movies.

Question 57

Studies show that advertising is becoming even more sexist than it was 20 years ago.

Question 58

The Netherlands show, "Sputen en Slikken" which discusses issues of sex and drugs airs on a publicly funded television station.

Question 59

What percent of individuals trafficked through international sex trade are children?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 60%

Question 60

What is the purpose of the "T-visa"?

A) It allows people who were brought to the U.S. via sex trafficking to have the government pay for their expenses to return to their home countries.
B) It allows people who were brought to the U.S. via sex trafficking to qualify for government aid.
C) It allows people who were brought to the U.S. via sex trafficking to say in the U.S. to assist authorities in the prosecution of traffickers.
D) It allows people who were brought to the U.S. via sex trafficking to stay in the U.S. for up to 1 year to receive counseling and support services.

Question 61

Explain how the courts define pornography and obscenity. Be sure to include the specific criteria used to distinguish each.

Question 62

In what ways do television and movies influence our perceptions of gender? Give examples to support your answer and include references to information from your textbook.

Question 63

Describe characteristics of Generation M. Be sure to cite some examples of specific findings from the Kaiser Family Foundation study about Generation M. How could these characteristics influence sexuality development of this generation?

Question 64

What are some things the U.S. government is doing to help protect victims of trafficking? Be sure to cite specific information from your text.

Question 65

Describe the historical, cultural, and societal implications for the statement, "One person's pornography can be another person's erotica."

Question 66

Identify what factors research has found motivate people to hire sex workers.

Question 67

Sex trafficking is primarily an international problem with only a small percent of trafficking occurring in the United States.

Question 68

Describe two studies that were cited in your text related to the harmful effects of pornography. How do they inform our understanding of the potential influence of pornography on a person's views and attitudes about sexuality?

Question 69

Identify the pros and cons of legalized sex work.

Question 70

Name the two commissions on pornography and explain the findings of each. What were the criticisms of each respective commission?

Question 71

There are currently no federal laws in the United States to protect victims of sex trafficking.

Question 72

Discuss two common ways that women become victims of sex trafficking and explain the methods that traffickers use to control their victims.

Question 73

Vaginal intercourse is the most request "service" of female prostitutes.

Question 74

The majority of prostitutes report that they enjoy their work.

Question 75

Streetwalking is the most dangerous form of prostitution.