Deck 1: Social Psychology: Part A

Question 1

The Prisoners' Dilemma is an example of:

A)free riding
B)a social dilemma
C)a solution to a social dilemma
D)the opposite of a social dilemma

Answer 1

a social dilemma

Question 2

What has, according to an eminent social psychologist, been 'treated like a rude bastard relative at a family gathering'?

A)downward comparison
B)impression management
C)civility
D)stereotyping

Answer 2

impression management

Question 3

Why is it generally felt that members of some societies might develop a stronger preference for dispositional explanations?

A)many western societies are characterized by a culture of individualism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the actor than the situation
B)many western societies are characterized by a culture of collectivism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the situation than the actor
C)many non-western societies are characterized by a culture of individualism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the actor than the situation
D)many non-western societies are characterized by a culture of collectivism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the situation than the actor

Answer 3

many western societies are characterized by a culture of individualism, and this makes people lean more towards understanding the actor than the situation

Question 4

In Heider's (1948) balance theory, which of the following would represent an unbalanced triad?

A)agreeing with someone you like
B)agreeing with someone you dislike
C)disagreeing with someone you dislike
D)agreeing with a friend of a friend

Question 5

Completing a task which requires self-control may make it:

A)easier to self-regulate on a following task
B)harder to self-regulate on a following task
C)impossible to self-regulate on a following task
D)neither easier nor harder to self-regulate on a following task

Question 6

You decide to train for a marathon, and for a month you force yourself to get up at 6am every day to go running. At the end of the month, you notice that you have also been more successful recently at resisting the temptation to eat junk food. How would the strength model explain this:

A)succeeding at a goal has increased your self-efficacy
B)practicing self-control has increased your self-control resources
C)forming a goal has increased your motivation to overcome obstacles
D)similar goals facilitate each other

Question 7

According to Ajzen and Fishbein (1977), measures of attitude and behavior need to correspond in four key ways. But which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)action
B)content
C)target
D)time

Question 8

Which of the following would suggest that a person has low implicit self-esteem?

A)they associate positive words more quickly than negative words with the self
B)they associate negative words more quickly with the self than with others
C)they show a greater than average liking for letters that are in their name
D)they show a cautious style of self-presentation

Question 9

Which of these statements about conformity is correct?

A)the more members of the majority there are, the more dramatically conformity increases
B)genuine social support has a stronger influence over conformity than does broken unanimity
C)group size has a greater impact on conformity than any other moderator of group influence
D)people in western cultures find greater acceptance of others\ judgements than those in eastern cultures

Question 10

According to Moscovici (1976, 1980), what process of influence do minorities induce?

A)validation
B)conversion
C)compliance
D)comparison

Question 11

Below are three strongly-held views over which source condition (minority or majority) elicits the highest cognitive scrutiny of a message. But which one have studies shown to be correct?

A)"superior message processing is associated with a minority."
B)"superior message processing is associated with a majority."
C)"both a majority and minority can lead to superior message processing under different conditions."
D)none of these

Question 12

In Gottman and Levenson's study of married couples' social interactions, what was the strongest predictor of divorce?

A)criticism
B)contempt
C)anger
D)infidelity

Question 13

At what age do children reach an understanding of pride?

A)3-4
B)5-6
C)7-9
D)10-12

Question 14

Self-categorisation theory suggests that social category salience is a function of:

A)fit x perceiver readiness
B)perceiver readiness x accessibility
C)identification x normative fit
D)identification x comparative fit

Question 15

A cognitive miser is a person who:

A)hoards good ideas that should be shared with others
B)gives little time to thinking about personal matters
C)is good at disguising thoughts from other people
D)uses little effort in making judgments about other people

Question 16

Being in a good mood does not reduce our_______, but reduces our________.

A)motivation to do hard cognitive work, incentive for doing hard cognitive work
B)incentive to do hard cognitive work, motivation for doing hard cognitive work
C)motivation to do hard cognitive work, capacity for doing hard cognitive work
D)capacity to do hard cognitive work, motivation for doing hard cognitive work

Question 17

Prejudice is:

A)the affective component of an attitude
B)a genetically-controlled emotional response to people
C)a belief usually acquired by contact with the attitude object
D)a pre-judgement based on a persons' group membership

Question 18

Which stereotype-participant combination is likely to result in the weakest rebound effect?

A)skinheads stereotype; high prejudice participant
B)gay stereotype; low prejudice participant
C)skinheads stereotype; low prejudice participant
D)gay stereotype; high prejudice participant

Question 19

Which of the conditions below is MOST likely to produce stereotype change following the bookkeeping model?

A)disconfirming information is concentrated on a few atypical group members
B)disconfirming information is concentrated on a few typical group members
C)disconfirming information is dispersed across many typical group members
D)the stereotype is dramatically disconfirmed

Question 20

According to social identity theory, which of the following strategies is LEAST likely to improve relations between social groups in an intergroup contact situation?

A)providing information about similarities between groups
B)providing information about differences between groups
C)acknowledging particpants' group memberships
D)recategorising participants into a common group

Question 21

Many findings suggest that intergroup contact improves attitudes among the people actually involved, but it does not generalise to the groups from which they were drawn. This is likely to follow from the fact that:

A)participants are affected by the acquiescent response bias
B)most intergroup contact is actually interpersonal contact
C)questionnaire measures are mostly used in this research
D)an insufficient number of cross-cultural studies have been carried out

Question 22

Which of the following is an example of using a 'derived etic' approach to cross cultural research?

A)research that examines a single culture in its own terms
B)research that compares members of thirty cultures on a measure that has been well validated in one of the cultures
C)research that compares members of two cultures on a task that was developed jointly by researchers from both cultures
D)none of the above

Question 23

What is the 'ecological fallacy'?

A)interpreting an individual-level finding as if it were at the ecological-level
B)interpreting an ecological-level finding as if it were at the individual level
C)failing to look after the environment
D)disbelief in global warming

Question 24

Social psychology is the scientific study of how people ___________________________, ___________________________, and ___________________________ one another.

A)understand, feel about, act toward
B)perceive, think about, act toward
C)think about, influence, relate to
D)observe, influence, conflict with

Question 25

Social psychology began to emerge as the vibrant field it is today during

A)the depression of the early 1930s when researchers examined the effects of deprivation on aggression and altruism
B)world war i when psychologists conducted studies of social conflict and cooperation
C)world war ii when researchers performed studies of persuasion and soldier morale
D)the korean war when psychologists examined the effects of brainwashing on prisoners of war