Deck 2: Social Psychology: Part B

Question 1

In comparison to the sociologist, the social psychologist

A)is more likely to study the social causes of behavior
B)is more likely to study individuals than groups
C)gives less attention to our internal functioning
D)relies more heavily on correlational research

Answer 1

is more likely to study individuals than groups

Question 2

In comparison to personality psychology, social psychology

A)has a shorter history
B)is more concerned with the biological causes of behavior
C)is more likely to use case studies in theory development
D)has greater concern for differences between individuals

Answer 2

has a shorter history

Question 3

In comparison to personality psychology, social psychology

A)focuses more on our common humanity
B)has more famous, well-known theorists
C)is an older specialty within the discipline of psychology
D)provides more "grand" or comprehensive theories of human functioning

Answer 3

focuses more on our common humanity

Question 4

Most social-psychological research is conducted either in the field or in the ______________________ and is either correlational or ________________________.

A)clinic; survey
B)laboratory; experimental
C)laboratory; survey
D)clinic; experimental

Question 5

Survey researchers obtain a representative group

A)through random assignment
B)by selecting at least 2000 respondents to be interviewed
C)by taking a random sample
D)either through telephone books or automobile registrations

Question 6

The great strength of _____________________ is that it tends to occur in real-world settings where it can examine questions regarding important factors like race, sex, and social status.

A)correlational research
B)field experimentation
C)laboratory experimentation
D)quasi-experimentation

Question 7

Which of the following distinguishes the correlational method from experimentation?

A)the correlational method uses a smaller group of subjects
B)the correlational method enables researchers to study social attitudes
C)no attempt is made to systematically manipulate one or more factors with the correlational method
D)the findings from the correlational method are more likely to

Question 8

Random assignment means that each person taking part in an experiment must

A)have an equal chance of being in a given condition in theexperiment
B)be assigned to all the conditions of the experimental treatment
C)be randomly selected from the larger population
D)be given random responses to the experimenter\s questions

Question 9

The experimental factor that the experimenter manipulates is called the _______________ variable.

A)dependent
B)control
C)independent
D)experimental

Question 10

The experimental method is used in about ___________________________ of all social-psychological research studies.

A)one-fourth
B)one-half
C)three-fourths
D)nine-tenths

Question 11

Hypotheses are best characterized as

A)axioms
B)principles
C)predictions
D)conclusions

Question 12

In an experimental study of the effects of failure on selfesteem, self-esteem would be the

A)control condition
B)independent variable
C)dependent variable
D)experimental condition

Question 13

The text suggests that adjectives such as "self-actualized," "mature," and "well-adjusted" demonstrate

A)how psychological concepts have hidden values
B)how psychological concepts are individualistic
C)an inordinate concern with mental health
D)how personality psychologists are more influential than social psychologists

Question 14

According to the text, the fact that human thinking always involves interpretation

A)provides a valid reason for dismissing science
B)is precisely why we need scientific analysis
C)is a reason for preferring experimental over correlational research
D)has been more frequently recognized by those in the sciences than by those in the humanities

Question 15

The naturalistic fallacy provides an example of

A)the hindsight bias
B)how values penetrate the work of the scientist
C)how commonsense notions are often wrong
D)how naturalistic observation is unable to answer questions about cause-effect relationships

Question 16

In comparison to North American social psychologists, European social psychologists tend to give more attention to the _______________ levels of explanation.

A)intrapersonal and interpersonal
B)intergroup and societal
C)interpersonal and intergroup
D)intrapersonal and societal

Question 17

Who of the following is most likely to study how religious attitudes develop within the typical individual?

A)a sociologist
B)a social worker
C)a social psychologist
D)a theologian

Question 18

Who of the following would be most likely to study how the political attitudes of middle-class people differ from those of lower-class people?

A)a personality psychologist
B)a social psychologist
C)a social biologist
D)a sociologist

Question 19

The telephone company wants to survey its 100,000 customers. Four proposals for sampling the customers are being considered. Which would you recommend?

A)interview every 75th person listed in the telephone directory
B)mail a questionnaire to all 100,000 customers and assume at least 1200 will respond
C)interview the people in every 50th residence from a postal listing of all addresses
D)interview those 1000 persons with the highest phone bills

Question 20

Which of the following research methods would be most effective in demonstrating that the presence of others improves our performance of a task?

A)an experiment
B)correlational study
C)a survey
D)a field study

Question 21

There is a strong relationship between dating frequency and physical attractiveness

A)for males.
B)for females.
C)for both males and females.
D)beyond the initial stage of attraction.

Question 22

Which is TRUE regarding choosing a mate?

A)people who marry are highly similar in age, education, race, religion, and ethnic background.
B)the highest correlation between people who marry involves their temperaments.
C)in the united states kindness and understanding are ranked as being the least important qualities in a mate.
D)men rate physical attractiveness as a less important quality

Question 23

The study in which college students attached a bumper sticker for a militant black organization to their cars and then received frequent traffic citations demonstrates

A)group prejudice.
B)scapegoating.
C)personal prejudice.
D)discrimination.

Question 24

When we perform well, we typically attribute our success to __________.

A)internal characteristics
B)our group of colleagues
C)external circumstances
D)our personality type

Question 25

Which is true of social stereotypes?

A)they are always negative.
B)they tend to be rational.
C)likable members of a rejected group are perceived as an "exception."
D)university students show more evidence of ethnic stereotyping now than they did in the past.

Question 26

A __________ group is a group based on social comparison.

A)focus
B)personal identification
C)reference
D)comparison

Question 27

An example of a superordinate goal is

A)getting good grades.
B)making money.
C)making friends.
D)protecting clean water supplies.

Question 28

Which statement about physical attractiveness is FALSE?

A)beauty is a factor mainly in initial acquaintances.
B)looks are less related to dating frequency for men than for women.
C)for men, there is little relationship between attractiveness and the achievement of status.
D)for marriage partners there is a tendency for attractive men

Question 29

Moderate self-disclosure typically leads to

A)competence matching.
B)rejection.
C)romantic attraction.
D)reciprocity.

Question 30

Social position in a group determines one's

A)competence.
B)autokinetic norms.
C)role.
D)usefulness.

Question 31

With regard to the effects of TV on children, we can conclude that

A)tv has little effect on the behavior of children.
B)tv only increases aggressive behavior in children.
C)tv only increases prosocial behavior in children.
D)the amount of tv viewing may be related to aggressive behavior later in life.

Question 32

If everyone leaves five minutes before the game is over to avoid a traffic jam, the resulting traffic jam would be an example of

A)social impregnation.
B)a social trap.
C)groupthink.
D)self-handicapping.

Question 33

A student who is unprepared for a final exam complains that he has a stomach ache and cannot take the exam. If the student's roommate ignores this complaint, he or she has probably attributed the student's symptoms to the

A)object.
B)actor.
C)situation.
D)need for affiliation.

Question 34

During his rise to power, Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany's economic woes. This is an example of

A)personal discrimination.
B)social stereotypes.
C)symbolic prejudice.
D)scapegoating.

Question 35

Interpersonal attraction is encouraged by which one of the following?

A)personal space
B)proxemics
C)competition
D)similarity

Question 36

The judge who is caught cheating on his income tax is likely experiencing

A)role diffusion.
B)attribution failure.
C)role conflict.
D)attribution error.