Deck 6: Understanding Social Behavior in Culture and Psychology

Question 1

The process of understanding what something is by knowing what other things it is equivalent to, and what other things it is different from" describes the process of

A)Individuation.
B)Categorization.
C)Illusory correlation.
D)Differentiation.

Answer 1

Categorization.

Question 2

__________ __________ describes the belief that two variables are associated with one another when in fact there is a little or no actual association. The appropriate blanks are

A)Illusory correlation.
B)Illuminated correlation.
C)Correlated categories.
D)Shared distinctiveness.

Answer 2

Illusory correlation.

Question 3

Helping behavior:

A)Is defined as behavior that only benefits others and does not benefit the self
B)Includes actions that only benefit the self
C)Includes actions that benefit others and the self in the same instance.
D)None of the above.

Answer 3

Includes actions that benefit others and the self in the same instance.

Question 4

The belief people have that the world is a fair place where good things happen to good people and bad things happen to bad people leads perceivers to be:

A)More likely to help others.
B)Less likely to help others.
C)More likely to help those who are not responsible for their situation.
D)None of the above.

Question 5

When an individual observes another person in an emergency and actively decides to help that person, this is known as

A)Bystander apathy.
B)Bystander intervention.
C)Diffusion of responsibility.
D)Audience inhibition

Question 6

The failure to act in an emergency due to concern over what other people will think of you and/or because you think the situation isn't an emergency because no-one else is reacting is known as

A)Audience inhibition.
B)Diffusion of responsibility.
C)The bystander calculus model.
D)Costs of helping.

Question 7

Which of the following people are less likely to help?

A)Those with an altruistic personality.
B)Those with an internal locus of control.
C)Those with high dispositional empathy.
D)Those who are low in social responsibility.

Question 8

In general __________ moods __________ helping behavior. The most appropriate blanks are

A)Good, decrease.
B)Bad, increase.
C)Bad, decrease.
D)Good, don't influence.

Question 9

The idea that if we empathise with someone in need we are more likely to help them is known as

A)The helping oneself hypothesis.
B)Egotistic helping
C)The affect-priming model.
D)The empathy-altruism hypothesis.

Question 10

The state of arousal that is victim-focused, involving feelings of sympathy and compassion for the sufferer, is known as

A)Reciprocity.
B)Empathic concern.
C)Personal distress.
D)Altruism.

Question 11

A perceiver is more likely to feel empathy when the victim is

A)Similar to them
B)Female
C)Crying
D)Stupid

Question 12

The term that describes our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in relation to other individuals is

A)Intergroup relations.
B)Interpersonal relation
C)Affiliation
D)Attraction

Question 13

The idea that our need for affiliation is satisfied by aligning our desire for privacy with our actual level of contact is outlined by the

A)Dialectic principle
B)Optimization principle
C)Privacy regulation theory
D)Social affiliation model

Question 14

People generally prefer other people whose faces are

A)Asymmetric.
B)Symmetric
C)Small
D)Oval

Question 15

The matching hypothesis says that couples who are matched in terms of __________ will be better suited to one another

A)Attractiveness
B)Intelligence
C)Hobbies and interests
D)Number of other friends

Question 16

The way in which we compare ourselves to others in order to provide our attitudes and behavior with validity is known as:

A)Social competition.
B)Social comparison
C)A self-fulfilling prophecy
D)An evolutionary explanation

Question 17

The idea of complementarity suggests that a perceiver may find someone who is powerful attractive because __________. The most appropriate blanks are

A)They are weak
B)They are not powerful
C)Powerful people are always attractive
D)None of the above.

Question 18

Knowing that another person likes us might increase our attraction to them via

A)Social comparison.
B)Social cognition
C)A self-fulfilling prophecy
D)Mere exposure

Question 19

Scientific research in social psychology began around the end of the

A)1600's
B)1700's
C)1800's
D)1900's

Question 20

Relative to individuals with low self-esteem, individuals with high self-esteem are

A)Less likely to benefit from social comparisons.
B)More likely to react to rejection violently
C)More likely to have realistic appraisals of themselves
D)More likely to engage in self-handicapping.

Question 21

What factor does not initiate attraction?

A)Long distance
B)Physical attractiveness
C)Similarity
D)Feeling liked

Question 22

According to the text, geographical nearness is

A)Closeness
B)Nearness
C)Proximity
D)Immediacy

Question 23

Which of the following is supported by research on social attraction?

A)Distance makes the heart fonder.
B)Beauty and brains are equal
C)Opposites
D)Familiarity produces fondness

Question 24

The presumption that physically attractive people possess other socially desirable traits is the

A)Attractiveness effect
B)Physical-attractiveness stereotype
C)Reciprocity effect
D)Matching phenomenon

Question 25

Opposites attract is an aspect of the

A)Matching phenomenon
B)Reward theory of attraction
C)Complementary hypothesis
D)The ingratiation effect

Question 26

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them is

A)Social-responsibility norm
B)Reciprocity norm
C)Dependent norm
D)Social norm

Question 27

According to the text, people are likely to help when

A)Other people are around
B)They feel happy
C)They are depressed
D)They are well educated